scholarly journals The relation between the gut microbiome and osteoarthritis: A systematic review of literature

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261353
Author(s):  
Emanuele Chisari ◽  
Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker ◽  
Alex W. Friedrich ◽  
Javad Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Joint Axis ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background Along with mechanical and genetic factors, emerging evidence suggests that the presence of low-grade inflammation has a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) and seems to be related to the microbiome composition of the gut. Purpose To provide evidence whether there is clinical or preclinical evidence of gut-joint axis in the pathogenesis and symptoms of OA. Methods An extensive review of the current literature was performed using three different databases. Human, as well as animal studies, were included. The risk of bias was identified using ROBINS and SYRCLE tools, while the quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE and CAMADARES criteria. Results A total of nineteen articles were included. Multiple animal studies demonstrated that both obesity, and high-fat and high-sugar diets resulted in a gut dysbiosis status characterized by increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) phyla ratio and increased permeability. These changes were associated with increased lipopolysaccharide serum levels, which consequently resulted in synovitis and OA severity. The administration of pre-and probiotics partially reversed this bacterial composition. In addition, in human studies, a decreased amount of gut Bacteroidetes, subsequent increased F/B ratio, have also been observed in OA patients. Conclusions Our review confirms preliminary yet sound evidence supporting a gut-joint axis in OA in primarily preclinical models, by showing an association between diet, gut dysbiosis and OA radiological severity and self-reported symptoms. Clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings, and to investigate whether interventions targeting the composition of the microbiome will have a beneficial clinical effect.

scholarly journals Metformin Protects against Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Sanna Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Glomerular Epithelial Cells ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Metformin is the most commonly prescribed drug for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Its mechanisms of action have been under extensive investigation, revealing that it has multiple cellular targets, either direct or indirect ones, via which it regulates numerous cellular pathways. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), the serious complication of T2D, develops in up to 50% of the individuals with T2D. Various mechanisms contribute to the development of DKD, including hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation, altered autophagic activity and insulin resistance, among others. Metformin has been shown to affect these pathways, and thus, it could slow down or prevent the progression of DKD. Despite several animal studies demonstrating the renoprotective effects of metformin, there is no concrete evidence in clinical settings. This review summarizes the renoprotective effects of metformin in experimental settings. Special emphasis is on the effects of metformin on podocytes, the glomerular epithelial cells that are central in maintaining the glomerular ultrafiltration function.

scholarly journals Association Between the Use of a Mobile Health Strategy App and Biological Changes in Breast Cancer Survivors: Prospective Pre-Post Study

10.2196/15062 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. e15062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lozano-Lozano ◽  
Lucia Melguizo-Rodríguez ◽  
Carolina Fernández-Lao ◽  
Noelia Galiano-Castillo ◽  
Irene Cantarero-Villanueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Predictors Of Change

Background There is a bidirectional relationship between chronic low-grade inflammation and cancer. Inflammatory markers, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been associated with both the malignant transformation of epithelial cells and tumor progression, thus linking low-grade inflammation with a higher risk of cancer and recurrence in the survival phase. Therefore, they are considered valuable prognostic biomarkers. Knowing and finding appropriate primary prevention strategies to modify these parameters is a major challenge in reducing the risk of cancer recurrence and increasing survival. Different therapeutic strategies have shown efficacy in the modification of these and other biological parameters, but with contradictory results. There are apparently no strategies in which telemedicine, and specifically mobile health (mHealth), are used as a means to potentially cause biological changes. Objective The objectives of this study were to: (1) check whether it is feasible to find changes in inflammation biomarkers through an mHealth strategy app as a delivery mechanism of an intervention to monitor energy balance; and (2) discover potential predictors of change of these markers in breast cancer survivors (BCSs). Methods A prospective quasi-experimental pre-post study was conducted through an mHealth energy balance monitoring app with 73 BCSs, defined as stage I-IIIA of breast cancer and at least six months from the completion of the adjuvant therapy. Measurements included were biological salivary markers (IL-6 and C-reactive protein [CRP]), self-completed questionnaires (the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30, the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale [uMARS] and an ad hoc clinical and sociodemographic questionnaire) and physical objective measures (accelerometry, weight and height). In addition, using the logging data of the mHealth app, the rate of use (in days) was recorded during the entire experimental phase of the study. Using Stata software, a paired two-tailed t test, Pearson and Spearman correlations, and a stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to interpret the data. Results Analyzing changes in inflammatory biomarker concentrations after using the mHealth app, differences between preassessment CRP (4899.04 pg/ml; SD 1085.25) and IL-6 (87.15 pg/ml; SD 33.59) and postassessment CRP (4221.24 pg/ml; SD 911.55) and IL-6 (60.53 pg/ml; SD 36.31) showed a significant decrease in both markers, with a mean difference of –635.25 pg/ml (95% CI –935.65 to –334.85; P<.001) in CRP and –26.61 pg/ml (95% CI –42.51 to –10.71; P=.002) in IL-6. Stepwise regression analyses revealed that changes in global quality of life, as well as uMARS score and hormonal therapy, were possible predictors of change in CRP concentration after using the mHealth app. In the same way, the type of tumor removal surgery conducted, as well as changes in weight and pain score, were possible predictors of change in IL-6 concentration after using the app. Conclusions In conclusion, through the results of this study, we hypothesize that there is a possible association between an mHealth energy balance monitoring strategy and biological changes in BCSs. These changes could be explained by different biopsychosocial parameters, such as the use of the application itself, quality of life, pain, type of tumor removal surgery, hormonal treatment or obesity.

scholarly journals The Roles of the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Older Adults With Frailty

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuShuang Xu ◽  
XiangJie Liu ◽  
XiaoXia Liu ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
MengMeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Frailty is a major public issue that affects the physical health and quality of life of older adults, especially as the population ages. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been speculated to accelerate the aging process as well as the development of age-related diseases such as frailty. Intestinal homeostasis plays a crucial role in healthy aging. The interaction between the microbiome and the host regulates the inflammatory response. Emerging evidence indicates that in older adults with frailty, the diversity and composition structure of gut microbiota are altered. Age-associated changes in gut microbiota composition and in their metabolites contribute to increased gut permeability and imbalances in immune function. In this review, we aim to: identify gut microbiota changes in the aging and frail populations; summarize the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of frailty; and outline how gut microbiota may be related to the pathogenesis of frailty, more specifically, in the regulation of gut-derived chronic inflammation. Although additional research is needed, the regulation of gut microbiota may represent a safe, easy, and inexpensive intervention to counteract the chronic inflammation leading to frailty.

scholarly journals LTB4-Driven Inflammation and Increased Expression of ALOX5/ACE2 During Severe COVID-19 in Individuals with Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Icaro Bonyek-Silva ◽  
Antônio Fernando Araújo Machado ◽  
Thiago Cerqueira-Silva ◽  
Sara Nunes ◽  
Márcio Rivison Silva Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Care Assistance ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Diabetes is a known risk factor for severe COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the evolution of COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether the chronic low-grade inflammation of diabetes could play a role in the development of severe COVID-19. We collected clinical data and blood samples of hospitalized patients for COVID-19, with diabetes and without diabetes. Plasma samples were used to measure inflammatory mediators and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, for gene expression analysis of SARS-CoV-2 main receptor system (<i>ACE2/TMPRSS2</i>) and main molecule of LTB<sub>4</sub> pathway (<i>ALOX5</i>). We found that diabetes activates LTB<sub>4</sub> pathway, and during COVID-19, it increases <i>ACE2/TMPRSS2</i> as well as <i>ALOX5</i> expression. Diabetes was also associated with COVID-19-related disorders, such as reduced SpO2/FiO2 and PaO2/FiO2 levels, and increased disease duration. In addition, the expression of <i>ACE2</i> and <i>ALOX5</i> are positively correlated, with increased expression in COVID-19 patients with diabetes requiring intensive care assistance. We confirmed these molecular results at the protein level, where plasma LTB<sub>4</sub> is significantly increased in individuals with diabetes. Besides, IL-6 serum levels are increased only in individuals with diabetes requiring intensive care assistance. Together, these results indicate that LTB<sub>4</sub> and IL-6 systemic levels, as well as, <i>ACE2</i><i>/ALOX5</i> blood expression could be early markers of severe COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes.

scholarly journals Low-grade inflammation is negatively associated with physical Health-Related Quality of Life in healthy individuals: Results from The Danish Blood Donor Study (DBDS)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e0214468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoa Manh Dinh ◽  
Kathrine Agergård Kaspersen ◽  
Susan Mikkelsen ◽  
Ole Birger Pedersen ◽  
Mikkel Steen Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Blood Donor ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Health-related quality of life relates to obesity and low-grade inflammation in obese individuals

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Slagter ◽  
Bruce Wolffenbuttel ◽  
Andre Van Beek ◽  
Helen Lutgers ◽  
Jana Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals Role of gastrointestinal inflammations in the development and treatment of depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (37) ◽  
pp. 1477-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Fehér ◽  
Illés Kovács ◽  
Corrado Balacco Gabrieli
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestation ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Recent studies have revealed that inflammation, among other factors, may be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. One line of studies has shown that depression is frequently associated with manifest gastrointestinal inflammations and autoimmune diseases as well as with cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, type 2-diabetes and also cancer, in which chronic low-grade inflammation is a significant contributing factor. Thus depression may be a neuropsychiatric manifestation of a chronic inflammatory syndrome. Another line of studies has shown that the primary cause of inflammation may be the dysfunction of the “gut-brain axis”. Although, this is a bidirectional mechanism, life style factors may primarily affect the symbiosis between host mucous membrane and the microbiota. Local inflammation through the release of cytokines, neuropeptides and eicosanoids may also influence the function of the brain and of other organs. Role of metabolic burst due to inflammation represents a new aspect in both pathophysiology and treatment of the depression. Finally, an increasing number of clinical studies have shown that treating gastrointestinal inflammations with probiotics, vitamin B, D and omega 3 fatty acids, through attenuating proinflammatory stimuli to brain, may also improve depression symptoms and quality of life. All these findings justify an assumption that treating gastrointestinal inflammations may improve the efficacy of the currently used treatment modalities of depression and related diseases. However, further studies are certainly needed to confirm these findings. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1477–1485.

Dietary inulin alleviates diverse stages of type 2 diabetes mellitusviaanti-inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in db/db mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1915-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Li ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jing Xue ◽  
Xiaoli Yang ◽  
Xiaoying Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
P Type ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely correlated with chronic low-grade inflammation and gut dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Disruption of the pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines and tight junction proteins expression, associated with changes of the composition of the gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252930
Author(s):  
V. Ivashkin ◽  
Y. Poluektov ◽  
E. Kogan ◽  
O. Shifrin ◽  
A. Sheptulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tight Junction Proteins ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Junction Proteins

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a pathologic condition characterized by changes in gut microbiome composition, low-grade inflammation, and disruption of intestinal wall permeability. The interaction between the gut microbiome and the disease manifestation remains unclear. The changing of tight junction proteins and cytokines expression throughout the gastrointestinal tract in IBS patients has not been studied yet. Aim of the study To assess the changes of gut microbiome composition, tight junction proteins, and cytokines expression of intestinal mucosa from the duodenum to the distal part of the colon in IBS patients and healthy volunteers. Methods In 31 IBS patients (16 patients with IBS-D; 15 patients with IBS-C) and 10 healthy volunteers the expression of CLD-2, CLD-3, CLD-5, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-α in mucosal biopsy specimens was determined by morphological and immune-histochemical methods. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the intestinal microbiota was assessed based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing in both groups of patients. Results The expression of IL-2 and TNF-α was significantly increased in IBS patients compared with the controls (p<0.001), with a gradual increase from the duodenum to the sigmoid colon. The expression of IL-10, CLD-3, and CLD-5 in mucosal biopsy specimens of these patients was lower than in the control group (p<0.001). Increased ratios of Bacteroidetes and decreased ratios of Firmicutes were noted in IBS patients compared to healthy volunteers (p<0.05). Conclusion IBS patients have impaired gut permeability and persisting low-grade inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in the gut microbiota may support or exacerbate these changes.

scholarly journals LTB4-Driven Inflammation and Increased Expression of ALOX5/ACE2 During Severe COVID-19 in Individuals with Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Icaro Bonyek-Silva ◽  
Antônio Fernando Araújo Machado ◽  
Thiago Cerqueira-Silva ◽  
Sara Nunes ◽  
Márcio Rivison Silva Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Early Markers ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Care Assistance ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Diabetes is a known risk factor for severe COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms involved in the evolution of COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether the chronic low-grade inflammation of diabetes could play a role in the development of severe COVID-19. We collected clinical data and blood samples of hospitalized patients for COVID-19, with diabetes and without diabetes. Plasma samples were used to measure inflammatory mediators and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, for gene expression analysis of SARS-CoV-2 main receptor system (<i>ACE2/TMPRSS2</i>) and main molecule of LTB<sub>4</sub> pathway (<i>ALOX5</i>). We found that diabetes activates LTB<sub>4</sub> pathway, and during COVID-19, it increases <i>ACE2/TMPRSS2</i> as well as <i>ALOX5</i> expression. Diabetes was also associated with COVID-19-related disorders, such as reduced SpO2/FiO2 and PaO2/FiO2 levels, and increased disease duration. In addition, the expression of <i>ACE2</i> and <i>ALOX5</i> are positively correlated, with increased expression in COVID-19 patients with diabetes requiring intensive care assistance. We confirmed these molecular results at the protein level, where plasma LTB<sub>4</sub> is significantly increased in individuals with diabetes. Besides, IL-6 serum levels are increased only in individuals with diabetes requiring intensive care assistance. Together, these results indicate that LTB<sub>4</sub> and IL-6 systemic levels, as well as, <i>ACE2</i><i>/ALOX5</i> blood expression could be early markers of severe COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes.

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