scholarly journals A systematic review of the menstrual experiences of university students and the impacts on their education: A global perspective

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257333
Author(s):  
Alana K. Munro ◽  
Erin C. Hunter ◽  
Syeda Z. Hossain ◽  
Melanie Keep
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Menstrual Health ◽  
Educational Engagement ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Background Higher education attainment is linked to improved health and employment outcomes but the impact of university students’ experiences of menstruation on their education is less clear. The objective of this review was to synthesise qualitative and quantitative research on university students’ menstrual experiences and educational impacts. Methods Eligible studies were identified through systematic searching across eight peer-reviewed databases, websites for menstrual health organisations, grey literature databases, and reference lists of included studies. Eligible studies must have reported on at least one of the antecedents or components of menstrual experience outlined in the integrated model of menstrual experience in relation to university students or reported on the impact of their menstrual experiences on their education. Study characteristics and findings were extracted, analysed and presented as a narrative synthesis. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. This study is registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42020178470. Results Eighty-three studies were eligible for inclusion. Most studies (n = 74; 89%) were quantitative and the highest proportion of studies were conducted in lower-middle-income countries (n = 31; 37%). Self-reported dysmenorrhea, other physical and emotional menstrual-related symptoms, and menstrual stigma contributed to negative menstrual experiences among female students. Very few studies considered the menstrual experiences of non-binary and transgender menstruating students, and culturally diverse students. Dysmenorrhea contributed to university absenteeism, impaired participation and concentration, and declining academic performance. Inadequate sanitation facilities for menstrual management and challenges containing menstruation also negatively impacted education. Conclusions Female university students’ experiences of menstruation can negatively impact their education, highlighting the need for program and policy responses at university to improve students’ wellbeing and educational engagement. Further research on the menstrual experiences of gender diverse, migrant and international students is needed as there is insufficient evidence to date.

scholarly journals The impact of economic sanctions on health and health systems in low- and middle-income countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Suhrcke ◽  
M Pinna Pintor ◽  
C Hamelmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Economic sanctions, understood as measures taken by one state or a group of states to coerce another into a desired conduct (eg by restricting trade and financial flows) do not primarily seek to adversely affect the health or health system of the target country's population. Yet, there may be indirect or unintended health and health system consequences that ought to be borne in mind when assessing the full set of effects of sanctions. We take stock of the evidence to date in terms of whether - and if so, how - economic sanctions impact health and health systems in LMICs. Methods We undertook a structured literature review (using MEDLINE and Google Scholar), covering the peer-reviewed and grey literature published from 1970-2019, with a specific focus on quantitative assessments. Results Most studies (23/27) that met our inclusion criteria focus on the relationship between sanctions and health outcomes, ranging from infant or child mortality as the most frequent case over viral hepatitis to diabetes and HIV, among others. Fewer studies (9/27) examined health system related indicators, either as a sole focus or jointly with health outcomes. A minority of studies explicitly addressed some of the methodological challenges, incl. control for relevant confounders and the endogeneity of sanctions. Taking the results at face value, the evidence is almost unanimous in highlighting the adverse health and health system effects of economic sanctions. Conclusions Quantitatively assessing the impact of economic sanctions on health or health systems is a challenging task, not least as it is persistently difficult to disentangle the effect of sanctions from many other, potentially major factors at work that matter for health (as, for instance, war). In addition, in times of severe economic and political crisis (which often coincide with sanctions), the collection of accurate and comprehensive data that could allow appropriate measurement is typically not a priority. Key messages The existing evidence is almost unanimous in highlighting the adverse health and health system effects of economic sanctions. There is preciously little good quality evidence on the health (system) impact of economic sanctions.

Impact of COVID-19 on FDIs, Remittances and Foreign Aids: A Case Study of Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 097639962097420
Author(s):  
Gaurav Bhattarai ◽  
Binita Subedi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Foreign Assistance ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The global economy has been severely paralysed, owing to the unprecedented crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, and different studies have indicated that the crisis is relatively more maleficent to the lower-income and middle-income economies. Methodologically, this study relied on the review and analysis of the grey literature, media reporting and data published by the Asian Development Bank, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations (UN), World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF) among others. The article begins by describing the impact of the pandemic on low-income and middle-income countries, and it discusses how they have responded to the crisis. While discussions have surfaced regarding whether COVID-19 will reverse the process of globalization, what will be its impact on the low-income country like Nepal? The study also highlights that with foreign direct investments speculated to shrink and foreign assistance and remittance taking a hit, how is Nepal struggling to keep its economy afloat? Analysing the new budget that the government unveiled in 2020, this study concludes with a note that instead of effectively implementing the plans and policies directed by the budget, Nepal is unnecessarily engaged in political mess and is needlessly being dragged into the geopolitical complications.

The Impact of Social Network Marketing on University Students' Purchase Intention and How It Is Affected of Consumer Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Hartiwi Prabowo ◽  
Rini Kurnia Sari ◽  
Stephanie Bangapadang
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
University Students ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Network Marketing ◽  
Consumer Purchase Intention ◽  
The Impact

The research conducted is to know the impact of social network marketing on consumer purchase intention and consumers who become research are active students at private universities in Jakarta, and how social network marketing also affect consumer engagement (as moderate variable). The research method used in this research is quantitative research method. A method of data collection used in this research is a questionnaire distributed to 119 university students. The results of this study showed that social network marketing has a strong and significant impact oncustomer engagement, customer engagementhas a strong and significant impact on consumer purchase intention, social network marketing has a strong and significant impact consumer purchase intention, and also there is a significant impact from social network marketing on consumer purchase intention through consumer engagement.

scholarly journals Factors affecting political participation (Jordanian universities students' voting: field study 2017-2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Soud Alelaimat
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regional Affiliation

Purpose This study aims to identify the factors affecting the political participation of Jordanian university students, especially their voting in national and local elections. The study examines the impact of gender, age, family income and regional affiliation that represent important social and economic factors affecting political participation on the voting of Jordanian university students. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative research method was used in this study. The study population contained three Jordanian universities representing the various segments of the Jordanian society: Al-Al Bayt University (Northern Region), Jordanian University (Central Region) and Mu'tah University (Southern Region). The study relied on a purposive sample of 900 students, 300 students per university (150 males and 150 females). The survey was conducted in the academic year 2018-2019. A questionnaire reviewed by two jurors (peer reviewers) was used to collect the data. Findings The study concluded that the gender, age, family income and regional affiliation factors affect the voting of Jordanian university students in national and local elections. The more the gender varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of males students. The more the age varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of older students. The more the family income varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of high-income students. The more the regional affiliation varies, the more the voting shifts in favor of Jordanians students. Originality/value This study is an approach to interpret the factors affecting voting of Jordanian university students, such as gender, age, family income and regional affiliation, which led to different voting in the national and local elections.

scholarly journals Do improved biomass cookstove interventions improve indoor air quality and blood pressure? A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitya Kumar ◽  
Eunice Phillip ◽  
Helen Cooper ◽  
Megan Davis ◽  
Jessica Langevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundHousehold air pollution (HAP) kills 4 million annually, with access to clean cooking being a challenge for 37% of the world’s population. Whilst there have been advancements in improved biomass cookstove (ICS) technologies, reviews on the impact of these ICS on HAP are now more than three years old.ObjectivesThis review and meta-analysis examines the most recent evidence on the impact of ICS on HAP and blood pressure (BP).MethodsA literature search was conducted using scientific literature databases and grey literature. Studies were included if they were published between January 2012 and June 2020, reported impact of ICS interventions in non-pregnant adults in low/middle-income countries, and reported post-intervention results along with baseline of traditional cookstoves. Outcomes included 24- or 48-hour averages of kitchen area fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), mean systolic BP (SBP) and mean diastolic BP (DBP). Meta-analyses estimated weighted mean differences between baseline and post-intervention values for all outcome measures.ResultsNine studies were included; eight contributed estimates for HAP and three for BP. Interventions lead to significant reductions in PM2.5 (−0.28 mg/m3, 95% CI: -0.46, -0.10), CO (−6.59ppm, 95%CI: - 10.73, -2.46) and SBP (−2.82mmHg, 95% CI: -5.53, -0.11); and a non-significant reduction in DBP (−0.80 mmHg, 95%CI: -2.33, 0.73), when compared to baseline of traditional cookstoves. Except for DBP, greatest reductions in all outcomes came from standard combustion ICS with a chimney, compared to ICS without a chimney and advanced combustion ICS. WHO air quality targets were met by post-intervention values for CO but not for PM2.5.ConclusionOur review suggests that ICS with a chimney results in the greatest reductions in HAP and BP. Further research on qualitative impact of such ICS on end-users is required to understand feasibility of adoption at scale.

A scoping review of research on policies to address child undernutrition in the Millennium Development Goals era

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Vanessa Pike ◽  
Beverly Bradley ◽  
Aviva Rappaport ◽  
Stanley Zlotkin ◽  
Nandita Perumal
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Nutrition Policies ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Design Type ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The breadth of research on the impact of nutrition-specific policies to address child undernutrition is not well documented. This review maps the evidence base and identifies evidence gaps on such policies. Design: We systematically searched Medline, Embase, PAIS Index for public policy, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for public policy to identify eligible studies. Key study characteristics, including research design, type of policy, time span of policy before impact assessment, child age at outcome assessment, and types of outcomes assessed, were abstracted in duplicate. Setting: Low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Participants: Studies were eligible for inclusion if they aimed to assess the impact of population-level nutrition-specific policies on undernutrition among children <10 years of age. Results: Of the 5646 abstracts screened, 83 studies were included. A range of policies to address child undernutrition were evaluated; the majority were related to micronutrient fortification. Most studies were observational, reported on mandatory regional or sub-national polices, were conducted in high-income countries, and evaluated policies within one year of implementation. A narrow set of health outcomes were evaluated, most commonly iodine deficiency disorders and neural tube defects. Conclusions: Nutrition policies were commonly associated with improved child nutritional status and health. However, this evidence is primarily based on limited settings and a limited number of outcomes. Further research is needed to assess the longer-term impact of a broader range of nutrition policies on child health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Why Are Turkish University Students Addicted to the Internet? A Moderated Mediation Model

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 953
Author(s):  
Orhan Koçak ◽  
İlayda Yılmaz ◽  
Mustafa Z. Younis
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Turkish University Students ◽  
The Impact

Internet addiction has become a significant problem that primarily affects young people. It has an essential effect on the individual’s self-perception and assessment of their competencies. This study aimed to reveal whether there is a significant relationship between the level of internet addiction of university students and their age and self-esteem. For this purpose, internet addiction and self-esteem scales were used in addition to questions such as age, gender, the purpose of internet use, and internet daily usage time. We used a quantitative research method to obtain cross-sectional data from 400 Turkish young people using online surveys. Correlation, regression, mediation, and moderation analyses were performed using SPSS and the PROCESS macro plugin for data analysis. Internet addiction was significantly associated with self-esteem, gender, age, and daily internet usage. In addition, we discovered that self-esteem and daily usage time played a mediation role in the effect of the age variable on internet addiction. Moreover, the moderation roles of social networks, gender, and location in the impact of self-esteem on internet addiction were determined. With this study, we understood that as age increases, self-esteem triggers the decrease of internet addiction. In this sense, policies should be developed to increase self-esteem among young people to ensure the conscious use of the internet.

scholarly journals The impacts of Covid-19 on the students learning behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Ninik Suryatiningsih ◽  
Barotun Mabaroh ◽  
Sugeng Pradikto
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Academic Failure ◽  
Economic Education ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Study Program ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Behavior Learning ◽  
The Impact

The pandemic's unpredictable period affected students’ adjustment to daily life, financial costs, burdens, and “new" learning. The researchers believe that those aspects relate each other. Indeed, this research is not simply to know the students’ problem behavior in the “new" learning class, but it also discover things to reduce risks for academic failure. In addition, the researchers felt urgent to discuss about the impact of COVID-19 towards the university students’ learning behavior in order to evaluate some aspects need to encounter by lecturers for successful “new" learning. This was designed as a descriptive quantitative research. The data were taken by using the Problem Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ) distributed to the students through Google Form. The subjects consisted of 21 students of Economic Education Department Study Program, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, PGRI Wiranegara University. From the questionnaire, the researchers could understand how COVID-19 give impacts on the students in a relation to their sensory, control, and setting/environment. Furthermore, the researchers also evaluated how the students behave towards those counted parts. This research resulted the learning process at pandemic Covid-19 got harder than in the normal situation and it caused many problems in students’ learning behavior. Hence, in order to make the students keep motivated, the lecturers need to give attention and motivation to decrease a negative behavior which also effect to their learning achievement. Keywords: Behavior, Learning, The Impact of COVID 19, University Students.

scholarly journals Factors influencing sexual behaviour between tourists and tourism employees: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padam P Simkhada ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Edwin R Van Teijlingen ◽  
Rachel L Beanland
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Travel Medicine ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> Increased travel abroad has a significant impact on the incidence and prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). Previous reviews have focused on the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of tourists and acquisition of STIs. Less is known about the impact on tourism operators in countries visited by tourists.  The aim of this review is to ascertain factors influencing sexual behaviour between workers in the tourism industry and tourists; exploring the prevalence of sexual behaviour between the two populations, their perceptions of sexual risk while engaging in sexual activities and the knowledge of tourism operators regarding STIs.</p><p><strong><em>Methods:</em></strong> A systematic review was conducted. Database searches were performed in Medline/Ovid, EMBASE, Cochrane library and CINAHL for studies published between 2000 and March 2016. Grey literature searches were completed in the NHS database and Google Scholar between 2000 and December 2013. Papers were independently selected by two researchers. Data were extracted and critically appraised using a pre-designed extraction form and adapted CASP checklist.</p><p><strong><em>Results: </em></strong>The search identified 1,602 studies and 16 were included after review of the full text. Studies were conducted in nine countries. Findings suggest that STI knowledge, attitude and practice were fairly good among tourists and tourism workers, but there is a need for pre-travel advice for travellers, especially those travelling to low and middle-income countries. Greater importance was given to tourists than to tourism operators and locals interacting with tourists. Studies suggest that as a group both tourist and tourist workers were likely to engage in sexual activities. Overall, both condom use and STI screening were low, among tourists as well as tourism operators. Furthermore, studies reported links between drug and alcohol use and sexual behaviour and risk taking.</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion:</em></strong><strong> </strong>Although less research appeared to have been conducted among tourism workers than tourists, it does demonstrate the need for education, training and promotion of travel medicine. STI screening, pre-travel advice, travel history in terms of contracting STIs and safe-sex awareness-raising are needed. More and better sexual health education and relevant tourism policies are needed globally. </p>

scholarly journals Interventions to improve water supply and quality, sanitation and handwashing facilities in healthcare facilities, and their effect on healthcare-associated infections in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and supplementary scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e001632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Watson ◽  
Lauren D'Mello-Guyett ◽  
Erin Flynn ◽  
Jane Falconer ◽  
Joanna Esteves-Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionHealthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are the most frequent adverse event compromising patient safety globally. Patients in healthcare facilities (HCFs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are most at risk. Although water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions are likely important for the prevention of HCAIs, there have been no systematic reviews to date.MethodsAs per our prepublished protocol, we systematically searched academic databases, trial registers, WHO databases, grey literature resources and conference abstracts to identify studies assessing the impact of HCF WASH services and practices on HCAIs in LMICs. In parallel, we undertook a supplementary scoping review including less rigorous study designs to develop a conceptual framework for how WASH can impact HCAIs and to identify key literature gaps.ResultsOnly three studies were included in the systematic review. All assessed hygiene interventions and included: a cluster-randomised controlled trial, a cohort study, and a matched case-control study. All reported a reduction in HCAIs, but all were considered at medium-high risk of bias. The additional 27 before-after studies included in our scoping review all focused on hygiene interventions, none assessed improvements to water quantity, quality or sanitation facilities. 26 of the studies reported a reduction in at least one HCAI. Our scoping review identified multiple mechanisms by which WASH can influence HCAI and highlighted a number of important research gaps.ConclusionsAlthough there is a dearth of evidence for the effect of WASH in HCFs, the studies of hygiene interventions were consistently protective against HCAIs in LMICs. Additional and higher quality research is urgently needed to fill this gap to understand how WASH services in HCFs can support broader efforts to reduce HCAIs in LMICs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017080943.

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