Bioactivity of Crude Extracts of Stem Bark of Vetillariaparadoxa

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Crude Extracts

scholarly journals Phytochemical, cytotoxicity and antioxidant studies on the stem bark of Piper arborescens

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Anak Daniel ◽  
Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad ◽  
Zaini Assim ◽  
Chua Hun Pin
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
High Cytotoxicity

Phytochemical study on the stem bark of P. arborescens has isolated six secondary metabolites from the crude extracts by using column chromatography, while identification was performed by using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The isolated metabolites were identified as caryophyllene oxide (1), α-bisabolol (2), benzamide 2-(methylamino) (3), 2-ethylpiperidine (4), piperine (5) and methyl eugenol (6). Toxicity test on the four crude extracts of P. arborescens shows a high cytotoxicity against Artemia salina brine shrimp with LC50 values ranging from 13.12 to 58.70 µg/mL. Greater cytotoxicity of the crude extracts of P. arborescens indicated the presence of potent cytotoxic components in this Piper spp. Antioxidant assay of P. arborescens against 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) indicated moderate antioxidant activities of methanol, dichloromethane, chloroform and hexane crude extracts with EC50 values of 21.68, 23.82, 32.88 and 36.88 µg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Selected Plant Extracts against Some Medically and Agriculturally Important Pathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-189
Author(s):  
Yirgashewa Asfere ◽  
Ameha Kebede ◽  
Dejene Zinabu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Ruta Chalepensis ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Scientific Justification

In Ethiopia, many plants are used for medicinal drive-by old-style naturopaths without any scientific justification for their therapeutic values. The principal aim of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of the leaf, root and stem bark extracts of Rhamnus prinioides (gesho), Justicia schimperiana (sensel) and Ruta chalepensis (Tena adam) against some common pathogenic species of bacteria and fungi. The results of this study shown that the crude extracts of ethanol, methanol, hexane and water crude extracts had antimicrobial activities on most bacterial and fungi species of some solvent extracts. Ethanol and methanol crude extracts had the highest growth inhibitory effects as compared with those of the aqueous and hexane crude extracts. But, the four solvent crude extracts had fewer antimicrobial activities than commercially available drug(chloramphenicol and clotrimazole). Campylobacter jejuni and Staphylococcus aureus were found to be the most vulnerable microbes to the crude ethanol (99.5%). The growth-inhibitory events of the crude extracts were found to be significantly dissimilar for both concentrations (30 and 60 mg/ml) in all plant parts (p < 0.05). In general, this study did not only indicate that the antibacterial activities of R. prinioides (gesho), J. schimperiana (sensel) and R. chalepensis (Tena adam). It also accesses a scientific justification for its old-style use against some diseases.

In vitro Antisalmonellal and Antioxidant Properties of Mangifera indica L. Stem Bark Crude Extracts and Fractions

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landric Noghogne ◽  
Donatien Gatsing ◽  
Fotso ◽  
Norbert Kodjio ◽  
Jean Sokoudjou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Crude Extracts

scholarly journals Extraction, Purification and Characterisation of Plant Enzyme (Calotropain) from the Unripe Pods and Bark of Sodom Apple (Calotropis procera (AIT))

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Amoah Ofori Obed ◽  
Hilary D. Zakpaa ◽  
Amoah Theophilus ◽  
Saeed Ibn Idris Kofi Yeboah ◽  
Essandoh Prince
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Salt Precipitation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proteolytic Activities

Aims: This study was conducted to determine the potential Extraction, Purification and Characterisation of Calotropain from the unripe pods and stem bark of Calotropis procera for establishing its applications in food industry. Methodology: Crude extracts were purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and two-step salt precipitation. A One-way ANOVA analysis was used to determine the significant difference between the two methods at 5% significance level. Results: The results obtained from the study inferred that proteolytic activity was present in both plant part extracts. The protein concentrations of the sample crude extracts were 0.86 mg/ml and 0.92 mg/ml for stem bark and pods respectively. The protein concentrations after ammonium sulphate precipitation were 0.57 mg/ml and 0.69 mg/ml for stem bark and pods respectively. The protein concentrations after two-step salt precipitation were 0.51 mg/ml and 0.61 mg/ml for stem bark and pods respectively. Proteolytic activities of the crude enzyme extracts were 0.038 µmol/min/ml for stem bark and 0.02 µmol/min/ml for pods. Higher values of 0.075 µmol/min/ml and 0.05 µmol/min/ml were calculated for the enzyme extracts for stem bark and unripe pods respectively after ammonium sulphate precipitation and after two-step salt precipitation. The enzyme extracts for stem bark and pods respectively recorded proteolytic activities of 0.099 µmol/min/ml and 0.07 µmol/min/ml. Conclusion: The outcome of this study showed how the proteolytic activities of the plant parts could be enhanced for protein hydrolytic processes in the production of food.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial studies of Lannea egregia Engl. & K. Krause (Anacardiaceae) extracts and chromatographic fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-363
Author(s):  
Philip A. Idowu ◽  
Loveth C. Ekemezie ◽  
Charles O. Olaiya
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Different Parts

Screening ‘new’ medicinal plants of traditional importance for bioactive components is a sure way of discovering novel therapeutic agents to treat diseases. This study, therefore investigated the presence of phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial components of the extracts of Lannea egregia. Phytochemical screening was done by standard methods. Antibacterial activity of the extracts of Lannea egregia was determined by agar well diffusion method while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The antioxidant capacity of the crude extracts was determined through the evaluation of total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, ferric reducing power, total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl. The phytochemical screening of the different parts of this plant revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, emodins, phlobatannins, anthocyanins, coumarins and phenolics. Phlobatannins was observed to be absent in the stem bark. The crude extracts obtained from the leaves, stem bark and roots of this plant exhibited good antibacterial activity against typed strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The diameter of the zone of inhibition ranged from 9.0 to 26.0 mm at 100 mg/mL for all the plant parts. The ethyl acetate leaf extract of this plant possessed the highest antibacterial activity with MIC and MBC values of the range of (3.125 to ˃50 mg/mL) and (12.5 to ˃50 mg/mL) respectively. The zone inhibition of the chromatographic fractions of both plants ranged 15-23 mm. Antioxidant study of the extracts of the leaf of L. egregia revealed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have good antioxidant potentials comparable to that of ascorbic acid control. This study has revealed that the extracts from different parts of L. egregia possess good antibacterial and antioxidant activities which could be a function of the various phytochemicals detected in the plant. Keywords: Lannea egregia, Phytochemical, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Column chromatography.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic Activity of Hymenodictyon pachyanta Stem Bark Extracts against Haemonchus Contortus

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
D. O. Olayemi ◽  
M. M. Onakpa ◽  
O. C. Jegede
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The development of host resistance to anthelmintics and the increasing cost of commercial anthelmintics have encouraged the need for the in vitro anthelmintic evaluation of crude extract and fractions of Hymenodictyon pachyanta plant as alternative drugs against Haemonchus contortus. H. contortus is one of the most prevalent and highly pathogenic parasitic nematodes in small ruminant farming globally. H. pachyanta stem bark is a prospective plant used by the local and indigenous farmers of Nsukka, Enugu state, Nigeria. The stem bark of H. pachyanta were collected, dried, pulverized and extracted with 80 % methanol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic effects of these crude extract and fractions against H. contortus in sheep and goats. The two extracts (crude and fractions) of H. pachyanta were tested by the egg hatch assay (EHA) and the larval development inhibition assays (LDIA) and to compared the results with albendazole (as the positive control). The concentrations for the crude extract and albendazole used for this study were 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25 and 12.5 mg.ml−1. The results demonstrated that the crude extracts, fractions and albendazole all at the concentration doses of 12.5 mg.ml−1 produced 100 % inhibition of egg hatching and larval development. Statistically, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean percentage inhibition of egg hatching and larval development inhibition of the crude extracts and fractions when compared with albendazole. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed with n-butanol fraction which inhibited 96.17 % of egg hatchability. All of the extracts and albendazole showed ovicidal and larvicidal effects and were able to induce over 50 % of the egg hatching and mortality of larvae at the concentration ranges of 0.78—12.5 mg.ml−1. The results obtained from our study suggest that H. pachyanta had ovicidal and larvicidal activity against H. contortus and that the bioactive plants compounds responsible for this effect could be attributed to the presence of tannins, alkaloids and the saponins contained in the crude extracts.

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