scholarly journals Immunosuppression and COVID-19 infection in British Columbia: Protocol for a linkage study of population-based administrative and self-reported survey data

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259601
Author(s):  
Ana Michelle Avina-Galindo ◽  
Zahra A. Fazal ◽  
Shelby Marozoff ◽  
Jessie Kwan ◽  
Na Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction Cases of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continue to spread around the world even one year after the declaration of a global pandemic. Those with weakened immune systems, due to immunosuppressive medications or disease, may be at higher risk of COVID-19. This includes individuals with autoimmune diseases, cancer, transplants, and dialysis patients. Assessing the risk and outcomes of COVID-19 in this population has been challenging. While administrative databases provide data with minimal selection and recall bias, clinical and behavioral data is lacking. To address this, we are collecting self-reported survey data from a randomly selected subsample with and without COVID-19, which will be linked to administrative health data, to better quantify the risk of COVID-19 infection associated with immunosuppression. Methods and analysis Using administrative and laboratory data from British Columbia (BC), Canada, we established a population-based case-control study of all individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Each case was matched to 40 randomly selected individuals from two control groups: individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., negative controls) and untested individuals from the general population (i.e., untested controls). We will contact 1000 individuals from each group to complete a survey co-designed with patient partners. A conditional logistic regression model will adjust for potential confounders and effect modifiers. We will examine the odds of COVID-19 infection according to immunosuppressive medication or disease type. To adjust for relevant confounders and effect modifiers not available in administrative data, the survey will include questions on behavioural variables that influence probability of being tested, acquiring COVID-19, and experiencing severe outcomes. Ethics and dissemination This study has received approval from the University of British Columbia Clinical Research Ethics Board [H20-01914]. Findings will be disseminated through scientific conferences, open access peer-reviewed journals, COVID-19 research repositories and dissemination channels used by our patient partners.

Epidemiology of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Alexander A Leung ◽  
Janice L Pasieka ◽  
Martin D Hyrcza ◽  
Danièle Pacaud ◽  
Yuan Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
True Frequency ◽  
Clinical Records

Objective Despite the significant morbidity and mortality associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, little is known about their epidemiology. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in an ethnically diverse population. A secondary objective was to develop and validate algorithms for case detection using laboratory and administrative data. Design Population-based cohort study in Alberta, Canada from 2012 to 2019. Methods Patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma were identified using linked administrative databases and clinical records. Annual incidence rates per 100 000 people were calculated and stratified according to age and sex. Algorithms to identify pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, based on laboratory and administrative data, were evaluated. Results A total of 239 patients with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma (collectively with 251 tumors) were identified from a population of 5 196 368 people over a period of 7 years. The overall incidence of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma was 0.66 cases per 100 000 people per year. The frequency of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma increased with age and was highest in individuals aged 60–79 years (8.85 and 14.68 cases per 100 000 people per year for males and females, respectively). An algorithm based on laboratory data (metanephrine >two-fold or normetanephrine >three-fold higher than the upper limit of normal) closely approximated the true frequency of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma with an estimated incidence of 0.54 cases per 100 000 people per year. Conslusion The incidence of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in an unselected population of western Canada was unexpectedly higher than rates reported from other areas of the world.

scholarly journals Inaccurate Ascertainment of Morbidity and Mortality due to Influenza in Administrative Databases: A Population-Based Record Linkage Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e98446 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Muscatello ◽  
Janaki Amin ◽  
C. Raina MacIntyre ◽  
Anthony T. Newall ◽  
William D. Rawlinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Record Linkage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Administrative Databases

scholarly journals Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of subsequent bone loss in a nationwide population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunyoung Kang ◽  
Minkyung Han ◽  
Chun Il Park ◽  
Inkyung Jung ◽  
Eun Hwa Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Confidential Interval ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control

AbstractThis study examined whether the use of SRIs is associated with an increased risk of bone loss using a nested case–control design with a nationwide population–based cohort in Korea. Using the Korean National Health Screening Cohort, subjects newly diagnosed with osteoporosis or osteopenia (n = 55,799) were matched with controls (n = 278,995) at a ratio of 1:5. We stratified the participants by their time-dependent use of SRIs and sex and controlled for various confounders, including lifestyle habits, laboratory data, and comorbidities. Conditional logistic regression showed that both recent and former users of SRIs had an increased risk of subsequent bone loss compared with non-users: men [recent users: odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% confidential interval (CI) 1.20, 1.53; former-users: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01, 1.20]; women (recent users: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28–1.48; former-users: OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02, 1.21). The use of SRIs was associated with an increased risk of bone loss in both men and women. In particular, the association was stronger in recent users. These findings provide population-level evidence for the risk of bone loss associated with SRI exposure and highlight the importance of monitoring the bone health of SRI users.

scholarly journals Risk of active tuberculosis in migrants diagnosed with cancer: a retrospective cohort study in British Columbia, Canada

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e037827
Author(s):  
Divjot S Kumar ◽  
Lisa A Ronald ◽  
Kamila Romanowski ◽  
Caren Rose ◽  
Hennady P Shulha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Ltbi Screening

ObjectivesTo describe the association between types of cancer and active tuberculosis (TB) risk in migrants. Additionally, in order to better inform latent TB infection (LTBI) screening protocols, we assessed proportion of active TB cases potentially preventable through LTBI screening and treatment in migrants with cancer.DesignPopulation-based, retrospective cohort study.SettingBritish Columbia (BC), Canada.Participants1 000 764 individuals who immigrated to Canada from 1985 to 2012 and established residency in BC at any point up to 2015.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUsing linked health administrative databases and disease registries, data on demographics, comorbidities, cancer type, TB exposure and active TB diagnosis were extracted. Primary outcomes included: time to first active TB diagnoses, and risks of active TB following cancer diagnoses which were estimated using Cox extended hazard regression models. Potentially preventable TB was defined as active TB diagnosed >6 months postcancer diagnoses.ResultsActive TB risk was increased in migrants with cancer ((HR (95% CI)) 2.5 (2.0 to 3.1)), after adjustment for age, sex, TB incidence in country of origin, immigration classification, contact status and comorbidities. Highest risk was observed with lung cancer (HR 11.2 (7.4 to 16.9)) and sarcoma (HR 8.1 (3.3 to 19.5)), followed by leukaemia (HR 5.6 (3.1 to 10.2)), lymphoma (HR 4.9 (2.7 to 8.7)) and gastrointestinal cancers (HR 2.7 (1.7 to 4.4)). The majority (65.9%) of active TB cases were diagnosed >6 months postcancer diagnosis.ConclusionSpecific cancers increase active TB risk to varying degrees in the migrant population of BC, with approximately two-thirds of active TB cases identified as potentially preventable.

scholarly journals A population-based study comparing multiple sclerosis clinic users and non-users in British Columbia, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyla McKay ◽  
Helen Tremlett ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Lorne Kastrukoff ◽  
Ruth Ann Marrie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Health Administrative Data ◽  
Diagnostic Codes ◽  
System A ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy

ABSTRACTObjectivesMuch clinical knowledge about multiple sclerosis (MS) has been gained from patients who attend MS specialty clinics. However, there is limited information about whether these patients are representative of the wider MS population. The objective of this study was to compare incident MS cases who were MS clinic users to non-users of the specialty MS clinics in British Columbia, Canada. ApproachThis was a retrospective record linkage cohort study using prospectively collected data from the BCMS database and province-wide health administrative databases. Incident MS cases were identified in the general population using a validated algorithm of hospital and physician diagnostic codes. Results There were 2,841 incident MS cases between 1996 and 2004 including 1,648 (58%) that had registered at an MS clinic (‘clinic cases’) and 1,193 (42%) that had not (‘non-clinic cases’). Sex and socioeconomic status distributions were similar; however, non-clinic cases were older, accessed health services more frequently, and had a higher burden of comorbidity than clinic cases. Only 1% of the non-clinic cases had filled a prescription for an MS-specific disease-modifying therapy, compared to 51% of the clinic cases. ConclusionOur findings have several important implications: even within a publicly funded healthcare system, a high proportion of individuals with MS may not access a specialty MS clinic; the needs of MS patients managed in the community may differ from those referred to an MS clinic; findings from studies involving clinic-based MS cohorts may not always be generalizable to the wider MS population; and access to population-based health administrative data offers the opportunity to gain a broader understanding of MS.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Cerebral Palsy in British Columbia, 1991-1995

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Smith ◽  
Karen D. Kelly ◽  
Glenda Prkachin ◽  
Donald C. Voaklander
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Classification Of Diseases

Objective:To quantify the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) in British Columbia within a four-year birth cohort.Methods:The study was a population-based record linkage study of a birth cohort of British Columbian children born between April 1, 1991 and March 31, 1995. Cases were identified by the presence of International Classification of Diseases, Version 9 (ICD-9) diagnostic code “343” recorded at three years of age or older or by having the ICD-9 diagnostic code “343” recorded prior to the third birthday with two confirmatory diagnoses within the first three years of life through a record search of the BC Medical Services Plan billing files for the fiscal years 1991 to 1995.Results/Conclusion:This research has provided an estimate of the prevalence of CP in the four-year birth cohort 1991 to 1995 in British Columbia. An aggregate prevalence rate of CP was measured as 2.68 per 1000 live births, and a congenital rate was measured at 2.57 for the same population. Birth weight and gestational age demonstrated a significant relationship with the development of CP. This study should lend credence to the establishment of a CP register in British Columbia.

Risk factors for pneumonic and ulceroglandular tularaemia in Finland: a population-based case-control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (10) ◽  
pp. 2207-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. ROSSOW ◽  
J. OLLGREN ◽  
P. KLEMETS ◽  
I. PIETARINEN ◽  
J. SAIKKU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Type B ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYFew population-based data are available on factors associated with pneumonic and ulceroglandular type B tularaemia. We conducted a case-control study during a large epidemic in 2000. Laboratory-confirmed case patients were identified through active surveillance and matched control subjects (age, sex, residency) from the national population information system. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression model addressing missing data with Bayesian full-likelihood modelling included 227 case patients and 415 control subjects; reported mosquito bites [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 9·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4·4–22, population-attributable risk (PAR) 82%] and farming activities (aOR 4·3, 95% CI 2·5–7·2, PAR 32%) were independently associated with ulceroglandular tularaemia, whereas exposure to hay dust (aOR 6·6, 95% CI 1·9–25·4, PAR 48%) was associated with pneumonic tularaemia. Although the bulk of tularaemia type B disease burden is attributable to mosquito bites, risk factors for ulceroglandular and pneumonic forms of tularaemia are different, enabling targeting of prevention efforts accordingly.

scholarly journals Under-ascertainment of Illness due to Influenza in Administrative Databases, a Population-based Record Linkage Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Muscatello ◽  
Janaki Amin ◽  
C. Raina MacIntyre ◽  
Anthony T. Newall ◽  
William D. Rawlinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Record Linkage ◽  
Public Health Surveillance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Type B ◽  
Death Registration ◽  
Emergency Presentation

Administrative and vital statistics databases are frequently used for public health surveillance of influenza incidence and outcomes. We used population based, probabilistic record linkage of laboratory diagnosed influenza, emergency department, hospital admission and death registration databases to determine how frequently laboratory diagnosed influenza is coded as influenza or recorded as a cause of death. Influenza was substantially under-recorded as a cause of emergency presentation, hospitalization and death. Influenza type A infection was more likely than type B to lead to coding of influenza. Despite under-coding, time series of coded influenza from databases do reflect trends in influenza incidence.

scholarly journals Real-world Effectiveness of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C in British Columbia, Canada: A Population-Based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wilton ◽  
Stanley Wong ◽  
Amanda Yu ◽  
Alnoor Ramji ◽  
Darrel Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Real World ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
World Population ◽  
Treatment Experience

Abstract Background Clinical trials show high efficacy of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), but there are limited data from “real-world” settings. We aimed to evaluate SOF/VEL effectiveness for all hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes (GTs) in British Columbia (BC), Canada. Methods We used the BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort, which includes all HCV cases in the province (1990–2015) linked to administrative databases, including prescriptions to end of 2018. We measured sustained virologic response (SVR; negative RNA ≥10 weeks after treatment end) and identified characteristics associated with non-SVR. Conservatively, we excluded individuals with no assessment for SVR if their last RNA test after treatment initiation was negative (but included if positive). Results Of 2821 eligible participants, most were infected with GT1 (1076, 38.1%) or GT3 (1072, 38.0%), and a minority (278, 9.9%) were treated with RBV. SVR was 94.6% (2670/2821) overall and 94.5% (1017/1076) for GT1, 96.4% (512/531) for GT2, and 93.7% (1004/1072) for GT3. When disaggregated by GT, treatment regimen, and cirrhosis/treatment experience, SVR was lowest (30/40, 75.0%) among treatment-experienced GT3 individuals treated with RBV. Characteristics associated with non-SVR in multivariable analysis included younger age, RBV addition, and being a person with HIV (PWH) or who injects/injected drugs (PWID). When treatment regimen (±RBV) was removed from multivariable model, treatment experience was associated with non-SVR for GT3. Of 151 non-SVR individuals, 56.3% were nonvirological failures (treatment incomplete/no assessment for SVR) and 43.7% were virological failures (nonresponse/relapse). A disproportionately high percentage of non-SVR among PWID was due to nonvirological failure. Conclusions SOF/VEL was highly effective in this “real-world” population-based cohort. Additional support is required for PWID/PWH to reach SVR.

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