scholarly journals Neighbor-enhanced diffusivity in dense, cohesive cell populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009447
Author(s):  
Hyun Gyu Lee ◽  
Kyoung J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Cellular Tissue ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Potts Model ◽  
Collective Dynamic ◽  
Tuning Parameters ◽  
Periodic Rotation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cell Cell

The dispersal or mixing of cells within cellular tissue is a crucial property for diverse biological processes, ranging from morphogenesis, immune action, to tumor metastasis. With the phenomenon of ‘contact inhibition of locomotion,’ it is puzzling how cells achieve such processes within a densely packed cohesive population. Here we demonstrate that a proper degree of cell-cell adhesiveness can, intriguingly, enhance the super-diffusive nature of individual cells. We systematically characterize the migration trajectories of crawling MDA-MB-231 cell lines, while they are in several different clustering modes, including freely crawling singles, cohesive doublets of two cells, quadruplets, and confluent population on two-dimensional substrate. Following data analysis and computer simulation of a simple cellular Potts model, which faithfully recapitulated all key experimental observations such as enhanced diffusivity as well as periodic rotation of cell-doublets and cell-quadruplets with mixing events, we found that proper combination of active self-propelling force and cell-cell adhesion is sufficient for generating the observed phenomena. Additionally, we found that tuning parameters for these two factors covers a variety of different collective dynamic states.

scholarly journals Energetics of mesoscale cell turbulence in two-dimensional monolayers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Zhen Lin ◽  
Wu-Yang Zhang ◽  
Dapeng Bi ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Xi-Qiao Feng
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Boltzmann Distribution ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epithelial Cell Monolayers

AbstractInvestigation of energy mechanisms at the collective cell scale is a challenge for understanding various biological processes, such as embryonic development and tumor metastasis. Here we investigate the energetics of self-sustained mesoscale turbulence in confluent two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayers. We find that the kinetic energy and enstrophy of collective cell flows in both epithelial and non-epithelial cell monolayers collapse to a family of probability density functions, which follow the q-Gaussian distribution rather than the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. The enstrophy scales linearly with the kinetic energy as the monolayer matures. The energy spectra exhibit a power-decaying law at large wavenumbers, with a scaling exponent markedly different from that in the classical 2D Kolmogorov–Kraichnan turbulence. These energetic features are demonstrated to be common for all cell types on various substrates with a wide range of stiffness. This study provides unique clues to understand active natures of cell population and tissues.

Effects of active crowder size and activity-crowding coupling on polymer translocation

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Tan ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Nanrong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Langevin Dynamics ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Polymer Translocation ◽  
Langevin Dynamics Simulation

Polymer translocation in complex environments is crucially important to many biological processes in life. In the present work, we adopted two-dimensional Langevin dynamics simulation to study the forced and unbiased...

scholarly journals The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Shuttles of RNA and Their Clinical Significance as Biomarkers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 902
Author(s):  
Eva Costanzi ◽  
Carolina Simioni ◽  
Gabriele Varano ◽  
Cinzia Brenna ◽  
Ilaria Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Relevant Role

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell–cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo. This review aims to discuss the rising role of EVs and their ncRNAs content in regulating specific aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. We analyze the progress in EV-ncRNAs’ potential clinical applications as important diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for liver conditions.

Dynamic Modeling of Solar Radiation Disturbances Based on a Biomimetic Cloud Shading Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús García ◽  
Iván Portnoy ◽  
Ricardo Vasquez Padilla ◽  
Marco E. Sanjuan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Direct Solar Radiation ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Tuning Parameters ◽  
Radiation Time

Variation in direct solar radiation is one of the main disturbances that any solar system must handle to maintain efficiency at acceptable levels. As known, solar radiation profiles change due to earth's movements. Even though this change is not manipulable, its behavior is predictable. However, at ground level, direct solar radiation mainly varies due to the effect of clouds, which is a complex phenomenon not easily predictable. In this paper, dynamic solar radiation time series in a two-dimensional (2D) spatial domain are obtained using a biomimetic cloud-shading model. The model is tuned and compared against available measurement time series. The procedure uses an objective function based on statistical indexes that allow extracting the most important characteristics of an actual set of curves. Then, a multi-objective optimization algorithm finds the tuning parameters of the model that better fit data. The results showed that it is possible to obtain responses similar to real direct solar radiation transients using the biomimetic model, which is useful for other studies such as testing control strategies in solar thermal plants.

Cell‑cell fusion as an important mechanism of tumor metastasis (Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Chun Peng ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Ying-Ying Meng ◽  
Yan-Fang Liang ◽  
Ying-Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Cell Cell

Plasmonic excitations in two-dimensional materials: effects of structural symmetry and material anisotropy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhui Ding ◽  
Ningning Wang ◽  
Leiming Chen ◽  
Kui Han ◽  
Xiaopeng Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metals ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Material Anisotropy ◽  
Structural Symmetry ◽  
Dipole Resonance ◽  
Higher Order Modes ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Two Dimensional Materials ◽  
Two Factors

Abstract Plasmonics in two-dimensional materials, an emerging direction of nano-optics, has attracted great attention recently, which exhibits unique properties than that in noble metals. Extending its advanced features by different manipulations is very beneficial for its promotion. In this paper, we study plasmonic excitations in graphene and black phosphorus (BP) nanostructures, where the effects of structural symmetry and material anisotropy are discussed. We show that the two factors are crucial to mode excitations, e.g. the extinction can be dominated by higher order modes rather than dipole resonance. The behavior occurs only in the direction hosting larger resonance frequencies, e.g. armchair (AC) direction of BP and shorter side of graphene rectangles. In BP rectangles along AC direction, the two factors are competing, and thus can be applied cooperatively to tune plasmonic resonance, from dipole to higher order excitations. Besides, the manipulation can also be achieved by designing BP square rings, in which the interaction between outer and inner edges show great impact on mode excitations. Our studies further promote the understanding of plasmonics in two-dimensional materials, and will pave the way for particular plasmonic applications.

scholarly journals Functional Roles of O-Glycosylation

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Breloy ◽  
Franz-Georg Hanisch
Keyword(s):  
Protein Conformation ◽  
Cellular Communication ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Targeted Transport ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Cell Cell

O-Glycosylation in general has impact on a diversity of biological processes covering cellular aspects (targeted transport of glycoproteins), molecular aspects (protein conformation, resistance to proteolysis), and aspects involved in cellular communication (cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction). [...]

Turbulence, diffusion and patchiness in the sea

1994 ◽  
Vol 343 (1303) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Approximate Model ◽  
Inertial Subrange ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Interacting Populations ◽  
Terrestrial Environments ◽  
Population Interactions ◽  
Passive Tracers

We explore the role that biological processes play in the patchiness of plankton populations in the sea. We ask how population interactions modify the variance in plankton density as a function of spatial scale (i.e. the variance spectrum) from that expected if the biota were merely passive tracers. Using an approximate model for two limiting cases of turbulence - the inertial subrange and two-dimensional turbulence - we consider a simple predator - prey formulation for interacting populations in a turbulent ocean. No simple generalizations emerge. T he interacting populations ‘redden’ (i.e. more variance at large scale) the spectrum of the passive tracers in the inertial subrange. Conversely, the interaction ‘whitens’ (i.e. less variance at large scale) the passive tracer spectrum for two-dimensional turbulence. This mirrors results in terrestrial environments.

Application of Genetic Algorithm to Prediction of Artery Geometry

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Himeno ◽  
S. Noda ◽  
R. Himeno ◽  
K. Fukasaku
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Curved Artery ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Blood Flow Analysis ◽  
Significant Factors

We used the genetic algorithm (GA) and two-dimensional blood flow analysis to examine the fluid dynamic and engineering factors in multi-objective optimization of blood tubes (vessels). We supposed two factors from fluid dynamics: the wall shear stress (WSS) and the pressure loss, and one materials saving factor: the artery length. As a result, we could get the optimum shapes for each factor. In the case of WSS and artery length, both smoothly curved artery shapes and shapes with bulges were obtained as lower WSS cases. The shapes with bulges were similar to those of aneurysms. In this case, it was found that the WSS increases after the bulge is removed. This means bulges in artery vessel areas with higher WSSs effectively reduce the WSS value. Only the case of WSS and artery length produced a shape like an aneurysm. These results indicate that WSS and artery length are significant factors in determining artery shape.

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