scholarly journals Psychosocial stressors predict lower cardiovascular disease risk among Mexican-American adults living in a high-risk community: Findings from the Texas City Stress and Health Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257940
Author(s):  
Maryam Hussain ◽  
Jennifer L. Howell ◽  
M. Kristen Peek ◽  
Raymond P. Stowe ◽  
Matthew J. Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Stress And Health ◽  
Texas City ◽  
Neighborhood Stress

The objective of this study was to examine the link between systemic and general psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a group of U.S. Latinos as a function of acculturation and education within the blended guiding conceptual framework of the biopsychosocial model of the stress process plus the reserve capacity model. We analyzed data from self-identifying Mexican-origin adults (n = 396, 56.9% female, Mage = 58.2 years, 55.5% < 12 years of education, 79% U.S.-born) from the Texas City Stress and Health Study. We used established measures of perceived stress (general stress), neighborhood stress and discrimination (systemic stress) to capture psychosocial stress, our primary predictor. We used the atherosclerotic CVD calculator to assess 10-year CVD risk, our primary outcome. This calculator uses demographics, cholesterol, blood pressure, and history of hypertension, smoking, and diabetes to compute CVD risk in the next 10 years. We also created an acculturation index using English-language use, childhood interaction, and preservation of cultural values. Participants reported years of education. Contrary to expectations, findings showed that higher levels of all three forms of psychosocial stress, perceived stress, neighborhood stress, and perceived discrimination, predicted lower 10-year CVD risk. Acculturation and education did not moderate the effects of psychosocial stress on 10-year CVD risk. Contextualized within the biopsychosocial and reserve capacity framework, we interpret our findings such that participants who accurately reported their stressors may have turned to their social networks to handle the stress, thereby reducing their risk for CVD. We highlight the importance of examining strengths within the sociocultural environment when considering cardiovascular inequities among Latinos.

Abstract MP34: Tai Chi Exercise is More Effective Than Brisk Walking in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen W Chan ◽  
Doris Y Leung ◽  
SY Chair ◽  
Janet W Sit ◽  
Ruth E Taylor-Piliae
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Brisk Walking ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Over Time

Background: Physical inactivity is one of the major modifiable lifestyle risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Tai Chi (TC) is safe and popular among older adults; yet direct comparisons between TC and brisk walking (BW) on reducing CVD risk factors are lacking. Methods: A total of 246 adults (mean age=64.4±9.8 years, 45.5% men) with hypertension and two other CVD risk factors (i.e., smoker, diabetic, dyslipidemia, or overweight) were randomly assigned to either TC (n=82), BW (n=82), or control (C, n=82) groups. The TC and BW groups had 150 minutes/week, moderate-intensity physical activity for three months; with home-based practice encouraged for another six months. The primary outcome was blood pressure (BP). Secondary outcomes were: fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoprotein, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and perceived stress. Data were collected at baseline, post-intervention at 3-month, 6-month and 9-month follow-up assessments. Generalized estimating equations models compared changes in the outcomes over time between groups. Results: At baseline, average BP=141/81, smokers=11%, diabetics=58%, dyslipidemia=61%, average BMI=26; with no significant differences between groups. TC significantly lowered BP (systolic -13.33 mmHg; diastolic -6.45 mmHg), FBS (-0.72 mmol/L), HbA1c (-0.39%), and perceived stress (-3.22 score) at 9-months, compared to C group. Pairwise comparisons indicated significantly greater reductions in SBP (p<0.001), DBP (p=0.049), FBS (p=0.001), HbA1c (p=0.002), and perceived stress (p=0.027) in TC group, compared to BW group. No significant changes in other CVD risk indicators over time between groups were observed. Conclusion: TC was better than BW in reducing several CVD risk factors, and can be recommended as a viable exercise to build a healthier life free of CVD.

scholarly journals Genetic variation at the coronary artery disease risk locus GUCY1A3 modifies cardiovascular disease prevention effects of aspirin

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (41) ◽  
pp. 3385-3392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn T Hall ◽  
Thorsten Kessler ◽  
Julie E Buring ◽  
Dani Passow ◽  
Howard D Sesso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Risk Allele ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Aims Efficacy of aspirin in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) may be influenced by a common allele in guanylate cyclase GUCY1A3, which has been shown to modify platelet function and increase CVD risk. Methods and results We investigated whether homozygotes of the GUCY1A3 rs7692387 risk (G) allele benefited from aspirin in two long-term, randomized placebo-controlled trials of aspirin in primary CVD prevention: the Women’s Genome Health Study (WGHS, N = 23 294) and a myocardial infarction (MI, N = 550) and stroke (N = 382) case–control set from the Physician’s Health Study (PHS, N = 22 071). Bleeding risk was evaluated in the WGHS. In the placebo group of the WGHS, the GUCY1A3 risk (G) allele was confirmed to increase CVD risk [hazard ratio 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.78; P = 0.01]. Random-effects meta-analysis of the WGHS and PHS revealed that aspirin reduced CVD events among risk allele homozygotes [G/G: odds ratio (OR) 0.79; 95% CI 0.65–0.97; P = 0.03] but increased CVD events among non-risk allele carriers (e.g. G/A: OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.03–1.87; P = 0.03) thus implying an interaction between genotype stratum and aspirin intake (Pinteraction = 0.01). Bleeding associated with aspirin increased in all genotype groups, with higher risks in heterozygotes. Conclusion In two randomized placebo-controlled trials in the setting of primary prevention, aspirin reduced the incidence of CVD events in individuals homozygous for the GUCY1A3 risk (G) allele, whereas heterozygote individuals had more events when taking aspirin.

scholarly journals Psychosocial stress and neuroendocrine biomarker concentrations among women living with or without HIV

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261746
Author(s):  
Matthew E. Levy ◽  
Ansley Waters ◽  
Sabyasachi Sen ◽  
Amanda D. Castel ◽  
Michael Plankey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Latent Profile

Objective Women living with HIV (WLWH) experience psychosocial stress related to social-structural vulnerabilities. To investigate neuroendocrine pathways linking stress and increased cardiovascular disease risk among WLWH, we evaluated associations between psychosocial stress (i.e., perceived stress, posttraumatic stress, and experiences of race- and gender-based harassment) and a composite neuroendocrine biomarker index among WLWH and women without HIV. Methods In 2019–2020, Women’s Interagency HIV Study participants in Washington, DC completed a questionnaire and provided blood and 12-hour overnight urine samples for testing of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and urinary free cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Psychosocial stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version, and Racialized Sexual Harassment Scale. Latent profile analysis was used to classify participants into low (38%), moderate (44%), and high (18%) stress groups. Composite biomarker index scores between 0–4 were assigned based on participants’ number of neuroendocrine biomarkers in high-risk quartiles (≥75th percentile for cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine and ≤25th percentile for DHEA-S). We evaluated associations between latent profile and composite biomarker index values using multivariable linear regression, adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioral, metabolic, and HIV-related factors. Results Among 90 women, 62% were WLWH, 53% were non-Hispanic Black, and median age was 55 years. In full multivariable models, there was no statistically significant association between psychosocial stress and composite biomarker index values among all women independent of HIV status. High (vs. low) psychosocial stress was positively associated with higher mean composite biomarker index values among all monoracial Black women (adjusted β = 1.32; 95% CI: 0.20–2.43), Black WLWH (adjusted β = 1.93; 95% CI: 0.02–3.83) and Black HIV-negative women (adjusted β = 2.54; 95% CI: 0.41–4.67). Conclusions Despite a null association in the overall sample, greater psychosocial stress was positively associated with higher neuroendocrine biomarker concentrations among Black women, highlighting a plausible mechanism by which psychosocial stress could contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.

scholarly journals Hot Flashes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Indices Among Women With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mabel Toribio ◽  
Evelynne S Fulda ◽  
Sarah M Chu ◽  
Zsofia D Drobni ◽  
Magid Awadalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Hot Flash ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Women With Hiv

Abstract Women with HIV (WWH) transitioning through menopause have heightened cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In the general population, hot flash burden relates to CVD risk indices. We found higher hot flash burden among women with vs without HIV. Further, among WWH, hot flash burden related to select CVD risk indices. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration NCT02874703.

scholarly journals Consumption of dairy products and cardiovascular disease risk: results from the French prospective cohort NutriNet-Santé

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Laury Sellem ◽  
Bernard Srour ◽  
Kim G. Jackson ◽  
Serge Hercberg ◽  
Pilar Galan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
Fermented Dairy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In France, dairy products contribute to dietary saturated fat intake, of which reduced consumption is often recommended for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Epidemiological evidence on the association between dairy consumption and CVD risk remains unclear, suggesting either null or inverse associations. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dairy consumption (overall and specific foods) and CVD risk in a large cohort of French adults. This prospective analysis included participants aged ≥ 18 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2019). Daily dietary intakes were collected using 24h-dietary records. Total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurts, fermented and reduced-fat dairy intakes were investigated. CVD cases (n=1,952) included cerebrovascular (n=878 cases) and coronary heart diseases (CHD, n=1,219 cases). Multivariable Cox models were performed to investigate associations. This analysis included n=104,805 French adults (mean age at baseline 42.8 years (SD 14.6)), mean follow-up 5.5 years (SD 3.0, i.e. 579,155 persons years). There were no significant associations between dairy intakes and total CVD or CHD risks. However, the consumption of at least 160 g/d of fermented dairy (e.g. cheese and yogurts) was associated with a reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases compared to intakes below 57 g/d (HR=0.81 [0.66-0.98], p-trend=0.01). Despite being a major dietary source of saturated fats, dairy consumption was not associated with CVD or CHD risks in this study. However, fermented dairy was associated with a lower cerebrovascular disease risk. Robust randomized controlled trials are needed to further assess the impact of consuming different dairy foods on CVD risk and potential underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Improvements in cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL and adiponectin contribute to mitigation in cardiovascular disease risk after bariatric surgery in a cohort with morbid obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himani Thakkar ◽  
Vinnyfred Vincent ◽  
Sakshi Sukhla ◽  
Manraj Sra ◽  
Uma Kanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery can alleviate cardiovascular risk via effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Our study aimed to assess the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL as a negative risk factor for CVD in individuals with obesity and identify the factors associated with improvement in CEC 3 months following bariatric surgery. Methods We recruited 40 control individuals (mean BMI of 22.2 kg/m2) and 56 obese individuals (mean BMI of 45.9 kg/m2). The biochemical parameters, inflammatory status and CEC of HDL was measured for the obese individuals before bariatric surgery and at 3 months after surgery. The CEC was measured using a cell-based cholesterol efflux system of BODIPY-cholesterol-labelled THP-1 macrophages. Results A significant reduction in BMI (− 17%, p < 0.001), resolution of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-IR = − 23.4%, p = 0.002; Adipo IR = − 16%, p = 0.009) and inflammation [log resistin = − 6%, p = 0.07] were observed 3 months post-surgery. CEC significantly improved 3 months after surgery [Pre: 0.91 ± 0.13; Post: 1.02 ± 0.16; p = 0.001] despite a decrease in HDL-C levels. The change in CEC correlated with the change in apo A-I (r = 0.39, p = 0.02) and adiponectin levels (r = 0.35, p = 0.03). Conclusion The results suggest that improvements in CEC, through improvement in adipose tissue health in terms of adipokine secretion and insulin sensitivity could be an important pathway in modulating obesity-related CVD risk.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Bears and Other Gay Men: A Descriptive Study from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mijas ◽  
Karolina Koziara ◽  
Andrzej Galbarczyk ◽  
Grazyna Jasienska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Wide Range

A risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased by multiple factors including psychosocial stress and health behaviors. Sexual minority men who identify as Bears form a subculture distinguished by characteristics associated with increased CVD risk such as elevated stress and high body weight. However, none of the previous studies comprehensively investigated CVD risk in this population. Our study compared Bears (N = 31) with other gay men (N = 105) across a wide range of CVD risk factors. Logistic regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were performed to compare both groups concerning behavioral (e.g., physical activity), medical (e.g., self-reported hypertension), and psychosocial (e.g., depressiveness) CVD risk factors. Bears were characterized by older age and higher body mass index (BMI) than the control group. We also observed higher resilience, self-esteem, as well as greater prevalence of self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Bears. None of these differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and, in the case of self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, both age and BMI. Our study demonstrates that Bears are characterized by increased CVD risk associated predominantly with older age and higher BMI. Health promotion interventions addressed to this community should be tailored to Bears’ subcultural norms and should encourage a healthier lifestyle instead of weight loss.

scholarly journals Reducing cardiovascular disease risk among families with familial hypercholesterolaemia by improving diet and physical activity: a randomised controlled feasibility trial

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e044200
Author(s):  
Fiona Jane Kinnear ◽  
Fiona E Lithander ◽  
Aidan Searle ◽  
Graham Bayly ◽  
Christina Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveFamilial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) elevates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to provide evidence for the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention designed to improve diet and physical activity in families with FH.DesignA parallel, randomised, waitlist-controlled, feasibility pilot trial.SettingThree outpatient lipid clinics in the UK.ParticipantsFamilies that comprised children (aged 10–18 years) and their parent with genetically diagnosed FH.InterventionFamilies were randomised to either 12-week usual care or intervention. The behavioural change intervention aimed to improve dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. It was delivered to families by dietitians initially via a single face-to-face session and then by four telephone or email follow-up sessions.Outcome measuresFeasibility was assessed via measures related to recruitment, retention and intervention fidelity. Postintervention qualitative interviews were conducted to explore intervention acceptability. Behavioural (dietary intake, physical activity and sedentary time) and clinical (blood pressure, body composition and blood lipids) outcomes were collected at baseline and endpoint assessments to evaluate the intervention’s potential benefit.ResultsTwenty-one families (38% of those approached) were recruited which comprised 22 children and 17 adults with FH, and 97% of families completed the study. The intervention was implemented with high fidelity and the qualitative data revealed it was well accepted. Between-group differences at the endpoint assessment were indicative of the intervention’s potential for improving diet in children and adults. Evidence for potential benefits on physical activity and sedentary behaviours was less apparent. However, the intervention was associated with improvements in several CVD risk factors including LDL-C, with a within-group mean decrease of 8% (children) and 10% (adults).ConclusionsThe study’s recruitment, retention, acceptability and potential efficacy support the development of a definitive trial, subject to identified refinements.Trial registration numberISRCTN24880714.

scholarly journals Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in African American Individuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali A. Weinstein ◽  
Preetha Abraham ◽  
Guoqing Diao ◽  
Stacey A. Zeno ◽  
Patricia A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. To examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a group of African American individuals.Design. A nonrandom sample of 253 (age 43.7 ± 11.6 years; 37% male) African American individuals was recruited by advertisements. Data were obtained by validated questionnaires, anthropometric, blood pressure, and blood sample measurements.Results. Regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between depressive symptoms and CVD risk factors controlling for socioeconomic status indicators. These analyses demonstrated that those with higher levels of depressive symptoms had larger waist-to-hip ratios, higher percent body fat, higher triglycerides, and were more likely to be smokers.Conclusions. It has been well documented that higher levels of depressive symptoms are associated with higher CVD risk. However, this evidence is derived primarily from samples of predominantly Caucasian individuals. The present investigation demonstrates that depressive symptoms are related to CVD risk factors in African American individuals.

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