scholarly journals The association between attachment pattern and depression severity in Thai depressed patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255995
Author(s):  
Chotiman Chinvararak ◽  
Pantri Kirdchok ◽  
Peeraphon Lueboonthavatchai
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Anxious Attachment ◽  
Attachment Patterns ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Attachment Pattern ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment ◽  
Predictors Of Depression

Objective We aimed to study attachment patterns and their association with depression severity in Thai depressed patients. Method We conducted a descriptive study of depressed participants at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from November 2013 to April 2014. The Thai Short Version of Revised Experience of Close Relationships Questionnaire and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) were administered to all participants. We assessed BDI-II scores, classified by attachment patterns, using one-way analyses of variance. The associated factors and predictors of depression severity were analysed by chi-square and logistic regression analyses, respectively. Results A total of 180 participants (75% female; mean age = 45.2 ± 14.3 years) were recruited. Dismissing attachment was the most common pattern in Thai depressed patients (36.1%). Depressed patients with preoccupied attachment demonstrated the highest BDI-II scores. The best predictor of moderate to severe depression severity was preoccupied/fearful attachment (odds ratio = 3.68; 95% confidence interval = 2.05–7.30). Conclusions Anxious attachment was found to be associated with higher depression severity. Preoccupied/fearful attachment was the predictor of moderate to severe depression severity.

Depression Severity Is Related to Less Gross Body Movement: A Motion Energy Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anna Sandmeir ◽  
Désirée Schoenherr ◽  
Uwe Altmann ◽  
Christoph Nikendei ◽  
Henning Schauenburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Objectively Measured

Psychomotor retardation is a well-known clinical phenomenon in depressed patients that can be measured in various ways. This study aimed to investigate objectively measured gross body movement (GBM) during a semi-structured clinical interview in patients with a depressive disorder and its relation with depression severity. A total of 41 patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorder were assessed both with a clinician-rated interview (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) and a self-rating questionnaire (Beck Depression Inventory-II) for depression severity. Motion energy analysis (MEA) was applied on videos of additional semi-structured clinical interviews. We considered (partial) correlations between patients’ GBM and depression scales. There was a significant, moderate negative correlation between both measures for depression severity (total scores) and GBM during the diagnostic interview. However, there was no significant correlation between the respective items assessing motor symptoms in the clinician-rated and the patient-rated depression severity scale and GBM. Findings imply that neither clinician ratings nor self-ratings of psychomotor symptoms in depressed patients are correlated with objectively measured GBM. MEA thus offers a unique insight into the embodied symptoms of depression that are not available via patients’ self-ratings or clinician ratings.

Neural Mechanism of Propofol Anesthesia in Severe Depression

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Ogawa ◽  
Takeshi Uema ◽  
Nobutaka Motohashi ◽  
Masami Nishikawa ◽  
Harumasa Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Positron Emission

Background The precise neural mechanisms of propofol anesthesia in humans are still unknown. The authors examined the acute effects of propofol on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using positron emission tomography in patients with severe depression. Methods In six severely depressed patients (mean age, 55.0 yr) scheduled for electroconvulsive therapy, anesthetic levels were monitored by electroencephalography, and rCBF was serially quantified in the awake, sedated, and anesthetized states. The authors used high-resolution positron emission tomography with 15O-labeled water and statistical parametric mapping 99 for imaging and analysis of the data. Results Global cerebral blood flow showed sharp decreases from the awake level during the administration of propofol, decreasing 26.8% in the sedated state and 54.4% in the anesthetized state. Moreover, a dose effect was seen in both parietal cortices and the left lateral prefrontal region with larger regions of relative decrease in rCBF at higher propofol doses. At the higher dose, the values of rCBF in the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, the pontine tegmentum, and the cerebellar cortex were also affected. Meanwhile, there were few changes of relative rCBF in the basal frontal lobes during both sedated and anesthetized states. Conclusions As in earlier studies using normal subjects, pronounced suppression in rCBF in the brain stem reticular formation, the thalamus, and the parietal association cortex occurred even in severely depressed patients. However, previously reported decreases in rCBF in the basal frontal lobe were absent in depressed patients.

scholarly journals Hot and cold cognitive disturbances in antidepressant-free patients with major depressive disorder: a NeuroPharm study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. H. Dam ◽  
D. S. Stenbæk ◽  
K. Köhler-Forsberg ◽  
C. Ip ◽  
B. Ozenne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances

Abstract Background Cognitive disturbances are common and disabling features of major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous studies provide limited insight into the co-occurrence of hot (emotion-dependent) and cold (emotion-independent) cognitive disturbances in MDD. Therefore, we here map both hot and cold cognition in depressed patients compared to healthy individuals. Methods We collected neuropsychological data from 92 antidepressant-free MDD patients and 103 healthy controls. All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing hot cognition including emotion processing, affective verbal memory and social cognition as well as cold cognition including verbal and working memory and reaction time. Results The depressed patients showed small to moderate negative affective biases on emotion processing outcomes, moderate increases in ratings of guilt and shame and moderate deficits in verbal and working memory as well as moderately slowed reaction time compared to healthy controls. We observed no correlations between individual cognitive tasks and depression severity in the depressed patients. Lastly, an exploratory cluster analysis suggested the presence of three cognitive profiles in MDD: one characterised predominantly by disturbed hot cognitive functions, one characterised predominantly by disturbed cold cognitive functions and one characterised by global impairment across all cognitive domains. Notably, the three cognitive profiles differed in depression severity. Conclusion We identified a pattern of small to moderate disturbances in both hot and cold cognition in MDD. While none of the individual cognitive outcomes mapped onto depression severity, cognitive profile clusters did. Overall cognition-based stratification tools may be useful in precision medicine approaches to MDD.

scholarly journals The prevalence of smartphone addiction and its correlation with depression among higher college of technology students, Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1833
Author(s):  
Adil M. AL Mahrooqi ◽  
Talal A. AL Agbari ◽  
Asma S. AL Shidhani
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Mild Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Technology Students ◽  
College Of Technology ◽  
Patient Health

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its correlation with depression among Higher College of Technology students in Oman.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Higher College of Technology, Oman. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed electronically to students between January and February 2017. The questionnaire contained a validated short version of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV) and a validated Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), along with a single question to self-assess smartphone addiction.Results: With a response rate of 86.2%, a total of 376 students were considered, of whom 34.6% were males and 65.4% were females, with an overall mean age of 20.9 years. This study showed that the prevalence of smartphone addiction in the study population using the SAS-SV was 63.8%; 88.3% of students were using their smartphones for four hours or more per day and 80% had been using smartphones for more than four years. The overall depression rate was 32.2%. As the total depression score increased by 1 point, the smartphone addiction score increased by 0.428 points (p<0.005). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 54.9% among those who had no depression, 80.3% among those who had mild depression, 75.9% among those who had moderate depression, and 96.2% among those who have severe depression (p<0.005).Conclusions: This study shows high smartphone addiction levels based on SAS-SV scores and found a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction score and depression scores.

Electroconvulsive therapy, depression severity and mortality: Data from the Danish National Patient Registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Balslev Jørgensen ◽  
Maarten Pieter Rozing ◽  
Charles H Kellner ◽  
Merete Osler
Keyword(s):  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Patient Registry ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
National Patient Registry ◽  
Danish National Patient Registry ◽  
National Patient

Background: The effects of electroconvulsive therapy are usually estimated from changes in depression scales from studies with relatively small patient samples. Larger patient samples can be achieved from epidemiological registers, which provide information on other social and clinical predictors, results and risks. Aims: To examine whether depression severity predicts the use of electroconvulsive therapy, risk of re-hospitalization, suicidal behaviour and mortality following electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depression. Methods: A cohort of 92,895 patients diagnosed with single or recurrent depression between 2005 and 2016 in the Danish National Patient Registry was followed for electroconvulsive therapy and adverse outcomes. Associations between electroconvulsive therapy and outcomes were analysed using Cox regression. Results: A total of 5004 (5.4%) patients were treated with electroconvulsive therapy. Depression severity was the strongest predictor of electroconvulsive therapy. Electroconvulsive therapy was used more frequently above age 70, in those better educated or married, whereas comorbid alcohol abuse or history of prior stroke at study entry were associated with lower rates. Electroconvulsive therapy was associated with lower mortality. The adjusted hazard ratio for the association between electroconvulsive therapy and suicide in patients with mild depression was 6.99 (3.30–14.43), whereas it was 1.10 (0.55–2.20) in those with severe depression and psychotic symptoms. A similar pattern was seen for emergency contacts and attempted suicide. Conclusions: Electroconvulsive therapy was associated with lower all-cause mortality and the relative risk for re-hospitalization and attempted and committed suicide was lowest in patients with the most severe depression. Electroconvulsive therapy is an important treatment, with significant public health benefits, for patients with severe depression.

Prevalence and correlates of parkinsonism in patients with primary depression

Neurology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Starkstein ◽  
Gustavo Petracca ◽  
Eran Chemerinski ◽  
Marcelo Merello
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Longitudinal Changes ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Severe Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Healthy Control

The authors examined the prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal changes of parkinsonism in 94 patients with primary depression and 20 healthy control subjects. Parkinsonism was present in 20% of patients with primary depression. This syndrome was significantly associated with older age, more severe depression, and more severe cognitive impairment. In a subgroup of depressed patients, parkinsonism was reversible upon recovery from the mood disorder.

Personality Pattern of Depression and its Relation to Acquiescence

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personality Dimension ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Response Set ◽  
Personality Pattern

The Personality Research Form (PRF) was administered to 35 hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of severe depression. In comparison with a control group, the patients were significantly higher in Abasement, Harmavoidance, and Succorance but significantly lower in Achievement, Dominance, Endurance, Exhibition, Sentience, Understanding, and Desirability. When the groups were compared by using scores on the true-keyed subscales, 5 dimensions showed significant differences which did not occur on the false-keyed subscales of the same dimensions. There were significant differences for 8 other personality dimensions on the false-keyed subscales which were not found on the true-keyed subscales. It was hypothesized that depressed patients exhibit an acquiescence response set which is specifically related to and dependent upon the content of the personality dimension tested.

The burnout's prevalence among Tunisian military consultants in psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S406-S406
Author(s):  
H. Belhadj ◽  
W. Krir ◽  
C. Bencheikh ◽  
H. Elkefi ◽  
A. Oumaya
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Verbal Aggressiveness ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Military Patients

IntroductionBurnout causes a considerable human cost. Army employees are, in fact, particularly exposed to this risk.ObjectiveTo determinate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among military consultants in psychiatry and to study its socio-familial repercussions.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in a military outpatient clinic in Tunis and included 30 military patients with a seniority of more than 15 years. Burnout and major depression were assessed with the instrument Burnout Measure Short version (BMS-10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire “PHQ-9”, respectively.ResultsEighty percent of participants (n = 24) had a very high degree of burnout exposure according to BMS-10. Twenty of these (83.3%) had a moderate to severe depression. All married patients (n = 22) having burnout syndrome reported a conjugopathy and a tendency to physical and verbal aggressiveness against their children.ConclusionMilitary employees are particularly vulnerable to burnout. Detecting burnout in time is therefore essential in order to prevent its undeniable socio-familial repercussions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Assessment of family function impact on depression severity among infertile women attending a teaching hospital in South-South Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. FSO595
Author(s):  
Alex A Adelosoye ◽  
Olumuyiwa J Fasipe ◽  
Elihu I Medunoye ◽  
Onyekachukwu C Adelosoye ◽  
Elisha O Sunday
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Family Function ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Husband Support ◽  
The Impact

Aim: Family function and husband support can impact depression severity in women with infertility disorder. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of family function and husband support on depression severity among women with infertility disorder at the fertility clinics of a University Teaching Hospital, South-South, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 341 female respondents attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital fertility clinics over a 3-month period, using a semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed. Result: Respondents mean age was 36 ± 5.3 years. The overall prevalence for depression in this study was 42.5% with a breakdown of 64.2%, 30.4% and 5.4% of these depressed participants having mild, moderate and severe depression, respectively. Family dysfunction had a statistically significant relationship with severity of depression in women with infertility (p < 0.001). A statistically significant relationship was established between poor husband support and the severity of depression (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among women with infertility disorder, severe depression was associated with family dysfunction. Good family function would reduce the severity of depression.

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