scholarly journals Chlorophyll content and fluorescence as physiological parameters for monitoring Orobanche foetida Poir. infection in faba bean

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0241527
Author(s):  
Moez Amri ◽  
Zouhaier Abbes ◽  
Imen Trabelsi ◽  
Michel Edmond Ghanem ◽  
Rachid Mentag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Selection Of

Orobanche spp. are root parasitic plants that cause yield losses in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). In Tunisia, O. crenata and O. foetida are among the major problems limiting faba bean production and productivity. Breeding for resistance and development of resistant varieties remain the most efficient control strategy to combat these parasites. In our study, field trials were conducted over two consecutive cropping seasons. A set of 42 genotypes were used in this study; 39 advanced lines and three checks; Najeh and Baraca (resistant) and Badi (susceptible). The trials were conducted in highly infested O. foetida plot at Oued-Beja Research Station in Tunisia. Results showed that advanced lines XAR-VF00.13-1-2-1-2-1 and XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A expressed high resistance level exceeding those recorded for resistance checks Najeh and Baraca. O. foetida significantly affected the biomass, grain yield, chlorophyll content index (CCI) and the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio). No significant effect was observed on host plant water content (WC). CCI decreases varied from 46.4% for the susceptible check Badi and 4.2% and 9.3%, respectively, for Baraca and XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A. Orobanche parasitism resulted in a slight decreases of Fv/Fm ratio for the advanced lines XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A and XAR-VF00.13-1-2-1-2-1 against important decreases observed for Badi and Baraca. Correlation between resistance to O. foetida and CCI and Fv/Fm makes this, easy-to-measure, parameter very useful as a practical screening tool for early parasitism detection, diagnosis and identification and selection of high resistant plants against this parasite.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence as physiological parameters for monitoring Orobanche foetida Poir. infestation on faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moez Amri ◽  
Zouhaier Abbes ◽  
Imen Trabelsi ◽  
Michel Edmond Ghanem ◽  
Rachid Mentag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Content Index ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn total, 39 faba bean (Vicia faba L.) advanced lines were evaluated for resistance to broomrape Orobanche foetida under highly infested field conditions. The trials were conducted during two consecutive copping seasons at Oued-Beja Research Station in Tunisia. The advanced lines XAR-VF00.13-1-2-1-2-1 and XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A expressed high resistance level to O. foetida exceeding those recorded for resistance checks Najeh and Baraca. Results showed that O. foetida significantly affected the biomass, grain yield, chlorophyll content index (CCI) and the maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio). No significant effect of O. foetida parasitism was observed on host plant water content (WC). O. foetida parasitism significantly affected both CCI and Fv/Fm ratio. CCI decreases varied from 46.4% for the susceptible check Badi and 4.2% and 9.3% observed for the genotypes Baraca and XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A. Compared to susceptible check, slight decreases of Fv/Fm ratio were observed for both advanced lines XBJ90.04-2-3-1-1-1-2A and XAR-VF00.13-1-2-1-2-1. Correlation between CCI and Fv/Fm with the resistance to broomrape makes this, easy-to-measure, parameter very useful as a practical screening tool for early parasitism detection, diagnosis and identification and selection of high resistant plants against this pathogen.

scholarly journals Lixus algirus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): biology, population fluctuation, infestation as affected by varieties, location, and planting dates in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ait Taadaouit ◽  
K. El Fakhouri ◽  
A. Sabraoui ◽  
L. Rohi ◽  
M. El Bouhssini
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The stem borer, Lixus algirus L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the major insect pest of faba bean in the Mediterranean region. This study investigates the field biology and fluctuation of L. algirus at Douyet research Station in Morocco during two cropping seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 using two local faba bean varieties. The influence of sowing dates and varieties on the damage caused by L. algirus was investigated over different locations and seasons using a split-plot design. The overwintering adults appear in the field from February by feeding over the leaves of faba bean plants. Eggs are laid from Mid-February through late April and mostly during March. The egg peak ranged from 0.75 to 1.1 eggs per plant. The number of larvae increases during March and peaked in April. The larval peaks ranged between 0.45 to 1.5 larvae per plant. The larval development takes an average of 42 days. Pupation lasts about 21 days within stems. Adults emerged in early June. Life cycle duration was 80 days. One generation of L. algirus was recorded on faba bean varieties in Morocco. The mean number of eggs showed a positive correlation with total rainfall. The number of pupae and relative humidity was negatively correlated. Peach and almond leaves were the most preferred by the newely emerged L. algirus adult during the summer and early autumn period. Planting dates did not affect L. algirus infestation levels over all varieties tested and locations.

Aphids do not avoid resistance in Australian lupin (Lupinus angustifolius, L. luteus) varieties

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.R. Edwards ◽  
T.J. Ridsdill-Smith ◽  
F.A. Berlandier
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractLaboratory bioassays and field trials were used to characterize resistance to three aphid species (Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji, Aphis craccivora (Koch) in two aphid-resistant varieties (Kalya, Tanjil) and one susceptible variety (Tallerack) of Lupinus angustifolius L., and in one resistant variety (Teo) and one susceptible variety (Wodjil) of L. luteus L. Host selection tests in the glasshouse showed that alates of all three species preferred L. luteus to L. angustifolius, but provided no evidence that alates selected susceptible varieties over resistant. These results were supported by a field trial, which showed no difference in the number of colonizing A. kondoi alates collected from the resistant and susceptible lines of each lupin species, but there were significantly more late-instar nymphs and apterous adults on the susceptible lines. In laboratory host suitability experiments, there was much greater suppression of aphid growth and survival on Teo than on Kalya and Tanjil. In field trials, the numbers of aphids were generally lower on resistant compared to susceptible lines of both lupin species with one notable exception: M. persicae numbers were not lower on the resistant variety Tanjil compared to the susceptible variety Tallerack (L. angustifolius). These results suggest that the resistance mechanisms in both lupin species do not affect the selection of hosts by colonizing aphids, but rather are affecting the growth, survival and possibly reproduction of aphids after settling.

Iron Deficiency Chlorosis and Seed Yield in Dry Edible Beans Grown on High-pH Calcareous Soils

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 444f-445
Author(s):  
J.W. Gonzales ◽  
D.P. Coyne ◽  
W.W. Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Iron Deficiency Chlorosis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Ph ◽  
The Third ◽  
Content Index

Iron deficiency chlorosis (FeDC) can cause significant seed yield reduction in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown on high-pH calcareous soils. To determine the effects of FeDC on seed yield, and the effect of Fe-spray as a correction factor for FeDC, 22 breeding lines/cultivars were planted on high-pH (8.0), calcareous (3.2–3.5 calcium carbonate equivalent), and low-Fe (1.8–4.2 ppm DTPA) sandy clay loam Tripp soils at Mitchell and Scottsbluff in western Nebraska. A split-plot design was used with Fe treatments as main plots and breeding lines/cultivars as subplots. Three foliar sprays of Fe-EDDHA (2.4 kg·ha–1) were applied at V4, R5, and R7 dry bean growth stages, during 1996 and 1997. Leaf chlorosis was measured simultaneously by using a Minolta Chroma-meter (CIE L* a* b* color space system), a Minolta Chlorophyll-meter (chlorophyll content index), and by visual ratings (1 = normal green to 5 = severe chlorosis). In 1996 no significant Fe-spray × line interaction (P = 0.776) and Fe-spray effect (P = 0.884) on seed yield was observed. Breeding lines showed significant differences in seed yield (P = 0.0001) with WM2-96-5 being the highest-yielding line (4047 kg·ha–1). In 1997 a significant Fe spray × line interaction (P = 0.029) was observed. The cultivar Chase without Fe spray (3375 kg·ha–1), and lines WM2-96-5 (3281 kg·ha–1), WM2-96-8 (3171 kg·ha–1) with Fe spray were the highest yielding entries under those treatments. Differences in visual ratings after the third Fe spray in 1997 were significant (P = 0.004) for Fe spray × line interaction. In 1996 visual ratings were different only for breeding lines. Chlorophyll content index showed a significant Fe spray × line interaction after the second Fe spray (P = 0.022) and after the third Fe spray (P = 0.0003) in 1997.

scholarly journals Potassium Application Positively Modulates Physiological Responses of Cocoa Seedlings to Drought Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Esther Anokye ◽  
Samuel T. Lowor ◽  
Jerome A. Dogbatse ◽  
Francis K. Padi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Soil Water Stress

With increasing frequency and intensity of dry spells in the cocoa production zones of West Africa, strategies for mitigating impact of water stress on cocoa seedling survival are urgently required. We investigated the effects of applied potassium on biomass accumulation, physiological processes and survival of cocoa varieties subjected to water stress in pot experiments in a gauzehouse facility. Four levels of potassium (0, 1, 2, or 3 g/plant as muriate of potash) were used. Soil water stress reduced plant biomass accumulation (shoot and roots), relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content and fluorescence. Leaf phenol and proline contents were increased under water stress. Additionally, compared to the well-watered conditions, soils under water stress treatments had higher contents of exchangeable potassium and available phosphorus at the end of the experimental period. Potassium applied under well-watered conditions reduced leaf chlorophyll content and fluorescence and increased leaf electrolyte leakage, but improved the growth and integrity of physiological functions under soil water stress. Potassium addition increased biomass partitioning to roots, improved RWC and leaf membrane stability, and significantly improved cocoa seedling survival under water stress. Under water stress, the variety with the highest seedling mortality accumulated the highest contents of phenol and proline. A significant effect of variety on plant physiological functions was observed. Generally, varieties with PA 7 parentage had higher biomass partitioning to roots and better seedling survival under soil moisture stress. Proportion of biomass partitioned to roots, RWC, chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf electrolyte leakage appear to be the most reliable indicators of cocoa seedling tolerance to drought.

scholarly journals Seed Yam Production Using High-Quality Minitubers Derived from Plants Established with Vine Cuttings

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Beatrice Aighewi ◽  
Norbert Maroya ◽  
Lava Kumar ◽  
Morufat Balogun ◽  
Daniel Aihebhoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Research Station ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Set Up

Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a valuable food security crop in West Africa, where 92% of the world production occurs. The availability of quality seed tubers for increased productivity is a major challenge. In this study, minitubers weighing 1, 3, and 5 g produced from virus-free single-node vine cuttings of two improved yam varieties (Asiedu and Kpamyo) growing in an aeroponics system were assessed for suitability in seed production at a population of 100,000 plants ha−1. A 3 × 2 factorial experiment with randomized complete block design and three replications was set up during the cropping seasons of 2017 to 2019 at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Research Station in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria. Results showed field establishments of 87%–97.8%. Yields differed with minituber size, variety, and cropping season; the highest was 31.2 t ha−1 in 2019 and the lowest, 10 t ha−1 in 2018 from 5 and 1 g Kpamyo minitubers, respectively. The estimated number of tubers produced per hectare by 1, 3, and 5 g minitubers was 101,296, 112,592, and 130,555, with mean weights per stand of 159.2, 187.3, and 249.4 g, respectively. We recommend using less than 6 g minitubers for seed yam production due to their high multiplication rates.

scholarly journals Development of a Colorimetric Sensor for Autonomous, Networked, Real-Time Application

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5857
Author(s):  
Brandy J. Johnson ◽  
Anthony P. Malanoski ◽  
Jeffrey S. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Broad Area ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
Environmental Air ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Real Time Application ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Event Occurrence

This review describes an ongoing effort intended to develop wireless sensor networks for real-time monitoring of airborne targets across a broad area. The goal is to apply the spectrophotometric characteristics of porphyrins and metalloporphyrins in a colorimetric array for detection and discrimination of changes in the chemical composition of environmental air samples. The work includes hardware, software, and firmware design as well as development of algorithms for identification of event occurrence and discrimination of targets. Here, we describe the prototype devices and algorithms related to this effort as well as work directed at selection of indicator arrays for use with the system. Finally, we review the field trials completed with the prototype devices and discuss the outlook for further development.

scholarly journals Selection of cotton lines for high oil content

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 530-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo de Carvalho ◽  
Josiane Isabela da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco José Correia Farias
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the oil content and characters related to fiber quality and yield in cotton lines (Gossypium hirsutum), in order to select genotypes with high oil content and acceptable levels of the other characters. Twenty-two F6 lines and three checks were cultivated in three field trials - two in the municipality of Apodi, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and one in the municipality of Barbalha, in the state of Ceará, both in Brazil. The genetic parameters and the genetic gain from selecting 20% of the lines were estimated according to their means in each environment and in the group of environments. Regarding oil content, there is genetic variability, and the selection based on the overall mean is indicated, since this character showed high heritability, with 4.58% expected gain. The lines selected with this criterion have oil contents between 23.52 and 24.51%, which are higher than those of the Brazilian cultivar BRS Aroeira with the highest grain oil content (22.04%).

Geotextiles to Mitigate Frost Effects in Soils: A Critical Review

1996 ◽  
Vol 1534 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Karen S. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Capillary Barrier ◽  
Subgrade Soil ◽  
Capillary Barriers ◽  
Geotechnical Structures ◽  
Barrier Performance ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Selection Of

The use of geotextiles to mitigate frost effects in soils has been studied, but few techniques have been developed. Guidelines developed for the placement of granular capillary barriers are presented to serve as preliminary guidelines for geotextile capillary barriers. Laboratory research shows that pore size distribution, wettability, and, for some geotextiles, thickness influence capillary barrier performance in a given soil. Geotextiles that easily wet do not reduce frost heave and may even exacerbate it. On the basis of the literature reviewed, guidance for selection of geotextile capillary barriers in field trials is given. If geotextiles function as capillary barriers during freezing and reinforce or separate and filter the subgrade at the base course interface during thaw, then the potential exists for their use in a combination of functions to reduce frost-related damage in geotechnical structures. It was found that properly designed geotextiles have the potential to reduce frost heave by functioning as capillary barriers, they can be filters for capillary barriers, and they can provide reinforcement or separation or filtration (or all of these) of the subgrade soil to reduce thaw-related damage.

Diapause initiation and incidence in the millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): the role of the host plant

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.B. Tanzubil ◽  
G.W.K. Mensah ◽  
A.R. McCaffery
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Coniesta Ignefusalis ◽  
Larval Diapause ◽  
Diapause Incidence

The role of the host plant in the development of larval diapause in the millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis (Hampson) was investigated in northern Ghana in 1996 and 1997. Surveys conducted in farmers' fields in the Guinea and Sudan savannah revealed that of all the upland cereals grown, the insect survived the dry season only in stalks and stubble of pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum and late sorghum, Sorghum bicolor. This observation was confirmed by results from field trials conducted at the Manga Research Station. In these studies, C. ignefusalis larvae entered diapause only in late millet and late sorghum, with a higher incidence in the former. The insect neither attacked nor entered diapause in maize planted during the same period as the other crops. Results from controlled experiments showed that diapause incidence in the preferred host, millet, was higher in older than in younger plants, suggesting that host plant maturation is a key factor influencing the development of larval diapause in C. ignefusalis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document