scholarly journals KMWin – A Convenient Tool for Graphical Presentation of Results from Kaplan-Meier Survival Time Analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e38960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnd Gross ◽  
Marita Ziepert ◽  
Markus Scholz
The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Nur ◽  
Aaron L. Holmes ◽  
Geoffrey R. Geupel

AbstractOrnithologists commonly estimate nest survival using the Mayfield method, which produces relatively unbiased estimates provided that key assumptions are met. However, this method cannot statistically model nest failure in relation to quantitative variables, nor can it consider the joint effects of two or more independent variables. We demonstrate the use of an alternative method, survival time analysis. Survival time analysis can incorporate nests that are found at different points in the nesting cycle and nests whose ultimate outcome is unknown. The method allows one to examine variation in nest mortality during the course of the nesting period. To demonstrate this method we analyze data on Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) nests, collected as part of a 3-year monitoring program of shrubsteppe habitat in north-central Oregon. We evaluate nesting success with respect to laying date, nest height, and annual variation in failure rate. We demonstrate three types of analyses: Kaplan-Meier estimation (a nonparametric method), Cox proportional hazards model (a semiparametric method), and Weibull parametric regression. Using these maximum-likelihood methods one can carry out likelihood-ratio tests and Akaike's Information Criterion model selection. The best predictive model included the effects of date and year. Nest failure rate changed during the nesting cycle and was heterogeneous among nests, thus violating assumptions of the Mayfield method. We discuss drawbacks to the use of logistic regression (another Mayfield alternative) to analyze nest success. Estimates of the age of a nesting attempt upon discovery are required for survival time analysis; we encourage ornithologists to collect such information.Uso del Análisis de Tiempo de Sobreviviencia para Analizar el Éxito de Nidificación: Un Ejemplo Utilizando Lanius ludovicianusResumen. Los ornitólogos generalmente utilizan el método de Mayfield para estimar la sobrevivencia de los nidos, un método que produce estimaciones relativamente poco sesgadas siempre y cuando se cumplan sus suposiciones claves. Sin embargo, este método no es capaz de modelar estadísticamente los fracasos de nidificación en relación con variables cuantitativas, ni tampoco puede considerar el efecto conjunto de dos o más variables independientes. Aquí, demostramos el uso de un método alternativo, el análisis de tiempo de sobrevivencia, el cual puede incorporar nidos que son encontrados en diferentes tiempos durante el ciclo de nidificación y también nidos cuyo resultado final es desconocido. El método permite examinar la variación en la mortalidad de nidos durante el transcurso del período de nidificación. Con el fin de demostrar este método, analizamos datos de nidos de Lanius ludovicianus colectados como parte de un programa de monitoreo del hábitat de estepa arbustiva durante un período de 3 años en Oregon nor-central. Evaluamos el éxito de nidificación con respecto a la fecha de puesta, altura del nido y variación anual en la tasa de fracaso. Demostramos tres tipos de análisis: estimación de Kaplan-Meier (un método no paramétrico), modelos de riesgo proporcional de Cox (un método semi paramétrico) y regresión paramétrica de Weibull. Utilizando estos métodos de máxima verosimilitud uno puede seleccionar modelos realizando pruebas de cocientes de verosimilitudes y utilizando el criterio de información de Akaike. El modelo con mayor capacidad predicativa incluyó los efectos de la fecha y el año. La tasa de fracaso de nidos varió durante el ciclo de nidificación y fue heterogénea entre nidos violando así, las suposiciones del método de Mayfield. Discutimos las desventajas del uso de regresiones logísticas (otra alternativa al método de Mayfield) para el análisis del éxito de los nidos. Para el análisis de tiempo de sobreviviencia se requiere la estimación de la edad de un intento de nidificación en el momento de ser descubierto, por lo que sugerimos a los ornitólogos colectar dicha información.


2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Moreno Roca ◽  
Luciana Armijos Acurio ◽  
Ruth Jimbo Sotomayor ◽  
Carlos Céspedes Rivadeneira ◽  
Carlos Rosero Reyes ◽  
...  

Abstract Objectives Pancreatic cancers in most patients in Ecuador are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease, which is associated with lower survival. To determine the characteristics and global survival of pancreatic cancer patients in a social security hospital in Ecuador between 2007 and 2017. Methods A retrospective cohort study and a survival analysis were performed using all the available data in the electronic clinical records of patients with a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in a Hospital of Specialties of Quito-Ecuador between 2007 and 2017. The included patients were those coded according to the ICD 10 between C25.0 and C25.9. Our univariate analysis calculated frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion. Through the Kaplan-Meier method we estimated the median time of survival and analyzed the difference in survival time among the different categories of our included variables. These differences were shown through the log rank test. Results A total of 357 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 2007 and 2017 were included in the study. More than two-thirds (69.9%) of the patients were diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The median survival time for all patients was of 4 months (P25: 2, P75: 8). Conclusions The statistically significant difference of survival time between types of treatment is the most relevant finding in this study, when comparing to all other types of treatments.


2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-617
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal

Cox regression model have been used to estimate proportion hazard model for patients with hepatitis disease recorded in Gastrointestinal and Hepatic diseases Hospital in Iraq for (2002 -2005). Data consists of (age, gender, survival time terminal stat). A Kaplan-Meier method has been applied to estimate survival function and hazerd function.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liling Deng ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Huan Xu ◽  
Yuanmei Li ◽  
Mingyan Deng ◽  
...  

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of Snail, galectin-3, and IGF1R in benign and malignant pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) and explore their role in the diagnosis of malignant PPGL. Methods. We retrospectively collected and analyzed surgical tumor tissue from 226 patients initially diagnosed with PPGL who underwent surgery from Jan. 2009 to Jan. 2016 at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. We observed and quantified the expression of Snail, galectin-3, and IGF1R in paraffin-embedded samples by immunohistochemical staining. Results. The significant difference in survival time among the three groups (benign PHEO, benign PGL, and potentially malignant PPGL) was compared by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The positive staining of Snail, galectin-3, and IGF1R in the benign PHEO group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survival plots indicated that the survival time of the patients with intense positive staining was significantly lower than that of the patients with weak positive staining. Conclusion. The intense expression of Snail, galectin-3, and IGF1R may be valuable indicators for the diagnosis of malignant PPGL.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesper Ryg ◽  
Henriette Engberg ◽  
Pavithra Laxsen Anru ◽  
Solvejg Gram Henneberg Pedersen ◽  
Martin Gronbech Jorgensen ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Predicting expected survival time in acutely hospitalised older patients is a clinical challenge. Objective To examine if activities of daily living (ADL) assessed by Barthel-Index-100 (Barthel-Index) at hospital admission adds useful information to clinicians on expected survival time in older patients. Methods A nationwide population-based cohort study was used. All patients aged ≥65 years in the National Danish Geriatric Database from 2005 to 2014 were followed up until death, emigration or study termination (31 December 2015). Individual data were linked to national health registers. Barthel-Index was categorised into five-point subcategories with a separate category of Barthel-Index = 0. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to assess crude survival proportions (95% CI) and Cox regression to examine association of Barthel-Index and mortality adjusting for age, Charlson comorbidity index, medication use, BMI, marital status, prior hospitalisations and admission year. Results In total, 74,589 patients (63% women) aged (mean (SD)) 82.5(7.5) years with Barthel-Index (median (IQR)) 54(29-77) were included. In patients with Barthel-Index = 100-96 crude survival was 0.96(0.95-0.97) after 90-days, 0.88(0.87-0.89) after 1-year, and 0.79(0.78-0.80) after 2-years. Corresponding survival in patients with Barthel-Index = 0 was 0.49(0.47-0.51), 0.35(0.34-0.37) and 0.26(0.24-0.27). Decreasing Barthel-Index was associated with increasing mortality in the multivariable analysis. In women with Barthel-Index = 0, the mortality risk (HR (95% CI)) was 14.74(11.33-19.18) after 90-days, 8.40(7.13-9.90) after 1-year and 6.22(5.47-7.07) after 2-years using Barthel-Index = 100-96 as reference. In men, the corresponding risks were 11.36(8.81-14.66), 6.22(5.29-7.31) and 5.22(4.56-5.98). Conclusions ADL measured by Barthel-Index provides useful, easily accessible and independent information to clinicians on expected survival time in patients admitted to a geriatric department.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Yin ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Xiangling Sun ◽  
Ruili Li ◽  
Cuihua Feng ◽  
...  

Background. We investigated the efficacy of TILs and anti-PD1 combination therapy in patients with metastatic cervical cancer with low MSI expression and PDL1-negative. Methods. A total of 80 patients were put on TILs and anti-PD1 combination therapy, and the progression-free survival time (PFS) and overall survival time (OS) were assessed by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors that could predict the prognosis of metastatic cervical cancer in the previously described patients. Results. The objective response rate was 25%, whereas the mPFS and mOS were 6.1 and 11.3 months, respectively. The therapeutic efficacy was influenced by the characteristics of TILs, infection with HPV, and development of fever just after the therapy. Conclusion. Overall, our results show that the combination therapy of TILs and anti-PD1 significantly improves the prognosis of metastatic cervical cancer.


1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
W McGuire ◽  
A I Neugut ◽  
S Arikian ◽  
J Doyle ◽  
C M Dezii

PURPOSE A phase III trial by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) provides strong evidence that a new alternative therapy--paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, NJ) in combination with cisplatin (Platinol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co)--is clinically more effective than the standard therapy using cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co) in combination with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. We conducted a pharmacoeconomic analysis to determine whether the alternative paclitaxel-cisplatin (TP) therapy is cost-effective (CE) in comparison to standard cyclophosphamide-cisplatin (CP) therapy. METHODS Using an economic model, we applied cost data figures to resource utilization data derived from the two arms of the GOG trial. We examined paclitaxel benefits in terms of increased mean survival time, as well as median survival time. Estimates of the cumulative proportion surviving in the trial were based on Kaplan-Meier procedures. RESULTS Per year of life gained (YLG), TP therapy costs more ($19,820 more for inpatient treatment; $21,222 outpatient) than CP treatment. CONCLUSION The TP regimen's increased mean survival cost per YLG (inpatient and outpatient settings) adds a substantial benefit at an acceptable cost compared with CP therapy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Alavi-Moghaddam ◽  
Mohammad Chehrazi ◽  
Shamila D. Alipoor ◽  
Maryam Mohammadi ◽  
Alireza Baratloo ◽  
...  

Introduction. miRNAs contribute to a variety of essential biological processes including development, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Circulating microRNAs are very stable and have shown potential as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. microRNA-208b expression was increased in the blood of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and has been proposed as a biomarker for early diagnosis. In this pilot study, we investigate the potential of circulating miR-208b as a prognostic biomarker of 6-month survival in AMI patients. Methods. Plasma samples from 21 patients and 8 age- and gender-matched healthy adults were collected, and circulating levels of miR-208b were detected using quantitative real-time PCR. Results. miR-208b levels were higher in healthy control subjects (9.6-fold; P≤0.05). Within the AMI patients, the levels of miR-208b were significantly lower in the survivor versus nonsurvivor group (fold change = 6.51 and 14.1, resp.; P≤0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that the 6-month survival time was significantly higher among AMI patients with a relative expression of miR-208b lower than 12.38. The hazard ratio (HR) for the relative expression of miR-208b (<12.38 was the reference) was 5.08 (95% CI: 1.13–22.82; P=0.03). Conclusion. Our results showed that elevated miR-208b expression was associated with reduced long-term survival in AMI patients. These pilot data indicate the need for a large follow-up study to confirm whether miR-208b can be used as a predictor of 6-month survival time after AMI.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document