scholarly journals Laboratory correlates of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in a nationwide sample of patients on dialysis in the U.S.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249466
Author(s):  
Shuchi Anand ◽  
Maria E. Montez-Rath ◽  
Jialin Han ◽  
Pablo Garcia ◽  
Julie Bozeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

Patients on dialysis are at high risk for death due to COVID-19, yet a significant proportion do survive as evidenced by presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 8% of patients in the U.S. in July 2020. It is unclear whether patients with seropositivity represent the subgroup with robust health status, who would be more likely to mount a durable antibody response. Using data from a July 2020 sample of 28,503 patients receiving dialysis, we evaluated the cross-sectional association of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity with laboratory surrogates of patient health. In separate logistic regression models, we assessed the association of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity with seven laboratory-based covariates (albumin, creatinine, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone), across the entire range of the laboratory and in comparison to a referent value. Models accounted for age, sex, region, race and ethnicity, and county-level COVID-19 deaths per 100,000. Odds of seropositivity for albumin 3 and 3.5 g/dL were 2.1 (95% CI 1.9–2.3) and 1.3 (1.2–1.4) respectively, compared with 4 g/dL. Odds of seropositivity for serum creatinine 5 and 8 mg/dL were 1.8 (1.6–2.0) and 1.3 (1.2–1.4) respectively, compared with 12.5 mg/dL. Lower values of hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone were associated with higher odds of seropositivity. Laboratory values associated with poorer health status and higher risk for mortality were also associated with higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients receiving dialysis.

scholarly journals Lack of Social Support and Its Role on Self-Perceived Health in a Representative Sample of Spanish Adults. Another Aspect of Gender Inequality

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1502
Author(s):  
Julia Wärnberg ◽  
Napoleón Pérez-Farinós ◽  
María Julia Ajejas-Bazán ◽  
Jéssica Pérez-López ◽  
Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Using Data

Self-perceived health has been used as a good estimator of health status and receiving affection can be a determining factor for good self-perceived health. The aim of the present study was to assess whether lack of social support (measured through Duke scale, which ranges from 11 to 55) was associated with poorer health status measured as self-perceived health, and whether that association was different between women and men. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey. A descriptive study was performed, and logistic regression models were applied using self-perceived health as a dependent variable. Mean Duke score was 47.6 for men and 47.9 for women (p = 0.016). Moreover, 36.3% of women and 27.6% of men reported poor self-perceived health (p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that lower scores in Duke-UNC social support scale were associated with poorer health status. That association was higher in women than in men. Poor self-perceived health was also associated with low level of education and obesity, especially among women. There was gender inequality as regards health status associated with lack of social support. These results can help design prevention strategies to improve health.

scholarly journals POWER LAWS IN REAL ESTATE PRICES DURING BUBBLE PERIODS

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 61-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAAKI OHNISHI ◽  
TAKAYUKI MIZUNO ◽  
CHIHIRO SHIMIZU ◽  
TSUTOMU WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Power Law ◽  
House Price ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Real Estate Prices ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The U.S

How can we detect real estate bubbles? In this paper, we propose making use of information on the cross-sectional dispersion of real estate prices. During bubble periods, prices tend to go up considerably for some properties, but less so for others, so that price inequality across properties increases. In other words, a key characteristic of real estate bubbles is not the rapid price hike itself but a rise in price dispersion. Given this, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether developments in the dispersion in real estate prices can be used to detect bubbles in property markets as they arise, using data from Japan and the U.S. First, we show that the land price distribution in Tokyo had a power-law tail during the bubble period in the late 1980s, while it was very close to a lognormal before and after the bubble period. Second, in the U.S. data we find that the tail of the house price distribution tends to be heavier in those states which experienced a housing bubble. We also provide evidence suggesting that the power-law tail observed during bubble periods arises due to the lack of price arbitrage across regions.

Support for cigarette filter waste policies among US adults

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056451
Author(s):  
Minal Patel ◽  
Alison F Cuccia ◽  
Shanell Folger ◽  
Adam F Benson ◽  
Donna Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Cigarette Butts ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionLittle is known on whether cigarette filter-related knowledge or beliefs are associated with support for policies to reduce their environmental impact.MethodsA cross-sectional, population-based sample of US adults aged 18–64 years (n=2979) was used to evaluate filter-related knowledge and beliefs by smoking status using data collected between 24 October 2018 and 17 December 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models explored whether these knowledge and belief items were associated with support for two policies, a US$0.75 litter fee and a ban on sales of filtered cigarettes, controlling for demographic characteristics and smoking status.ResultsRegardless of smoking status, 71% did not know plastic was a cigarette filter component and 20% believed filters were biodegradable. Overall, 23% believed filters reduce health harms and 60% believed filters make it easier to smoke; 90% believed cigarette butts are harmful to the environment. Individuals believing cigarette butts harmed the environment were more likely to support a litter fee (adjusted OR (aOR)=2.33, 95% CI: 1.71 to 3.17). Individuals believing that filters are not biodegradable had higher odds of supporting a litter fee (OR=1.47, 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.88). Respondents believing that filters do not make cigarettes less harmful were more likely to support a litter fee (aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.88) and filter ban (aOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.50). Belief that filters make it easier to smoke was associated with decreased support for a filter ban (aOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.83).ConclusionsComprehensive efforts are needed to educate the public about the impact of cigarette filters in order to build support for effective tobacco product waste policy.

scholarly journals Health Status of School Going Children: A Cross sectional study in urban area of Jhalawar District, Rajasthan

Healthline ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Manish Jain ◽  
Mayank Jain ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Kapil Garg ◽  
Asif A Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The school going age is a formative period, both physically as well as mentally. Poor health status in school aged children is among the causes of poor class performance and high absenteeism. Objectives: to assess the health and nutritional status of the school going children in urban area and to determine the association of health problems with age and gender. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in government schools of urban field practice area of tertiary care institute, Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Study was carried out among 2193 students in four government schools. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire was used for collection of data on socio-demographic characters and their health profile. A detailed clinical examination was done from head to toe for every child. Weight and height were measured. Data was entered into the Microsoft Excel 10. Chi square test of significance was used for statistical analysis. Results: Most common health problem was dental caries (15.0%) followed by refractive errors (13.1%) and pallor (12.6%). Proportions of pallor and refractive error were significantly increased with increase in age of study participants. 16.8% of the students were found to be having thinness. Moderate stunting was present in 7.3% students. Conclusion: Dental caries, refractive errors and pallor were the common morbidities. A significant proportion of school children were undernourished.

Race/Ethnic Variations in Predictors of Health Consciousness Within the Cancer Prevention Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-746
Author(s):  
Lucinda Nevarez ◽  
Shelly R. Hovick ◽  
Kimberly R. Enard ◽  
Stacy M. Lloyd ◽  
Lee Ann Kahlor
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Consciousness ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: Although the literature establishes a link between health consciousness (HC) and prevention behavior, less explored are the individual, social, and health characteristics that are associated with increased HC. Similarly, underexamined is the influence of race and ethnicity on the relationship of these characteristics to higher levels of HC. Design: This cross-sectional study aims to identify and assess the relative importance of factors associated with higher levels of HC, highlighting the role of race and ethnicity. Participants: Participants came from a national research panel survey (N = 1007). Measures: Participants completed a 4-item scale capturing key concepts of HC as well as questionnaires capturing demographic profiles, social support, social networking activities, and health status. Analysis: A stepwise multiple regression was used to identify significant predictors of HC. Results: Female and more educated participants report higher levels of HC. African American and Hispanic participants report higher levels of HC compared to white participants. Findings indicate social support, social network participation, education, cancer survivorship, and health status were positively associated with higher HC for the collective sample. However, results revealed variations in factors associated with higher HC when stratified by race/ethnicity. Conclusion: Findings suggest that interventions aiming to motivate cancer prevention behaviors within at-risk communities may find more success by incorporating factors that are aligned with increased HC among culturally diverse populations.

scholarly journals Combined impact of healthy lifestyle factors on risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in school children: ISAAC phase III

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Morales ◽  
David Strachan ◽  
Innes Asher ◽  
Philippa Ellwood ◽  
Neil Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
International Study ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Lifestyle Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Asthma And Allergy ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Modifiable Lifestyle Factors

BackgroundAsthma is not the key focus of prevention strategies. A Healthy Lifestyle Index (HLI) was developed to examine the combined effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema using data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase III.MethodsInformation on symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema and several lifestyle factors was obtained from children aged 6–7 years through written questionnaires. The HLI combined five lifestyle factors: no parental smoking, child’s adherence to Mediterranean diet, child’s healthy body mass index, high physical activity and non-sedentary behaviour. The association between the HLI and risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema was evaluated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models.FindingsData of 70 795 children from 37 centres in 19 countries were analysed. Each additional healthy lifestyle factor was associated with a reduced risk of current wheeze (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.89), asthma ever (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.87 to 0.92), current symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.97) and current symptoms of eczema (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.98). Theoretically, if associations were causal, a combination of four or five healthy lifestyle factors would result into a reduction up to 16% of asthma cases (ranging from 2.7% to 26.3 % according to region of the world).ConclusionsThese findings should be interpreted with caution given the limitations to infer causality from cross-sectional observational data. Efficacy of interventions to improve multiple modifiable lifestyle factors to reduce the burden asthma and allergy in childhood should be assessed.

scholarly journals Contemporary perceptions of human papillomavirus and penile cancer: Perspectives from a national survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Zavaski ◽  
Julian Hanske ◽  
Björn Löppenberg ◽  
Alexander P. Cole ◽  
Nawar Hanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Penile Cancer ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Primary Care Providers ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Insurance Status ◽  
The U.S

Introduction: We aimed to assess the contemporary knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) and its association with penile cancer in a nationwide cohort from the U.S. Methods: We used the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a cross-sectional telephone survey performed in the U.S. initiated by the National Cancer Institute. The most recent iteration, HINTS 4 Cycle 4, was conducted in mail format between August 19 and November 17, 2014. Primary endpoints included knowledge of HPV and its causal relationship to penile cancer. Baseline characteristics included sex, age, education, race and ethnicity, income, residency, personal or family history of cancer, health insurance status, and internet use. Multivariable logistic regression assessed predictors of HPV and penile cancer knowledge. Results: An unweighted sample of 3376 respondents was extracted from the HINTS 4, Cycle 4. Whereas 64.4% of respondents had heard of HPV, only 29.5% of these were aware that it could cause penile cancer. Men were significantly less likely to have heard of HPV than women (odds ratio [OR] 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24–0.43). Older age; African-American, Asian, and “other race”; being married; from a lower education bracket; having a personal cancer history; and those without internet access were significantly less likely to have heard of HPV. None of our examined variables were independent predictors for the knowledge of the association of penile cancer and HPV. Conclusions: Our analysis of a large, nationally representative survey demonstrates that the majority of the American public is familiar with HPV, but lack a meaningful understanding between this virus and penile cancer. Primary care providers and specialists should be encouraged to intensify counselling about this significant association as a primary preventive measure of this potentially fatal disease.

Determinants of Self-Perceived Changes in Health Status Among Pre- and Early-Retirement Populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namkee G. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the 1992 and 1994 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this study described reasons reported by pre- and early-retirement populations for perceived changes in global health status over a 2-year period. It then analyzed the association between self-perceptions of change and the actual changes in objective health conditions, controlling for demographics, emotional health status, and the changes in work status and health-affecting habits. The results were compared to the determinants of self-ratings of health at wave 2. Existing or increasing impairments in functional abilities were found to contribute to self-perceptions of decline. However, a diagnosis of new chronic disease and the experience of a major medical event per se did not universally contribute to self-perception of decline. The relationship between cross-sectional self-ratings of health and objective health conditions was more straightforward. Self-perception of improvement among people with serious health problems most likely owed to medical interventions and improvement in symptoms, the most frequently mentioned reasons for perceived improvement, and reflected the subjects' selective optimization and resiliency.

Prevalence, and social and health correlates of insomnia among persons 15 years and older in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Peltzer ◽  
Supa Pengpid
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

The study aims to investigate the prevalence, and social and health correlates of insomnia symptoms in a national population sample in South Africa. Data were analysed from the cross-sectional ‘South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1)’ 2012, using a sample of 15,133 individuals (mean age = 36.9, SD = 16.5). Measures included information on insomnia, sociodemographics, health status, health risk behaviour, and mental health. Results indicate that the overall prevalence of insomnia symptoms was 7.1%, with 3.5% among 15- to 24-year-olds and 20.5% among 65 years and older participants. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, poorer health status (self-rated health, functional disability and cognitive impairment), having bodily pain, having experienced three or more traumatic events, and having psychological distress and partial Posttraumatic Stress Disorder were positively associated with insomnia. A significant proportion of South Africans have insomnia symptoms and several risk factors were identified that can help in guiding interventions.

The Effects of Exposure to Domestic Violence on Sleep Among Urban Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110384
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Schober ◽  
Susana Shrestha ◽  
Jessica C. Bishop-Royse
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Abused ◽  
Potential Contributor ◽  
Urban Adults ◽  
Witnessing Domestic Violence

Purpose: Domestic violence contributes to poor health including sleep disruptions, which has been associated with risk for chronic conditions and ultimately, premature mortality. The present study examined the effects of ever witnessing domestic violence on sleep among urban neighborhoods of color. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Ten of Chicago’s 77 community areas. Participants: Adults, aged 18 years and older (N = 1,543, Response Rate = 28.4%). Over 49% of participants reported a Hispanic ethnicity, 34.8 percent reported being non-Hispanic Black and 14.2 percent reported being White. Measures: We used the Sinai Community Health Survey, 2.0, to examine: average hours of sleep in a 24-hour period, ever witnessing domestic violence, ever being emotionally or physically abused, frequent stress in the past 12 months, and other key covariates (race and ethnicity, annual household income, sex, and health status). Analysis: Multivariate logistic regression. Results: In the full model, participants who reported witnessing domestic violence were significantly less likely to report meeting sleep recommendations even after controlling for ever being emotionally or physically abused, frequently feeling stress, demographic factors, and health status. Non-Hispanic Blacks were most likely to report not meeting sleep recommendations (OR = .54, 95% CI = .30-.96, P = .036). Conclusion: Witnessing domestic violence contributes to not meeting sleep recommendations and this appears to be most salient for Non-Hispanic Blacks. These point-in-time findings document an important potential contributor to racial health disparities.

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