scholarly journals The influence of the English language on the description of cosmetic products

2017 ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Cristina Tejedor Martínez
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
International Language ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Information Consumers ◽  
Selection Of

The influence of English as an international language has increased in many areas, from scientific, technological, economic and political fields to cinema, music and advertising. The use of English as a global language has exerted an enormous pressure over languages, especially on the lexical level. Since the second half of the 20th century, many works have already dealt with Anglicisms in Spanish (most cases of recent borrowings) in various fields, including fashion (Balteiro and Campos, 2012) and television cosmetics commercials (Rodríguez Medina, 2016a), but the study of descriptions provided by the brands for their cosmetic products has received less attention in Spanish. This paper provides an analysis of facial cosmetics descriptions selected from a corpus collected in 2016 from four Spanish cosmetic brands. Language creativity exploiting both the use of English borrowings and the influence of the English language in some orthographical patterns related to word-formation processes in Spanish in this genre will be discussed. The proportion of the influence of the English language on this kind of texts may be an important factor in determining its socio-psychological effect on the target public; besides, the quantitative results will be compared with those obtained in our previous studies in the fields of tourism and computing. A qualitative analysis of a selection of examples from our corpus will be offered. The present study intends to illustrate the influence of the English language on the information consumers can read about cosmetic products.

scholarly journals Blend Words and Their Influence on the Lexicon and Future of English Language

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Laila Othman Baram ◽  
Aram Kamil Noori
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
New Words

This research studies the widening range of forming and using blend (portmanteau) words in English language. It sheds light on the fact that most blend words are exocentric not only for second language learners but also to natives too, since they have not been listed in English dictionaries. Even if listed; still the continuous process of forming blend words will leave no room to catch up with listing all of them. English nowadays has become the most dominant language and at the same time it has been influenced by some factors as much as it has been influential. In terms of word formation processes especially blending, one can realize how rapidly and unexpectedly new words are coined for new purposes in accordance with daily life needs. In this era of speed; English native speakers, as their nature, do like to economize in their word choice especially in their word formation processes such as blending, acronyms, clipping and all types of abbreviations. In fact, the inevitability of life change as the result of daily life’s needs inventions influences English language in many ways. In addition, the policy of economizing and being selective reflects well on letter choice and word forming processes. In relation to this, the consequences of life change can be noted in studying blend forms in English. Some simple examples are: blunch, chexting, spork, feminar, brinner, brunch, fanzin, hubot, smog, etc. In a nut shell, the research states the inevitable and intriguing change of English words in the process of blending in which two or more words are cut and mixed together to form a new form, called a blend word. One basic point here is that a blend word is not simply one word; brinner as an example is formed from three other words (breakfast + lunch + dinner) to describe a situation in which you just have one meal instead of the three. Most of blend words have not so far been listed in English dictionaries. So this continuous process of forming new words does a great change to English vocabularies now and in the upcoming years.

scholarly journals Social Networks: A Source of Lexical Innovation and Creativity in Contemporary Peninsular Spanish

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rodríguez Arrizabalaga
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Peninsular Spanish

There is no doubt that the Internet, where English is ubiquitous, has revolutionized our way of life. Socially, it has opened frontiers to such an extent that nowadays human beings can be permanently connected, no matter the distance between them, in virtual encounters where social networks play a crucial role. Linguistically, on the other hand, it has created a new global language which combines properties of written and oral speech. The Internet’s lexical level, in particular, is described as extremely innovative, creative and playful since it is full of neologisms, many of which are Anglicisms, coined to name the new realities constantly brought along with the evolution of the digital world. In order to demonstrate that social networks are indeed the source of a wide array of creative and playful neological Anglicisms in Peninsular Spanish, we have carried out a corpus-based analysis of the names of five current social and interactive forms of Internet communication in two contemporary Spanish corpora; specifically, that of the indirect social network generically known as the blog and those of the direct social networks Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and WhatsApp. Our study focuses, specifically, on four facets of these neological Anglicisms: (i) their date of introduction into the language; (ii) their frequency of occurrence; (iii) their diverse spellings; and (iv) finally, the different word-formation processes they enter.

COVID-19: On the Peculiarities of Lexical Neoplasms Emerged During the Coronavirus Pandemic (Based on the English Language Material)

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
O. Polonskaya ◽  
Ya. Polonskaya
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Subject

The proliferation of new words and phrases accompanying the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has led to new lexical and sociolinguistic changes that have become part of our lives. The present study attempts to examine the nature of new English words and expressions that emerged after the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine the type of word-formation processes that contributed to the emergence of these neologisms in English. The problem is that the emergence of a large number of neologisms associated with the COVID 19 pandemic creates difficulties when translating and applying them in speech. The object of the study is neologisms that appeared during the period of the COVID pandemic in the English language in 2020-2021. The subject of the research is the peculiarities of the formation of neologisms in modern English. The relevance of this work is conditioned by the need to study the new vocabulary that appears in speech due to the changes taking place in modern society under the influence of globalization. Language reflects today's changes as a global and unprecedented phenomenon, the memory of which will remain in history. Lexical neoplasms emerged during the pandemic period allow people to be versed in what is happening, regulate relationships and adapt to new living conditions.

scholarly journals A diachronic-synchronic review of gender in English

2007 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The State ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Broad View ◽  
Linguistic Universal

Why does man occur more frequently in the English language than woman does? Has the expression of gender evolved through the centuries or is it a non-changing linguistic universal? To what extent are inflections and word-formation processes able to convey gender in present-day English? This paper reviews a number of questions which have raised interest among scholars for many years, and which can now be reconsidered from a 21st-century perspective. To this end, the expression of gender is examined and illustrated from Old English to contemporary English to observe the alternatives which language provides and the differences in each of the periods covered. This allows taking a broad view of the state of the art, which seems necessary for an understanding of how biological sex can be expressed in the English language.

scholarly journals The status of new English loanwords in the language of secondary school students

Bastina ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Valentina Gavranović ◽  
Marijana Prodanović
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Target Language ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Insight Into

Language change is an important characteristic of any language, and its manifestations are most obvious in the structure and content of the lexicon. The lexicon of the Serbian language has been changing not only as a result of various word formation processes, but also under the influence of the process of borrowing, particularly from the English language, nowadays a dominant global language which permeates all areas of human activity. English loanwords play a significant role in the change of the lexicon of the Serbian language, and are being adopted and used in everyday oral and written communication, particularly by younger people, who are more open to accept these changes. This paper investigates the status of some English loanwords among secondary school students, and how these words affect their lexicon. The research focuses on the analysis of students' answers to the questions containing a corpus of selected loanwords taken from the dictionary 'Rečnik novijih anglicizama' (Vasić et al., 2001), whose aim is to determine which English loanwords have already been assimilated and perceived as words of domestic origin, and which words are still felt as foreign by the students. This paper also investigates semantic characteristics of these loanwords, and how the students use them and understand their original meaning. The analysis of the answers casts a deeper insight into the way loanwords are used in the target language the longer they stay therein.

COVID-19 trending neologisms and word formation processes in English

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Saleh Al-Salman ◽  
Ahmad S. Haider
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
New Words ◽  
Social Networking Websites ◽  
Different Sources

The surge of new words and phrases accompanying the sudden COVID-19 outbreak has created new lexical and sociolinguistic changes that have become part of our lives. The emergence of COVID-19s coinages has remarkably increased to establish a trending base of global neologisms. The present study attempts to investigate the nature of the new English words and expressions that emerged in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis. It also identifies the type of word-formation processes that contributed to the emergence of these neologisms in the English language. The researchers compiled a corpus of 208 COVID-19-inspired neologisms from different sources, including social networking websites, search engines, blogs, and news articles. The analysis revealed that word-formation processes were so varied to cover all possible forms of derivation, including affixation, compounding, blending, clipping, acronyms, among others, along with dual word-formation processes, with compounding and blending being the most discrete. The findings showed that the flux of new terms demonstrates the creativity and vitality of the English language to respond to emerging situations in times of crisis. The study recommends that further research be carried out on the new terms that have been transferred to other languages as loanwords, loan-translations and loan-blends.

scholarly journals World Englishes or English as a Lingua Franca: Where does English in China stand?

English Today ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan (Gabriel) Fang
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Early Research ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Outer Circle ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
International Language ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
Future Status

As the English language spreads and functions as an international language, scholars have been investigating some of the ideological issues behind the function and use of English in various contexts, and have pondered the future status of this global language. From early research of World Englishes (WE) the legitimacy of post-colonial Englishes, or ‘New Englishes’, as they have been termed, has emerged in scholars’ discussions (Platt, Weber & Ho, 1984; Kachru, 1985, 1992). Some have argued that the research on WE envisages the varieties of English in the outer circle contexts, such as the varieties of English spoken in Singapore, Nigeria, and India, and that people have used those varieties of English to exhibit their own identities (Kachru, 1992; Kachru & Nelson, 2006). Therefore, WE has created ‘new paradigms and perspectives for linguistic and pedagogical research and for understanding the linguistic creativity in multilingual situations across cultures’ (Kachru, 1985: 30).

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF ENGLISH ANTHROPONYMIC NOMINATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (8(38)) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Oksana Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Information Revolution ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Semantic Level

At the beginning of the 21st century innovative language processes at the lexico-semantic level are the most active in the fields that are caused by such macrosocial factors as the information revolution and information- related activities in all human societies. The article describes the extra- linguistic factors that influence the formation of anthroponymic nominations in the modern English language, focusing on different word formation processes and demonstrates the contiguous interaction between language and society.

scholarly journals Toward English as an International Language Perspective: Reconception of „Proficiency in English‟ for the Indonesian Local Context in Today‟s World

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5C) ◽  
pp. 1575-1580
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Competence ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Personal Constructs ◽  
International Language ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Global Language

For many years, English Language Teaching (henceforth ELT) in Indonesia has adopted a monolithic view toward the so-called ‘native speaker English’ as an ideal target language. However, this view has been challenged by the pluralistic view of English. Sociolinguistics realities indicate the plurality of the English language has grown enormously around the world. In term of English proficiency, this notion is made more complicated in the absence of any unitary framework and by the diverse meanings arising from in its use as a global language. The aim of this study is to identify the attributes of ‘Proficiency in English’ which suits with the local needs for the Indonesian context in today’s world. To this end, the personal constructs of a small number of English teachers were explored and identified. A Repertory Grid interview technique was used to elicit the meanings of ‘Proficiency in English’ which were based on the teachers’ understanding. For analyzing the qualitative data, a thematic analysis was employed to formulate the themes. These teachers of English revealed that they perceived ‘Proficiency in English’ comprising knowledge of English and abilities to apply it in real situations. Surprisingly, they also declared that to be proficient in English, one should have intercultural competence and employ it for the intercultural and cross-cultural communications internationally which has been advocated by the English as an International language (henceforth EIL) perspective. The findings of this study could be used to inform ELT program and its practices in the Indonesian context.

scholarly journals Blending: A brief history of misconception

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Streltsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Word Play ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
High Level

The article considers the main aspects of word-fusion, which is a means of word-building that has become popular in the last few decades. As a result, many scientific papers appeared whose authors are quite often not familiar with each other’s findings. That is why we aimed to highlight the major challenging aspects as well as little-known aspects of word-fusion and to present the main results obtained by researchers. We have shown that word-fusion has been in use at least since the 16th century, and not only in the English language. Now words derived according to the pattern are found in many languages of Continental Europe (German, French, Italian, etc.) and presumably existed in some languages, that are now extinct. There is a considerable number of literature on the subject that first appeared in the early 20th century, whereas in this country it happened half a century later. However, there were no less than ten theses, defended by Soviet and Russian linguists indicating a relatively high level of scrutiny. Nowadays, practically everyone recognizes the fact, that word-fusion is a separate productive word-building means used not only for word-play but also for term-building, and nomination of new objects and phenomena, mostly hybrid ones. As far as there is still no universally accepted term for the word-formation means in question, we propose “blending” which is mostly used by foreign and many Russian scholars, or “word-fusion” which is brief and semantically transparent.

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