Getting Started and Selecting a Topic

This chapter provides guidance on the scientific method, the process of choosing a research area, and methods for narrowing down one’s interests and developing testable hypotheses. The chapter covers how to conduct literature searches, identify key journals and authors, and keep tabs on one’s chosen field of study. The role of theory is also emphasized; theory serves as an organizing set of postulates and ideas about how the various constructs being studied are connected and relate to one another. Readers are guided in establishing lines of research, where one study sets up the next. Important stumbling blocks are covered, including hypotheses that are not specific enough, questions that have already been examined, and literature searches that are either too broad or too narrow.

“O'erwhelmed with noise”: Abject Female Speech in Epicene; or, The Silent Woman

This article discusses Ben Jonson's 1609 play Epicene; or, The Silent Woman, with a particular focus on Morose's excessive solitude and aversion to noise. The article begins by demonstrating how Epicene ostensibly relies on early modern discourses of female speech. The ideal woman of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century conduct literature was silent, a quality inseparable from the associated virtues of chastity and modesty. Morose takes this imperative to its extreme in his search for a bride of “thrifty speech,” who “spends but six words a day” (1.2.28-9). In contrast, excessive female speech is associated with women's proverbial corporeal leakiness, “hermaphroditic” or “epicene” gender, and uncontrolled sexual desire. Above all, the play insists that noisy, desiring, masculine women are a product of the emergent consumer culture located in the city. This raises a contradiction: are women all inherently prone to noisiness, or does female noisiness trouble the boundaries of gender? If women are naturally noisy, what is it about early modern London that, according to the play, exacerbates this? How we understand the nature of noise has profound implications for our reception of Morose. Rather than defining Morose solely in terms of his apparent agoraphobia and miserly character, as earlier criticism tended to do, attention to the ways in which both Morose and Epicene attempt to construct intolerable noise as an innate feature of urban womanhood can illuminate the structure of social abjection at work in policing the boundaries of masculinity and male communities.

Systematic human learning by literature and data mining for feature selection in machine learning

We proposed a learning algorithm for human to conduct literature and data mining for causal factor discovery. The applicability is to select features for a machine learning prediction model, including but not limited to that using real-world, time-varying data from electronic health records. This protocol is relatively quick to find potentially actionable predictors for a clinical prediction while dealing with high dimensionality in big data. However, this protocol might not find a potentially novel cause, since this only exhaustively examines the existing evidences in a single study. The key stages consisted of systematic human learning, causal diagram construction, data preprocessing, causal inference modeling, and development and validation of a prediction model to describe the explainability.

The Ethics and Economics of Middle Class Romance

This article shows the philosophical kinship between Adam Smith and Mary Wollstonecraft on the subject of love. Though the two major 18th century thinkers are not traditionally brought into conversation with each other, Wollstonecraft and Smith share deep moral concerns about the emerging commercial society. As the new middle class continues to grow along with commerce, vanity becomes an ever more common vice among its members. But a vain person is preoccupied with appearance, status, and flattery—things that get in the way of what Smith and Wollstonecraft regard as the deep human connection they variously describe as love, sympathy, and esteem. Commercial society encourages inequality, Smith argues, and Wollstonecraft points out that this inequality is particularly obvious in the relationships between men and women. Men are vain about their wealth, power and status; women about their appearance. Added to this is the fact that most middle class women are both uneducated and encouraged by the conduct literature of their day to be sentimental and irrational. The combined economic and moral considerations of Wollstonecraft and Smith show that there is very little room for love in commercial society as they conceived it.

KETERHUBUNGAN DAN BATASAN ANTARA PERPUSTAKAAN, MASYARAKAT INFORMASI DAN DEMOKRASI

This research was aimed to examine and tries to see the interrelationships and boundaries between the three components of library, information society and democracy in a pilot study. The study of the relationship of democracy as well as its boundaries with the information society and libraries will try to fill in the blanks regarding information that can be filled in to "patch all leaks" and "imperfection for imperfection". This study uses a qualitative method with the aim of knowing the role of library in information society and democracy . Data collection techniques in this study is to conduct literature reviews and experimental concept. The result of this research showed antara perpustakaan, information society has a strong connection to democracy. Democracy is a very broad term and libraries and society are one of its components.

Consumer acceptance of AR Technology in e-commerce in the light of the Covid-19 pandemic: A conceptual perspective

Purpose: The main objective of the chapter is threefold: to conduct literature review, to develop a model of consumer acceptance of augmented reality (AR) in e-commerce, and research hypotheses. The model will emphasize the factors (motives and risks) affecting the acceptance of AR technologies by e-commerce consumers. Design/methodology/approach: The study used inductive research approach whose results will be the key basis for primary research. The main research method was literature review: the meta-synthesis method. Findings: We developed a model of factors influencing the acceptance of AR technology in e-commerce based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2). The following factors were included into the proposed model as predictors of acceptance: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, hedonic motivation, perceived AR risk, privacy risk. Research limitations/implications: The main limitation of this research is its conceptual character. Future research should aim to empirically verify the proposed model. Practical implications: By showing the possibilities and actual acceptance of AR’s use in selected countries, the research might contribute to the development of a set of guidelines for enterprises in the e-commerce branch and, eventually, improve their international competitiveness, e.g. by guiding product and promotion strategies. Originality and value: Based on the literature review, this chapter proposes anovel research model of consumer acceptance of AR in e-commerce, which can be verified in the future research.

Editorial

When I first studied the novel, the form was believed to have originated in the eighteenth century with the fiction of Daniel Defoe, Henry Fielding and Samuel Richardson, and was synonymous with literary realism. The novel emerged from the Age of Reason, was closely associated with journalism, satire and conduct literature, and marked a profound break with the supernatural, fantastic and romance narratives of the past. Its perfect embodiment was to be found in the work of Jane Austen, even today an immensely popular writer, and widely regarded as a defining practitioner of the novel form. This kind of novel was/is in every respect different from Shakespeare: new, ‘novel’, not old; prose, not poetry; narrative, not dramatic; realist, not magical; fictional, not metafictional; and could deal with Shakespeare only as an objective feature of the society and culture being represented.

Review of Phytochemicals and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants to Lower Blood Fat Levels

This review aims to seek information about the phytochemical and pharmacological activities of plants used traditionally to reduce blood lipid levels. The way to find information is to conduct literature studies to find sources or literature in primary data or official books and national and international journals in the last ten years (2010-2020). In doing this review, the search for data using online media with keywords is Phytochemical, Pharmacology, Lowering Blood Fat Levels. Search for the primary references used in this review article's production through trusted websites, namely Google Scholar, Science Direct, NCBI, ResearchGate, and other published and reliable journals. The results show that six herbs are used traditionally to lower blood lipid levels. The six plants contain carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, saponins, polyphenols, quercetin, terpenoids, sterol glycosides, flavonols, and formic acid. These six herbs have been shown to work as anti-hypercholesterolemic agents. Thus, it can be concluded that six plants in Indonesia can be developed into phytopharmaca as anti-hypercholesterolemic drugs.

Analysis of Rural Innovation As An Effort To Improve Community Welfare

In Government Regulation No. 38 of 2017 concerning Regional Innovation, regional innovation aims to improve the performance of local government administration. In order to achieve the objectives as intended, the target of regional innovation is directed at accelerating the realization of public welfare through improving public services, empowerment and community participation and increasing regional competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to describe and explain how innovation in rural areas is carried out and to analyze the factors and impacts of these innovations for each region with various phenomena. This research uses a qualitative approach. The data collection technique used by researchers is to conduct literature studies related to research in order to obtain relevant concepts.can create something better, more functional, easier and such. Where, the innovations carried out by the three districts have distinctive characteristics, are new ideas that have never been published before, carried out in a planned manner, and the various innovations carried out have a purpose, namely to improve quality in various phenomena in accordance with regional characteristics.

Tear fluid collection methods: Review of current techniques

Tear fluid, composed of lipid, aqueous, and mucin layers, contains electrolytes, water, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. Its components may serve as diagnostic indicators of local and systemic diseases. The aim of the study was to conduct literature review in order to identify the current methods of tear collection. The most commonly used method which was relatively easy to perform and allowed to obtain sufficient tear volume for further chemical and physical analysis was selected through PubMed database search for the following keywords: tear sampling, human tears, chemical analysis of tears, physical tear analysis, animal tear sampling. Final criteria of articles selection were: human tears, tear sample collection, chemical and physical analysis of tears. Time of publication of the articles not older than 1995. The analysis of 70 articles revealed that the most common tear fluid collection methods are Schirmer tear strips and capillary tubes. Thus, we recommend the use of Schirmer strips and microcapillary tubes as the cheapest and easiest methods for sampling of tear fluid for further chemical analysis.