Deepening knowledge of online child sexual victimisation

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Corinne May-Chahal ◽  
Emma Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Coordinated Action ◽  
Childhood Sexuality ◽  
Social Goods ◽  
Trust In Technology ◽  
Measurement Practices

This concluding chapter calls for greater clarity and agreement on definitions and measurement practices concerning online child sexual victimisation (OCSV). First, there is a need for agreed definitions of OCSV that distinguish between normative childhood sexuality and sexual violence, both on- and offline. Second, research, policy, and practices must reflect that the child is only one element that requires protection. Taking a cybersecurity asset approach, the chapter emphasises the need for coordinated action to enhance and protect social goods, such as trust in technology, law enforcement resources, and fundamental rights. Finally, it recommends that guardianship responsibility is extended to children themselves and considers some of the technical tools that might assist their participation.

Influential Factors in The Law Enforcement Process of Sexual Violence Cases in Children in The City of Semarang

SOEPRA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Liya Suwarni
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Medical Record Data ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Record Data ◽  
The Law ◽  
The City

Background. Cases of sexual violence increase every year, victims ranging from adolescents, children to toddlers. Based on data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission, abuse and violence against children in Indonesia in 2013 were 23 cases, in 2014 there were 53 cases, in 2015 there were 133 cases, 2017 reached 1,337 cases, and as of July 2018 there were 424 cases. Purpose. Knowing the factors that influence the law enforcement process of sexy violence cases in Semarang City. Method This study uses descriptive analytical methods for cases of violence against children, based on medical record data in hospitals, documents in Mapolrestabes, the District Attorney's Office and the Semarang City Court for the period of January 2015 to December 2018. Results. Based on research results obtained 213 experimental cases section from medical record data in hospitals in the city of Semarang. Most cases of child abuse occurred in 2018 with 72 cases. Most victims are 12-14 years old age group, female. Most types of cases are cases of intercourse. The majority of violations are persons known as victims, perpetrators not working, and most of the places of occurrence are in the defendant's house. At the time of prosecution and trial, the number of cases was significantly reduced to only 8 cases. Factors related to this include lack of evidence, difficulty in obtaining information from victims, convoluted statements of coverage, lack of election, and obtaining diversion rates. Conclusion Cases of sexual violence have increased from year to year. The process of law enforcement on this problem still has many difficulties in each manufacturing process which is still difficult to overcome.

scholarly journals Perempuan dalam Prostitusi: Konstruksi Pelindungan Hukum Terhadap Perempuan Indonesia dari Perspektif Yuridis dan Viktimologi (Women in prostitution: Construction of Legal Protection Towards Indonesian Women from a Juridical and Victimitarian Perspective)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-88
Author(s):  
Yaris Adhial Fajrin ◽  
Ach Faisol Triwijaya
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Reform

The practice of prostitution involving women as the main perpetrator creates a negative stigma that sees women as guilty persons. Even though there are also women who are involved in the practice of prostitution due tocoercion. This condition creates a bias towards the position of the victim in the practice of prostitution. This paper is to examine the involvement of women in the practice of prostitution while also recognizing the position of women that are involved in the practice of prostitution. This research uses the normative juridical research method. Women in the prostitution network can be identified as victims due to both internal and external pressure.Women are perpetrators if involved without any pressure from other parties. Women are victims if they act as service providers, suffered, because of force by power from others, besides the relative requirements of women as victims of prostitution when involved in the practice of prostitution because they have been victims of sexual violence and make prostitution as livelihoods. Thus, it is hoped that legislators will soon be able to formulate limits on victims in the context of legal reform and just law enforcement. AbstrakPraktik prostitusi yang melibatkan perempuan sebagai aktor utama menimbulkan stigma negatif yang memandang perempuan sebagai insan yang bersalah. Padahal adapula perempuan yang terlibat dalam praktik prostitusi diakibatkan keterpaksaaan. Kondisi ini menimbulkan bias terhadap kedudukan korban dalam praktik prostitusi. Tulisan ini untuk mengkaji keterlibatan perempuan dalam praktik prostitusi sekaligus mengetahui kedudukan perempuan yang terlibat dalam praktik prostitusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Perempuan dalam jaringan prostitusi dapat teridentifikasi sebagai korban akibat tekanan internal maupun eksternalnya. Perempuan sebagai pelaku apabila terlibat tanpa tekanan dari pihak di luar dirinya. Perempuan sebagai korban apabila bertindak sebagai pemberi jasa, menderita, karena dan daya paksa dari orang lain, selain itu syarat relatif perempuan sebagai korban dalam prostitusi manakala terlibat dalam praktik prostitusi karena pernah menjadi korban kekerasan seksual dan prostitusi sebagai mata pencaharian. Diharapkan pembentuk undang-undang segera mungkin untuk merumuskan mengenai batasan korban dalam rangka pembaharuan hukum dan penegakan hukum yang berkeadilan.

scholarly journals Greentree White Paper: Sexual Violence, Genitoanal Injury, and HIV: Priorities for Research, Policy, and Practice

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1379-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer F. Klot ◽  
Judith D. Auerbach ◽  
Fulvia Veronese ◽  
Gina Brown ◽  
April Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Policy And Practice

Young children: the visibility paradox

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Corinne May-Chahal ◽  
Emma Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Image Databases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Sense ◽  
The Subject

This chapter reviews what is known about child sexual abuse media, with a particular focus on the abuse of young children (those under the age of 10). Young children are seldom the subject of research on sexual violence, yet the online-facilitated sexual abuse of these children is known to exist. In the past, child sexual abuse has been described as a hidden phenomenon that is made visible through a child's disclosure or evidence in and on their bodies. Online child sexual victimisation (OCSV) experienced by young children is still hidden in this traditional sense but at the same time highly visible through images that are both detached from the child yet traumatically attached through their creation and continued circulation throughout childhood. Indeed, most of what can be known about OCSV and younger children is through analyses of images harvested online and analyses of law enforcement and non-governmental organisation (NGO) image databases. These sources suggest that OCSV involving young children is different from that experienced by those who are older. It more often involves parents, carers, and family members; it is legally and developmentally impossible for children to consent to it; and images and videos of the abuse are more likely to be trafficked.

scholarly journals Facial recognition in police hands: Assessing the ‘Clearview case’ from a European perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
Isadora Neroni Rezende
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies

Since 2019, over 600 law enforcement agencies across the United States have started using a groundbreaking facial recognition app designed by Clearview AI, a tech start-up which now plans to market its technology also in Europe. While the Clearview app is an expression of the wider phenomenon of the repurposing of privately held data in the law enforcement context, its use in criminal proceedings is likely to encroach on individuals’ rights in unprecedented ways. Indeed, the Clearview app goes far beyond traditional facial recognition tools. If these have been historically limited to matching government-stored images, Clearview now combines its technology with a database of over three billion images published on the Internet. Against this background, this article will review the use of this new investigative tool in light of the European Union (EU) legal framework on privacy and data protection. The proposed assessment will proceed as follows. Firstly, it will briefly assess the lawfulness of Clearview AI’s data scraping practices under the General Data Protection Regulation. Secondly, it will discuss the transfer of scraped data from the company to EU law enforcement agencies under the regime of the Directive 2016/680/EU (the Directive). Finally, it will analyse the compliance of the Clearview app with art 10 of the Police Directive, which lays down the criteria for lawful processing of biometric data. More specifically, this last analysis will focus on the strict necessity test, as defined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights. Following this assessment, it will be argued that the Clearview app’s use in criminal proceedings is highly problematic in light of the EU legislation on privacy and data protection.

Enforcement of sexual violence law in post-civil conflict societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillienne Haglund ◽  
David L Richards
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Legal Regimes

The climate of impunity in many post-civil conflict societies results in unprecedented levels of violence against women, making legal implementation and law enforcement particularly difficult. We argue that the presence of strong legal provisions mediates the negative influence of the post-civil conflict environment on violence against women. Specifically, we examine the role of strong legal protections on the enforcement of sexual violence legislation in post-civil conflict countries. To examine our hypothesis, we utilize an original dataset measuring the strength and enforcement of domestic legal statutes addressing violence against women for the years 2007–2010 in post-civil conflict countries. We find elements of civil conflict as well as domestic and international legal regimes to be reliably associated with the enforcement of violence against women laws and rape prevalence in post-civil conflict states.

scholarly journals CONTRIBUTION OF THE ROLE OF INDONESIAN IMMIGRATION IN PREVENTING AND PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS AGAINST NON-PROCEDURAL MIGRANT WORKERS (PMI-NP) FROM TRANSNATIONAL CRIMES

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Felix Ferdin Bakker ◽  
Tony Mirwanto
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Work Abroad ◽  
Critical Aspects

Immigration is a law enforcement agency that functions as a public servant. Therefore, as an institution with authority to protect the traffic of people consisting of foreign nationals and Indonesian citizens, immigration policy has a crucial position in carrying out its duties and functions. However, the position of Immigration as a public servant with a human security aspect results in a consequence that must be taken, namely making a policy that balances service and in-depth supervision. Especially for Indonesian migrant workers who will work abroad. So Immigration is obliged to make various surveillance innovations as a contribution in terms of early detection both in terms of policies, regulations, technology, as well as improving the human resources of immigration officers in supervising migrant workers who are leaving, namely following procedures so that in the future it does not cause new problems in particular. Involved and entered into transnational crime both as victims and even perpetrators. This research is based on the writer's concern about the situation of PMI, considering that the migrant sector is one of the critical aspects in facilitating the country's development following the function of Immigration. This study uses a normative juridical method based on literature study materials and comparisons of policies taken with qualitative data. It is hoped that with this research, policy and technological innovation will contribute both legally and socially to the mitigation of the presence of undocumented migrant workers.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Sexual Violence among Adolescents in the Jurisdiction of the West Jakarta National Police Resort and Its Prevention Efforts

FIAT JUSTISIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Dylan Aldianza Ramadhan ◽  
Charina Putri Besila
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Conduct Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
The Public ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
National Police

The writing of this scientific paper examines the lack of legal awareness of the community about sexual violence. This scientific work arose because the author saw that there were still many cases of sexual violence even though there were rules governing the acts of sexual violence. And this scientific work aims to tell the public what factors influence the act of sexual violence still arise and what efforts can be made by the community and law enforcement officials such as the police for this problem and is expected to eliminate the emergence of new sexual violence. The study sample was victims of sexual violence or sexual harassment in the Jakarta Bara police station. Data collection is carried out by interviewing 15 West Jakarta District Police Polres. And also conduct literature studies by looking for sources related to sexual violence. The results of this study suggest that the factors that often underlie the occurrence of sexual violence is a love factor where if the victim refuses to serve the perpetrators things will arise that are undesirable and there are false facts from the recognition of the average perpetrator who was interrogated by the police

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors and Consequences of Sexual Violence in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fenny Etrawati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Optimal Law Enforcement ◽  
The Impact

An increase in cases of sexual violence against children triggers various health problems in children, both physical, psychological and social. This paper aims to explore the sexual violence on children, risk factors and the impact of sexual violence on children. This study of sexual violence in children refers to various empirical literature studies. Furthermore, the collection of information was analyzed using the problem tree analysis approach to find out the risk factors and their impact on children. Cases of sexual violence in the community are difficult to detect because of the lack of recognition from victims. This is because the offender called pedophile comes from within the family (familial abuse) or can come from outside the family environment (extra-familial abuse) who have established close relationships with children. Sexual violence is generally motivated by the problem of weak protection from parents which is also strengthened by socio-economic problems, low access to reproductive health education and less optimal law enforcement. Therefore, children who have experienced sexual violence find it difficult to avoid physical, biological, psychological and social risks. Children who have experienced sexual violence find it difficult to avoid physical, biological, psychological and social risks. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the capacity of parents in the prevention of sexual violence against children and law enforcement needs to complete the system of early detection and rapid response to the incidence of sexual violence against children.

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