scholarly journals A qualitative exploration of obesity bias and stigma in Irish healthcare; the patients’ voice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260075
Author(s):  
Grainne O’Donoghue ◽  
Caitriona Cunningham ◽  
Melvina King ◽  
Chantel O’Keefe ◽  
Andrew Rofaeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Weight Bias ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Obesity Bias ◽  
The Individual

Background Current data indicates 70% of adults with obesity report experiencing bias and stigmatisation when engaging with healthcare. Most studies to date, have focused on weight bias from a healthcare professional’s perspective. Few have explored weight bias from the perspective of the individual living with obesity and no study has conducted this research in the Irish context. Aims This study explored, the lived-in experience of individuals afflicted with obesity, when interacting with the Irish healthcare system. It examined whether participants encountered weight bias and stigma, if so, how it may have impacted them and gathered their suggestions on how it could be best addressed. Methods Employing a phenomenological approach, purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 individuals living with class II (BMI 35.0–39.9) or III obesity (BMI ≥40kg/m2) who reported regular and consistent engagement with the Irish healthcare system. Predominant emergent themes were categorised using the interview domains; (1) experiences of obesity bias and stigma, (2) impact of this bias and stigma and (3) suggested avenues to reduce bias and stigma. Findings Participants reported experiencing high levels of weight bias and stigmatisation. Relating to experiences, three themes were identified; interpersonal communication, focus of care and physical environment. In terms of its impact, there were two emergent themes; negativity towards future healthcare and escalation of unhealthy behaviours. Suggested avenues to eliminate bias and stigma included the introduction of a timely and clear clinical pathway for obesity management and a focus on HCPs education in relation to obesity causes and complexity. Conclusions Outside of specialist obesity tertiary care, weight bias and stigmatisation is commonly reported in the Irish healthcare system. It is a significant issue for those living with obesity, detrimental to their physiological and psychological health. A concerted effort by HCPs across clinical, research and educational levels is required to alleviate its harmful effects.

scholarly journals Evaluating interventions with victims of intimate partner violence: a community psychology approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Albanesi ◽  
Carlo Tomasetto ◽  
Veronica Guardabassi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is one of the most common forms of domestic violence, with profound implication for women's physical and psychological health. In this text we adopted the Empowerment Process Model (EPM) by Cattaneo and Goodman (Psychol Violence 5(1):84–94) to analyse interventions provided to victims of IPV by a Support Centre for Women (SCW) in Italy, and understand its contribution to women’s empowerment. Method We conducted semi-structured interviews with ten women who had been enrolled in a program for IPV survivors at a SCW in the past three years. The interviews focused on the programs’ aims, actions undertaken to reach them, and the impact on the women’s lives, and were analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Results Results showed that the interventions provided by the SWC were adapted according to women's needs. In the early phases, women’s primary aim was ending violence, and the intervention by the SCW was deemed as helpful to the extent it provided psychological support, protection and safe housing. Women’s aims subsequently moved to self-actualisation and economic and personal independence which required professional training, internships, and social support. Although satisfying the majority of the women’s expectations, other important needs (e.g., economic support or legal services) were poorly addressed, and cooperation with other services (e.g., police or social services) was sometimes deemed as critical. Conclusions By evaluating a program offered by a SCW to IPV survivors through the lens of the EPM model, we found that women deemed the program as effective when both individual resources and empowerment processes were promoted. Strengths, limitations and implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Culture of Interpersonal Communication in ICU Nurses: An Ethnographic Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Mahvar ◽  
Behzad Hemmatpour ◽  
Hamidreza Saiediborojeni ◽  
Hamideh Mashalchi ◽  
Masoud Fallahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Top Down ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Interpersonal Nurses Communication (IPC) in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is known to be important due to the critical situation of patients and the nurses’ experience with moral distress. Nurses interpersonal relationships and ways of resolving conflicts are influenced by the culture of this sector. Aim: To specify the culture of IPC among nurses in ICU. Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative multi-site ethnographic study conducted from May 2017 to September 2019 at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through participatory observation and formal and informal semi-structured interviews. The study environment included four ICUs in two hospitals. Data were obtained from an uninterrupted observation for five months, intermittent observation for six months, 15 formal interviews and 31 informal interviews. The process stems from the research evolutionary cycle model and Spradley’s Steps. In order to discover the meaning of the patterns from the obtained themes, the findings were interpreted after analysis. In this study, Spradley method was used to analyse the data. Results: In this study, 66.7% of the nurses were female, the mean age was 38.66±9.1 years, and mean work experience was 14.43±8.4 years. The three main themes of the high-level code consensus emerged as follows: Grouping which included the formation of groups, cooperation and competition between groups, and demarcation and characteristics of groups. The governing organisational relationships include managerial strategies and nature of the wards. And the individual characteristics that included top-down look, work discipline and experience. Conclusion: The IPC among the ICU nurses is a dynamic and inevitable process and influenced by factors such as nurses’ membership in the groups established in the ICU, nurses’ cooperation, management strategies, physical and emotional nature of critical care units, work experience and former communications, discipline, and features such as a top-down attitude.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a sitting light volleyball intervention to adults with physical impairments: Qualitative study using Social–Ecological Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka Man Leung ◽  
Pak-Kwong Chung ◽  
William Chu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Physical Impairments ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Background: This study was a part of 15-week sitting light volleyball (SLVB) intervention program which examined the effects of the intervention on the physical and psychological attributes of adults with physical impairments (PWPI) in Hong Kong. Gaining a deeper understanding of the perceptions and experiences of PWPI in the SLVB intervention is critical to the development of SLVB as a physical activity and a sport. The aims of this study were (a) to assess participants’ experiences of the intervention and (b) to examine the suitability and feasibility of SLVB intervention for PWPI. Methods: Twenty participants (mean age = 53.52 years, standard deviation 9.02 years; 60% female; 25% with at least a college degree) participated in semi-structured interviews. Results: Content analysis revealed features of their experiences at the individual or intrapersonal level (physical and psychological health, enjoyment, novelty, competence, autonomy), interpersonal level (socialization and teamwork, social support), organizational and community levels (perceived sport venue environment, venue accessibility, safety, dissemination of information), and policy level (resources allocation by the government). The participants also commented on the suitability and feasibility of the SLVB intervention for PWPI, its content and coaching, the modified rules, the duration of sessions, scheduling, and the number of participants and coaches. Conclusions: This study identified several themes relevant to the promotion of PWPI engagement with SLVB and demonstrated that adopting a multilevel approach to the intervention resulted in positive outcomes for participants. Playing SLVB is suitable and feasible for PWPI. The findings contribute to the understanding of the experiences PWPI had of the SLVB intervention, which is critical to the further development of SLVB as a physical activity and a sport.

Talent Retention for Succession Planning in the Defence Forces

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-71
Author(s):  
Neeta Baporikar
Keyword(s):  
Succession Planning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Security Sector ◽  
Talent Retention ◽  
Senior Officers ◽  
The Individual

Retaining a talented workforce in any sector is crucial to gaining growth in this competitive environment. Defence is no exception, especially in the current geopolitical environment. Trained military officers in the security sector are crucial, and hence, succession planning is a priority for both developed and emerging economies. Based on Zinger's talent-based theory, this is a qualitative study employing the phenomenological approach with case study design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, and through semi-structured interviews, data was collected from 20 senior officers from the rank of major and above working at different directorates. Findings reveal that talent retention improved succession planning through ensuring self-sustenance and competitive advantage by building a pool of experts as successors who are also motivated and empowered with a sense of belonging. Recommendations include a relook at the organizational culture and structural posting with a focus not only on years of serving but also on the skills and knowledge of the individual.

scholarly journals Physicians’, Nurses’ and Pharmacists’ Perceptions of Determinants to Deprescribing in Nursing Homes Considering Three Levels of Action: A Qualitative Study

Pharmacy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Rose-Anna Foley ◽  
Lucie Lechevalier Hurard ◽  
Damien Cateau ◽  
Daria Koutaissoff ◽  
Olivier Bugnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
System Level ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Medication Costs ◽  
The Individual

Background: Polypharmacy and the use of potentially inappropriate medications are frequent safety issues among nursing home (NH) residents. Deprescribing can significantly reduce the number of drugs used, medication costs, and mortality. This qualitative study sought to understand and compare the perceptions and practices of nurses, pharmacists, and physicians regarding deprescribing in Swiss NHs, referring to an implementation approach on three levels of action: the individual, the institution, and the healthcare system. Methods: Two focus groups were held with 21 participants: one focus group with 11 pharmacists, another with 10 nurses and six semi-structured interviews with physicians were conducted and focused on their individual experience and practices. They were audiotaped and fully transcribed, and a content analysis was performed using to MAXQDA (Ver 12) software. Results: (1) At an individual level, physicians were concerned by consequences of deprescribing in terms of safety. Nurses were closest to residents and stressed the importance of finding the right time, creating a bond of trust before deprescribing and considering the purpose of the stay in the NH. Pharmacists relied on structured guides for deprescribing, which led their reflection and practice. All professionals saw the complexity of the clinical situations, as well as residents’ and relatives’ fears of interruption of care. (2) At an institutional level, the professionals stressed the lack of time to discuss patients’ health and treatment, while pre-existing interprofessional collaboration, specifically, quality circles, seemed useful tools to create common knowledge. In order to reduce prescriptions, better coordination between physicians, nurses, pharmacists and specialists seemed crucial. (3) At the health system level, funding still needs to be provided to consolidate the process, go beyond organisational constraints and ensure deprescribing serves the patient’s wellbeing above all. Conclusions: At the individual level of implementation, the different healthcare professionals expressed specific concerns about deprescribing, depending on their defined role in NHs. Their perspective about the different levers to promote deprescribing at institutional and healthcare system levels converge towards interprofessional collaboration supported by the healthcare system. Specific funding and incentives are therefore needed to support a sustainable interprofessional team.

scholarly journals Perspectives of educational sciences experts and nursing professionals on task-based curriculum components

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Najibe Ebadi ◽  
Shahram Ranjdoust ◽  
Mohamad Azimi
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Educational Method ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nursing Professionals

Background: Task-based curriculum is a new educational approach which is accepted in many medical universities as a suitable teaching and learning method. It is a comprehensive system across various disciplines that emphasizes one set of tasks. The objective of this study was to consider educational and nursing professionals’ perspectives on task-based curriculum components in the nursing field. Methods: This qualitative study follows a phenomenological approach and was conducted in the summer of 2018 with 12 educational experts and nursing professionals through purposeful sampling up to saturation of the data; confidentiality of information was observed; and participants could leave the study at any time. The method used for data collection was conducted through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using the seven-levels Colaizzi method. Results: After analyzing and integrating the main components, six main components were identified and 32 subcomponents were extracted. The main components encompass taskbased curriculum features, effective factors of task-based curriculum in designing task-based curriculum, procedures of task-based curriculum, and gaps in procedure of task-based curriculum, required skills in curriculum, and effective forces on designing of curriculum Conclusion: Results showed that the task-based curriculum approach is an active educational method that requires active student participation. It emphasizes the creation of knowledge by the individual. Individuals learn knowledge and gain skills in clinical settings. With this approach, theory and clinical performance are measured together.

scholarly journals The construction of meaning in alcohol addiction: A narrative study of socially excluded people’s stories about alcohol

2021 ◽  
pp. 145507252199922
Author(s):  
Line Lund Eriksen ◽  
Bente Hoeck
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Alcohol Addiction ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Construction Of Meaning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Socially Excluded

Aim: The aim of this study is to illuminate the experience of living with alcohol addiction from the perspective of socially excluded people outside the healthcare system. It presents the results from a qualitative study of five personal narratives from socially excluded men living with alcohol addiction in Denmark. The group is rarely heard and often underprioritised in the Danish healthcare system, contributing to the social inequality in public health. Therefore, giving them a voice will contribute important insight into the individuals’ own experiences and understandings of their situations. Design: Five semi-structured interviews were conducted with socially excluded people living with alcohol addiction. Positioned in a narrative methodology, the focus of the study was on the construction of meaning on a structural, performative and thematic level of the narratives of addiction, as told by the person with addiction. Results: Social identities as “alcoholics” were constructed across the narratives; however, there was a distinct difference between the different informants’ own positions. Some constructed meaning in their addiction by including an identity as a stereotypical “drunk” defined as a certain type of unhealthy, unkempt, low-income addict. Others distanced themselves from this identity. Furthermore, alcohol was presented with a double meaning, being associated with positive memories and relationships as well as negative consequences and bad experiences, complicating a potential wish for sobriety. Conclusions: The study illuminates the individual perspectives in the identity construction of socially excluded people with alcohol addiction. When relating to the characteristics of the stereotypical “drunk”, the individuals’ self-perspectives may differ from the common understanding. The constructed identities reflected the participants’ lived experience with addiction, with alcohol as an unavoidable life companion, consequently creating individual meaning in one’s addiction.

The Role of Interpersonal Communication in Students’ Self-control to Avoid Substance Abuse

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Ade Tuti Turistiati ◽  
Baby Poernomo
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Control ◽  
School Students ◽  
Qualitative Research Design

This study aims at answering the questions what causes many junior high school students fall into drug abuse, and what kind of treatment  must be done so that students have self-control and are not subject to drug abuse. This study employed a phenomenological approach of a qualitative research design.  In this study a semi-structured interview is used to understand how participants experienced the phenomenon. The research revealed that the interpersonal communication has a major role in students' self-control so as not to fall into drug abuse. This study contributes significantly to educational field particularly teachers in secondary schools so that it can be used as a reference to provide counseling to parents about the importance of interpersonal communication to build students’ self-control to prevent teens from falling into drug abuse.

MEMBANGUN PEMAHAMAN RELASIONAL MELALUI KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uus Uswatusolihah
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structure Form ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Surrounding Structure ◽  
Interpersonal Communications

This paper focuses on how interpersonal communication is built to achieveagreement and uses phenomenological approach. It is based on a research on therelationship between lecturer and student in the process of thesis consultation inSTAIN Purwokerto.This paper explains that the model of their relationship is a role model, inwhich the role is formed through a surrounding structure. Form and context ofinterpersonal communication happen in a kind of face to face dialogues andindividually. The process of communication hardly found in groups, or withcommunication media such as telephone and internet. Seen from its effectiveness,it is found that most of the interpersonal communications are effective enough tobuild agreement between the individuals involved in the process.

Erfahrung ohne Erfahrenden

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Petr Kouba
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
Individual Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Il Y A ◽  
Individual Existence ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Intentional Structure

This article examines the limits of Heidegger’s ontological description of emotionality from the period of Sein und Zeit and Die Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik along the lines outlined by Lévinas in his early work De l’existence à l’existant. On the basis of the Lévinassian concept of “il y a”, we attempt to map the sphere of the impersonal existence situated out of the structured context of the world. However the worldless facticity without individuality marks the limits of the phenomenological approach to human existence and its emotionality, it also opens a new view on the beginning and ending of the individual existence. The whole structure of the individual existence in its contingency and finitude appears here in a new light, which applies also to the temporal conditions of existence. Yet, this is not to say that Heidegger should be simply replaced by Lévinas. As shows an examination of the work of art, to which brings us our reading of Moravia’s literary exposition of boredom (the phenomenon closely examined in Die Grundbegriffe der Metaphysik), the view on the work of art that is entirely based on the anonymous and worldless facticity of il y a must be extended and complemented by the moment in which a new world and a new individual structure of experience are being born. To comprehend the dynamism of the work of art in its fullness, it is necessary to see it not only as an ending of the world and the correlative intentional structure of the individual existence, but also as their new beginning.

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