scholarly journals The Architecture of Construction

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosamund Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Primary Location ◽  
Construction Knowledge ◽  
Student Projects

The place of technical discourse in studio projects has been much debated.  The studio is the primary location to engage requisite construction knowledge creatively, in which assumptions about materials  could be transformed into tangible investigations with the skill and freedom to reinvent and invent. The paper will investigate the relationship of the craftsmanship of familiar construction methods to a broader context of fabrication and new material possibilities, in order to discuss how construction technique could be drawn into the conceptual centre of design studio projects. How the action of challenging construction conventions with the wide range of available technical advances could converse with the specificity of construction to its local conditions of building and place. Using some case studies, it will propose the value of construction to explore the broader conditions of architecture including its physical and critical topographies.Construction teaching in the studio will be considered in terms of its interrogation and description, as the basis for a discourse, using previous studio experiments.How can construction be developed in the studio so that it is embedded in the conceptual  development of student projects?How can studio construction investigations develop connections to place?In what ways can construction knowledge enable innovation without resisting the value of traditional material culture?

scholarly journals Ontology in Neolithic Britain and Ireland: Beyond Animism

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Chris Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Ontological Difference ◽  
Wide Range

A combination of new animism and new materialism has influenced recent interpretations of the Neolithic archaeology of Britain and Ireland, including decorative and figurative productions often referred to as ‘art’. This article critiques the appeal to animism in some of this work and considers four alternative ways to address the critique. First it considers contextualizing animism by discussing Descola’s identification of four kinds of ontologies—animism, totemism, analogism and naturalism–outlining examples of practices and material culture involved in each. After examining the effect of applying these to the Neolithic archaeology of Britain and Ireland, it then considers identifying Neolithic practices which seem at odds with animism without boxing these as indicative of other categories of ontology. After noting the wide range of Indigenous ontologies such models attempt to characterize, the article advocates an emphasis on ontological difference and attends to ontological diversity within the Neolithic.

scholarly journals Are GPCRs Still a Source of New Targets?

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 947-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Peptide Family ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Receptor Pharmacology ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Allosteric Mechanisms ◽  
G Protein Coupled

G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) still offer enormous scope for new therapeutic targets. Currently marketed agents are dominated by those with activity at aminergic receptors and yet they account for only ~10% of the family. Progress up until now with other subfamilies, notably orphans, Family A/peptide, Family A/lipid, Family B, Family C, and Family F, has been, at best, patchy. This may be attributable to the heterogeneous nature of GPCRs, their endogenous ligands, and consequently their binding sites. Our appreciation of receptor similarity has arguably been too simplistic, and screening collections have not necessarily been well suited to identifying leads in new areas. Despite the relative shortage of high-quality tool molecules in a number of cases, there is an emerging, and increasingly substantial, body of evidence associating many as yet “undrugged” receptors with a very wide range of diseases. Significant advances in our understanding of receptor pharmacology and technical advances in screening, protein X-ray crystallography, and ligand design methods are paving the way for new successes in the area. Exploitation of allosteric mechanisms; alternative signaling pathways such as G12/13, Gβγ, and β-arrestin; the discovery of “biased” ligands; and the emergence of GPCR-protein complexes as potential drug targets offer scope for new and much improved drugs.

scholarly journals Book review: The prehistoric apprentice: Investigating apprenticeship, know-how and expertise in prehistoric technologies; L’apprenti préhistorique: Appréhender l’apprentissage, les savoir-faire et l’expertise à travers les productions techniques des soci

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manek Kolhatkar
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Technological Organization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
French And English ◽  
Culture Variability

Describing cultural change and variability and inferring sociocultural dynamics about past people and communities may be among archaeology’s main goals as a field of practice. In this regard, the concept of skill has proved its usefulness to, time and again, expand the breath of archaeologists and lithic technologists’ analyses. It covers a wide range of applications, from apprenticeship, cognition, paleo-sociology, spatial organization. It is one of the main causes for material culture variability, up there with raw material constraints, design, technological organization or cultural norms. Yet, while skill has certainly been the focus of some research in the last decades, it remains quite peripheral, when considering how central the concept should be to technological inquiries. Whatever the reasons may be, this book, edited by Laurent Klaric and fully bilingual (French and English), aims at changing that, and argues for skill to become a central concern in lithic technology. Its chapters do so strongly and the end-result is a book that should become a reference for lithic technologists, whatever their research interests or schools of thought may be.

scholarly journals Analysis of the ukrainian market of cloud technologies

Connectivity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Fedosiva ◽  
◽  
I. M. Sribna
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Rapid Improvement ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cloud Technologies

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Ukrainian market for the spread of cloud technologies, an overview of growth dynamics, application segments and identifies leading companies that offer services using cloud computing. According to the unanimous forecasts of the world’s leading consulting companies, the rapid improvement and spread of cloud computing is now one of the key trends that in the next 5-8 years will significantly affect the global development of not only the IT industry but also business, finance, public administration, medicine, education and many other areas of human life. Prospects for the rapid development of cloud services in Ukraine encourage more careful consideration of the experience of their application in more «mature» markets and identify the main benefits and risks of these technologies in local conditions. People perceive the cloud as a platform only for storage and computing. However, there are many other opportunities that cloud technologies offer with cloud computing. Currently, cloud computing technologies are becoming increasingly popular. The advantages of this technology are obvious: economy, speed, elasticity, versatility of access. In the future, their use will create a powerful information and telecommunications system, which will be a technological solution for the construction and development of new infrastructure in the country. The world’s largest IT vendors (Microsoft, Amazon, Google and others) somehow implement cloud computing services, providing a wide range of opportunities for users. Thus, cloud computing is software and hardware that is available to the user via the Internet (or local network) in the form of a service that allows you to use a user-friendly web interface for remote access to dedicated resources (computing resources, programs and data). Thus, cloud computing is the next stage of information development of mankind.

scholarly journals BIM and DfMA: A Paradigm of New Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9591
Author(s):  
Sepehr Abrishami ◽  
Rocío Martín-Durán
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Wide Range

The main goal of this study is to explore the adoption of a design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA) and building information management (BIM) approach during the whole lifecycle of assets. This approach aims to tackle issues inherent in the design of traditional construction methods, such as low productivity and quality, poor predictability and building performance, and energy use, through the implementation of a BIM library of off-site components. In recent years, a renewed interest has been directed to the attempt to provide solutions to these urgent problems through the adoption of new advancements in technologies. However, while there are studies focussing on a BIM-DfMA approach, there is a lack of research regarding how this approach should be adopted during the whole lifecycle of the assets. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, defining an efficient way of developing a component-based BIM object library has not yet been included in any of the available studies. A mixed methodology approach has been used in this research. A conceptual framework was developed as the result of an extensive literature review to investigate new advancements in the AEC sector. Following the literature review, the framework was tested and validated through a case study based on the production and adoption of a BIM library of off-site components at the design stage of an asset. The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry has recognised the necessity of a new approach that helps to resolve the well-known issues presented in traditional methods of construction. The conceptual framework and case study proposed presents a valuable new method of construction that support the implementation of a BIM and DfMA approach, highlighting their benefits. This framework has been created using many valuable and reliable sources of information. The result of this research supports the idea of a novel new construction method that focuses on a manufacturing-digital-driven industry, with the use of DfMA in a BIM-integrated approach. This novel method will add significance and be beneficial for a wide range of aspects in the construction sector, contributing to the theoretical and practical domain.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Study for the Shaping Formation of SCST Structures by Cable-tensioning

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
J.W. Kim ◽  
J. H. Doh ◽  
S. Fragomeni
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Study ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Space Truss ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Joint Behaviour

This paper discusses the behaviour characteristics of the shaping formation of Single-Chorded Space Truss (SCST) structures by means of cable-tensioning of bottom chords. The innovative technique is fast and economical and issued in many types of space structures. The small-scale test models presented herein consist of uniform pyramids with multi-directional ball type joints which are erected into their final shape by cable-tensioning. Since the joint behaviour is very significant in studying the shaping of SCST structures, basic tests for beam and pyramidal units were performed. The feasibility of the proposed cable-tensioning technique and the reliability of the established geometric model were confirmed by finite element analysis. The proposed cable-tensioning technique indicates that the behaviour characteristic of joints is very important in the shaping formation of SCST structures. More specifically in situations where heavy cranes are inaccessible, the cable-tensioning construction technique has proven to be an easy and reasonable method compared to conventional construction methods that typically include heavy cranes and scaffolding.

scholarly journals On C-E Translation of Culture-Specific Items from the Perspective of Eco-translatology—A Case Study of Howard Goldblatt’s Red Poppies

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Translation Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
Translation Methods ◽  
New Perspective

<div>This thesis researches the translation of Chinese culture-specific items in <em>Red Poppies</em> from the perspectives of Eco-translatology. Eco-translatology, which was put forward by Chinese scholar Hu Gengshen, adopts some concepts of ecology in translatology and provides a new perspective for translation study and practice. <em>Red Poppies</em> is a novel by Alai whose contents covers a wide range of Tibetan culture and history, which is praised as Tibetan encyclopedia. On one hand, the study focuses on the definition and features of culture-specific items, and their classification of in Red</div><div>Poppies. Based on Nida’s classification of five categories of sub-culture, those culture-specific items are classified into five groups, namely linguistic culture-specific items, material culture-specific items, ecological culture--specific items, social culture-specific items and religious culture-specific items. On the other hand, this thesis explores how Goldblatt deal with those culture-specific items from the perspective of three-dimension transformation in eco-translatology, and it finds translator adopts a combination of foreignization strategy and domestication strategy, and the former plays a dominating role. Besides, various translation methods are adopted such as free translation, transliteration, transliteration plus annotation, and amplification and so on.</div>

Pottery Complex of the Second Half 13th – First Half 15th Centuries from Excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 136-179
Author(s):  
Pavlo Nechytaylo ◽  
◽  
Olena Onohda ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Culture Development

The paper analyses ceramics and buildings remains of the second half 13th – first half 15th centuries, coming from excavations in Kamianets-Podilskyi. It aims to introduce materials into scientific circulation, to compare the collection with synchronous objects from adjacent territories, to trace interactions in the material culture development in late medieval towns. Ceramics of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania times began to be systematically researched relatively recently in Ukraine. Thus, the materials from Kamianets-Podilskyi contribute to deepening our knowledge of less-known periods in the history of Ukraine and Eastern Europe. Materials analyzed were obtained during rescue archaeological research on the Polish Market square in Kamianets. These were fragmented parts of underground and aboveground building structures, as well as a collection of various household items. Building materials were mostly local clays and loam, less often wood and stone were used. A set of clay ‘roll’ blocks set in one of the pits allows us to assume similarity with the Golden Horde building technologies. Finds of coins and Crimean polychrome bowls fragments also indicate the complex emerged during the Golden Horde period. However, certain groups of pottery and coins of European minting define the complex upper date within the first half 15th century. Diverse ceramic types range from the complex is an interesting local typological phenomenon. It reflects mutual influences of the pottery traditions development both in time and space. After processing artefacts collection, the main groups of pottery were identified according to technological features. Some of them are rooted in the local ancient Rus’ traditions, others were formed under the influence of Western trends, while samples of a ‘specific’ group were common for almost the entire territory of modern Ukraine during Late Middle Ages. Pots collection was preliminary systematized up to 5 most common types selection, based on rim profiles. Many of them have a wide range of analogies, locally from Kamianets, as well as from the Western Ukraine, in Poland, Moldova and Romania. In addition to pots, the collection includes other types of kitchen and tableware, such as makitras, lids, jars and other single samples of ceramics. The typological diversity correlates with the multi-layered processes which took place in Kamianets-Podilskyi life during the Golden Horde and the Lithuanian periods. Materials from the complex, as well as other finds from synchronous objects within the city, deepen our understanding of the city’s development large-scale picture, which, however, requires further research.

Synthesis of Longitudinal Joint of Flexible Pavement

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan ◽  
David Porter ◽  
Zhanping You
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Performance Evaluations ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Longitudinal Joint ◽  
Longitudinal Joints ◽  
Machine Operator ◽  
Selection Of

This paper provides a wide range of information related to longitudinal joints of asphalt pavement, such as types of longitudinal joints, performance evaluations, factors of failure, and selection of the best practice in constructing longitudinal joints. Additionally, this synthesis provides an overview of construction methods which are typically used in constructing longitudinal joints, along with guides and approaches implemented by different road builders or authorities to attain a better longitudinal joint. It was found that difficulties during compaction of the asphalt pavement at the center line resulted in poor joint density. This has reduced the performance and durability of pavement that is associated with cracks and degradations due to moisture damage, such as raveling. Results from previous field studies and laboratory evaluations have been summarized to understand the factors of failure of the adjacent joint. The Michigan joint technique was found to be the best method in constructing longitudinal joints of HMA. The cutting wheel and the edge restraining device techniques are also recommended by the asphalt technologists however are dependent on the machine operator to obtain consistent results.  

A Geometry Generation Framework for Contoured Endwalls

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Wood ◽  
R. R. Jones ◽  
O. J. Pountney ◽  
J. A. Scobie ◽  
D. A. S. Rees ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Aerodynamic Loss ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blade Row ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Flow Effects ◽  
Geometric Variation

Abstract The mainstream, or primary, flow in a gas turbine annulus is characteristically two-dimensional over the mid-span region of the blading, where the radial flow is almost negligible. Contrastingly, the flow in the endwall and tip regions of the blading is highly three-dimensional, characterised by boundary layer effects, secondary flow features and interaction with cooling flows. Engine designers employ geometric contouring of the endwall region in order to reduce secondary flow effects and subsequently minimise their contribution to aerodynamic loss. Such is the geometric variation of vane and blade profiles — which has become a proprietary art form — the specification of an effective endwall geometry is equally unique to each blade-row. Endwall design methods, which are often directly coupled to aerodynamic optimisers, are widely developed to assist with the generation of contoured surfaces. Most of these construction methods are limited to the blade-row under investigation, while few demonstrate the controllability required to offer a universal platform for endwall design. This paper presents a Geometry Generation Framework (GGF) for the generation of contoured endwalls. The framework employs an adaptable meshing strategy, capable of being applied to any vane or blade, and a versatile function-based approach to defining the endwall shape. The flexibility of this novel approach is demonstrated by recreating a selection of endwalls from the literature, which were selected for their wide-range of contouring approaches.

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