scholarly journals HIDROGEOQUÍMICA DAS ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS NO MUNICÍPIO DE LENÇÓIS, BAHIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatas Batista Mattos ◽  
Manoel Jerônimo Moreira Cruz ◽  
Francisco Carlos Fernandes De Paula
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

This study aimed to point out the hydrogeochemistry groundwater in the municipality of Lençóis, State of Bahia, to classify them according to the content and types of dissolved salts. To this, twenty sampling points were listed in the groundwater in aquifers formed by metasediments, detritical covers and limestones, with the purpose of analyze the following parameters: electrical conductivity, temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, HCO3, PO4, SO4, Cl-, NO3, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Mn4+, Sr2+ and Ba2+. The results showed that the groundwater in the municipality of Lençóis are distributed into two zones with different hydrogeochemistry, one of the largest controlled by geological clastic metasedimentary rocks typologies (sandstones, quartzites, conglomeratics, detritical covers) where the process of water-rock interaction allows occur little quantity salt water, slightly acidic, sweet, soft and predominantly sulfated sodic. The other zone is controlled by chemical metasedimentary rocks (limestones) as well as bicarbonates, where they occur hard water, slightly alkaline, sweets and sulfated calcic and mixed. The levels of metals and elements nitrate, phosphate and sulfate presented themselves generally at low concentrations, with some deviations detected in points of the urban area.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE TIDES ON THE PHYSICALCHEMICAL PARAMETERS PRESENT IN THE WATERS OF THE GUARAGUAÇU RIVER - PR

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
I. STASZCZAK ◽  
J. R. C. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
High Tide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oceanic Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Sampling Zone ◽  
The One

The GuaraguaçU River is an important Paranaense coastal ecosystem. As this water body approaches the mouth of the river, fresh water is gradually mixed with the salt water of the ocean by the action of the tidal cycle, thus characterizing the estuarine environment. In this study gravimetric tests were carried out to determine the concentration of total solids dissolved in the samples of said river. These values were compared with those of electrical conductivity and the salinity of the samples. Sixteen samples were collected in each of the two sampling periods, with the first period being high tide and the other with low tide. For the homogeneity of the results, the distance between the sampling points was 1100m, making the total of 18km. By evaluating the results obtained, one can notice that in the mixing of the waters three very distinct zones are formed: the first is the one in which there is predominance of continental water; the second is where the mixture of continental and oceanic waters occurs and the third is where there is predominance of oceanic water. In the second sampling zone, the increase in the values of the obtained results is clearly observed, the closer they are to the mouth of the river.

scholarly journals Evolution of groundwater chemistry in coastal aquifers of the Northern Dvina basin (NW Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 07016
Author(s):  
Alexander Malov
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Groundwater Chemistry ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Calcite Dissolution ◽  
Alkaline Earth Elements ◽  
Northern Dvina Basin ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The specific objective of the study is to clarify the sources and characteristics of groundwater chemistry in coastal aquifers of the Northern Dvina basin. It has been established that the chemical composition of fresh water evolves in the direction (Ca-Mg-HCO3) - (Na-HCO3) - (Na-Cl). It is due to successive replacement of the process of calcite dissolution in the recharge area on the watershed i) by the process of hydrolysis of sodium aluminosilicates in the transit zone and ii) by the processes of mixing fresh water with salt water and brines, cation exchange of alkaline earth elements with alkaline elements and dissolution of gypsum near discharge areas at the seashore and in paleovalleys. In the brackish and salty waters the Na/Ca ratio is reduced to 1-4. This indicates that in the aquifers there are other sources of Ca, in addition to the dissolution of gypsum. The most probable process is the hydrolysis of Ca-aluminosilicates, which indicates a significant time of water-rock interaction. The “brackish1” water with TDS 5-6 g·L-1, is particularly distinguished by the degree of modification due to water-rock interaction.

The Chemical Dynamic Characteristic Research of Inland Shallow Salt Water

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 1185-1188
Author(s):  
Tong Qiang Peng ◽  
Feng Juan Zhang ◽  
Li Ting Xing ◽  
Yan Cheng Han ◽  
Zhao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Resources Exploitation ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Shallow inland water resources has a large potential for development. To Jiyang shallow groundwater for example, through the regular ion-test analysis, Piper diagram and hydrogeochemical characteristics, the results show that: (1) The type of chemistry of shallow groundwater inland were Cl·SO4-Mg·Na·Ca; (2) The salt water area is relatively fixed, there is no expansion or decreasing trend; (3) The level flow of shallow groundwater is slow and water rock interaction is strong, that is not conducive to the shallow groundwater quality improvement, changing the runoff conditions of shallow groundwater is essential way for shallow groundwater resources exploitation.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Controlling Factors of Typical Dolomite Karst Basin in Humid Subtropical Zone

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Shizhen Xiao ◽  
Cheng Zeng ◽  
Jiacheng Lan ◽  
Yongning Di ◽  
Jianghu He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Karst Area ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The hydrochemical characteristics and variation rules of water in karst areas are important for the basic research of karst field. Because only a few researches focused on the hydrochemical characteristics of humid subtropical dolomite karst basins in the past, the Shanmuhe Basin and its subbasin Huangzhouhe Basin in Shibing Dolomite Karst World Natural Heritage Site in China were selected as the study area. A total of 215 water samples were collected and analyzed. It was found that the hydrochemical type of subtropical dolomite karst basin is HCO3-Ca·Mg type, which is different from that in limestone areas and shale districts, which is HCO3-Ca type for both; EC, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Mg2+/Ca2+, and Mg2+/HCO3- have similar spatial variations, which are lower in allogenic water in the upstream in the northwest of the basin and become higher when the water enters the dolomite karst area in the mid and downstream of the basin, and SIC and SID of the allogenic water in the upstream are below zero, while those become saturated after entering the dolomite area in the mid and downstream; the monthly variation of hydrochemistry shows that the seasonal variation of ion concentration is not obvious, and there is a dilution effect in rainy seasons, but the variation of ion concentration is small and relatively stable; higher HCO3- concentration and Mg2+/Ca2+ in the pure dolomite basin are higher than those in the impure dolomite basin; the main influencing factors of the hydrochemical features are geological background especially the lithology, and the water chemistry is mainly controlled by rock weathering and water-rock interaction; rainfall import is low and the low concentrations of K+, Na+, NO3-, Cl-, and SO42- in water indicate that human activities have little effect on the hydrochemistry in the study area.

scholarly journals Physico–Chemical analysis of groundwater quality near the salt-pans of Thoothukudi Districts, Tamilnadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-110
Author(s):  
Jacob Vincent ◽  
Chandra Lekha ◽  
Bagavathi ◽  
Bala Vijaya ◽  
Bhuvaneshwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

The present hydrogeochemical study was confined to the Thoothukudi District in Tamilnadu, India.The groundwater quality near the salt-pans are polluted due to intensive pumping of fresh groundwater which has caused salt water to intrude into the fresh water aquifers. The major water quality parameters such as pH, Electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Chloride and Sulphate etc. were analyzed.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwater from Kazaure Area, NW Nigeria using Multivariate Statistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Musa Ado ◽  
Oluwafemi Adeyeye ◽  
Changlai Xiao ◽  
Xuijuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

This study was aimed at understanding the factors affecting groundwater for the benefit of water resources management. Groundwater collected from 18 sites over an area of 770 Km2 was analysed. Temperature (Temp.), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were measured in the field and 15 chemical parameters analysed in the laboratory. Factor Analysis (FA) of physiochemical results indicated mineralization, weathering of silicates and K-feldspar, and anthropogenic sources were mainly responsible for groundwater chemistry. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed sample clusters were mainly controlled by structure rather than by lithology, water source or altitude because 86% of cluster I samples occurred along a NNE-SSW trending fault zone. It was thus concluded that water-rock interaction, tectonics and anthropogenic factors are responsible for water physiochemistry.

scholarly journals Sources of metasilicate in mineral water of Jingyu County, northeastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Changlai Xiao ◽  
Yajie Yuan ◽  
Xiujuan Liang ◽  
Weifei Yang ◽  
Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
The Other ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Immersion Experiment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The source of metasilicate in mineral water of Jingyu County. located in Changbai Mountains of northeastern China, was analysed through two groups of water-rock interaction experiments. One is a hydrolysis immersion experiment using basalt and the other is an immersion experiment utilizing a mixture of soil, scoria, and clastic basalt under the same conditions. Results indicate that the metasilicate in mineral water is mainly derived from the hydrolysis of silicates and silica in the basalt, scoria, and soil. In the first immersion experiment, the release of metasilicate is linear, with dissolved metasilicate increasing continuously through time at a stable release rate of about 0.01 mg/(kg·day). The second experiment indicates that the contribution of soil and scoria to metasilicate in mineral water is higher than that of clastic basalt under the same conditions.

scholarly journals Mixing Experimental Study on Water-rock Interaction (WRI) in the Inland Shallow Salt Groundwater Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Changsuo ◽  
Xing Liting ◽  
Wang Liyan ◽  
Zhang Fengjuan ◽  
Liu Bo
Keyword(s):  
Salt Water ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Circulation ◽  
Exchange Adsorption ◽  
Action Process ◽  
Strong Evaporation ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The shallow salt groundwater is widely distributed in North Shandong, which makes it difficult for people and livestock to drink daily. In addtion, the genetic mechanism of shallow salt groundwater is complicated. The study was carried out in Xiyan Village of Jiyang County, it choosed the silt buried in 3-9 m depth, shallow salt groundwater and atmospheric precipitation as test materials to measure chemical composition of groundwater. Base on soluble salt test, rain-saltwater mixing test and rain-saltwater-silt mixing test, ions component of mixture were measured, the hydrogeochemical action process of WRI was analyzed and formation-evolution of inland saltwater was deepened knowledge. It is shown that (1) The occurrence threshold of WRI was 20%, which was the volume of saltwater in mixture. (2) When the rainwater, saltwater and silt were mixed together for 12 hours, calcite and dolomite precipitated, halite and gypsum were in dissolved state. When the volume of saltwater in mixture was larger than 20%, gypsum was closed to saturation, the main cation exchange was Mg-Na, the exchange of Ca-Na was in the second place; The order for anion adsorption amount of aquifer medium was SO42- > HCO3- >C-. The study proves that groundwater circulation is slow and continual, some hydrochemical actions (i.e. ion exchange, adsorption, mineral dissolution or precipitation, and strong evaporation-concentration) are happened during the evolution process of inland shallow groundwater. All these will lead to Cl•SO4-Mg•Na type salt or slight salt water with TDS being larger than 2g·L-1.

scholarly journals MINERAL WATERS OF THE AVACHINSKY DEPRESSION, KAMCHATKA

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-39
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Taran ◽  
◽  
G.V. Ryabinin ◽  
B.G. Pokrovski ◽  
I.N. Nazhalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Saline waters (up to 22 g/l) were tapped by deep (to 3000 m) wells at the foot of active volcanoes Avachinsky and Koryaksky, within Avachinsky depression. Temperature of waters was ~ 60°C in the western part and cold in the eastern part, closer to the Pacific coast. In this paper we present the literature and our own data on chemical and isotopic composition of these waters. The waters are of the Na-Cl type with extremely low abundances of sulfate and magnesium, high concentration of calcium and surprisingly high concentration of strontium. The waters contain about 50 ml/l of gas where methane and nitrogen are main components (~ 70 vol% and 30 vol%, respectively) and also presents H2S (~ 30 ml/l) and very low concentrations of CO2 (< 0.5 vol%). The N2/Ar ratio, as a rule, is higher than the air ratio, i.e., the non-atmospheric nitrogen presents. We discuss the possible options of the water-rock interaction, responsible for the chemical composition of waters, and offer a conceptual model of the proposed basin of mineral waters that includes the distribution of deep temperatures, the location of the possible sources of heat mineralized solutions.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Groundwater for Irrigation Purposes in Semi-arid Parts of Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilma Rantilla Amwele ◽  
Nnenesi Anna Kgabi ◽  
Liisa Indileni Kandjibi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Semi Arid

The groundwater quality data from 1,137 boreholes in 10 regions of Namibia were assessed for sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly's ratio (KR), sodium percentage (Na%), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), total hardness (TH), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), potential salinity (PS), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) to determine the suitability for the irrigation. The groundwater was classified as follows: all the regions' groundwater shows the TH as very hard water of &gt;4.6 meq/l, PS as not suitable for irrigation (&gt;3 meq/l), and EC as very highly (0.75–2.25 dS/m). However, Na%: 10% of regions have doubtful water (&gt;80%), MAR: 30% of regions are not recommended for irrigation (&gt;50 meq/l), and TDS: 90% of the regions have slightly moderate (450–2,000 mg/l) and 10% have groundwater that is unsuitable for agricultural purposes (&gt;2,000 mg/l). The unsuitability of groundwater for irrigation could be due to higher concentrations of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− that has exceeded the FAO guideline for irrigation. Some groundwater qualities had inverse classification such as SAR all regions have excellent groundwater (&lt;10 meq/l), KR: 90% of regions have safe water (&lt;1 meq/l), Na%: 50% of regions have good groundwater (20–40%), 40% of the regions have permissible water (40–80%), and MAR: +70% of region's water is recommended for irrigation (&lt;50 meq/l).

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