scholarly journals Reliability of photo-optical measurements of log stack gross volume

Silva Fennica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferréol Berendt ◽  
Felix Wolfgramm ◽  
Tobias Cremer
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Volume Estimation ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Forest Road ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
Timber Trade ◽  
The One

In terms of assessing economic impact, one of the most important elements in the wood supply chain is the measurement of round wood. Besides the one-by-one measurement of logs, logs are often measured when stacked at the forest road. The gross stacked volume includes the volume of the wood, bark and airspace and is widely used for industrial wood assortments. The increasing international attention given to photo-optical measurement systems for portable devices is due to their simplicity of use and efficiency. The aim of this study was to compare the gross volumes of hardwood log stacks measured using one widespread photo-optical app with two manual section-wise volume estimations of log stacks based on the German framework agreement for timber trade (RVR). The manual volume estimations were done starting from the left (RVR) and right (RVR) sides of the log stacks. The results showed an average deviation of the photo-optical gross volume estimation in comparison to the manual estimation of –2.09% (RVR) and –3.66% (RVR) while the deviation between RVR and RVR was +2.54%. However, the log stack gross volume had a highly significant effect on the deviation and better accuracy with smaller deviation were reached for larger log stacks. Moreover, results indicated that the gross volume estimations of higher quality log stacks were closer for the three analyzed methods compared to estimations of poor-quality log stacks.leftrightleftrightleftright

scholarly journals Optical-Based Biosensors and Their Portable Healthcare Devices for Detecting and Monitoring Biomarkers in Body Fluids

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Anh Tran Tam Pham ◽  
Angus Wallace ◽  
Xinyi Zhang ◽  
Damian Tohl ◽  
Hao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
Distinct Features

The detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids has been used to improve human healthcare activities for decades. In recent years, researchers have focused their attention on applying the point-of-care (POC) strategies into biomarker detection. The evolution of mobile technologies has allowed researchers to develop numerous portable medical devices that aim to deliver comparable results to clinical measurements. Among these, optical-based detection methods have been considered as one of the common and efficient ways to detect and monitor the presence of biomarkers in bodily fluids, and emerging aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with their distinct features are merging with portable medical devices. In this review, the detection methodologies that use optical measurements in the POC systems for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in bodily fluids are compared, including colorimetry, fluorescence and chemiluminescence measurements. The current portable technologies, with or without the use of smartphones in device development, that are combined with optical biosensors for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluids, are also investigated. The review also discusses novel AIEgens used in the portable systems for the detection and monitoring of biomarkers in body fluid. Finally, the potential of future developments and the use of optical detection-based portable devices in healthcare activities are explored.

scholarly journals Upconversion Spectral Rulers for Transcutaneous Displacement Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3554
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Suckey ◽  
Donald W. Benza ◽  
John D. DesJardins ◽  
Jeffrey N. Anker
Keyword(s):  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Low Background ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optical Displacement ◽  
Spectral Peaks ◽  
Displacement Measurements ◽  
Minimal Intensity

We describe a method to measure micron to millimeter displacement through tissue using an upconversion spectral ruler. Measuring stiffness (displacement under load) in muscles, bones, ligaments, and tendons is important for studying and monitoring healing of injuries. Optical displacement measurements are useful because they are sensitive and noninvasive. Optical measurements through tissue must use spectral rather than imaging approaches because optical scattering in the tissue blurs the image with a point spread function typically around the depth of the tissue. Additionally, the optical measurement should have low background and minimal intensity dependence. Previously, we demonstrated a spectral encoder using either X-ray luminescence or fluorescence, but the X-ray luminescence required an expensive X-ray source and used ionizing radiation, while the fluorescence sensor suffered from interference from autofluorescence. Here, we used upconversion, which can be provided with a simple fiber-coupled spectrometer with essentially autofluorescence-free signals. The upconversion phosphors provide a low background signal, and the use of closely spaced spectral peaks minimizes spectral distortion from the tissue. The small displacement noise level (precision) through tissue was 2 µm when using a microscope-coupled spectrometer to collect light. We also showed proof of principle for measuring strain on a tendon mimic. The approach provides a simple method to study biomechanics using implantable sensors.

Rubber as Antivibration Material

1940 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-693
Author(s):  
C. W. Kosten
Keyword(s):  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
Technical Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Length Of Life ◽  
Great Scope

Abstract The idea of using rubber as a material for the damping and insulation of mechanical vibrations is not new. That this application of rubber has had no great scope up to now can be ascribed to a combination of circumstances: on the one hand there are unlimited varieties of rubber, concerning which rubber manufacturers publish no technical data, which can be relied on for specific projects; on the other hand there is a lack of knowledge of the behavior of rubber by builders themselves. In these circumstances it seemed desirable that the Rubber Foundation should endeavor to assist builders in this respect, and to this end a basic research into the vibration characteristics of rubber has been carried out. We shall report here on several points resulting from this investigation. Moreover we shall also discuss what can be expected of rubber, how it can be most economically used, and what advantages it shows over other materials. Rubber at the present time is unjustly considered an untechnical material, yet of late the rubber industry has made enormous advances. Types of rubber of different hardnesses can be made which for practical purposes are ideally elastic, since they are in no way plastic, and their durability is so great that a piece a few centimeters thick has almost an unlimited length of life, for example, ten to twenty years, without any appreciable change in properties. The generally feared aging symptoms in rubber for technical applications are now of secondary importance. These are actually not more than a surface oxidation which can injure thin rubber articles of poor quality in a comparatively short time, but has no influence on thicker articles. However, this does not mean that adequate attention should not be given to this question. For such a purpose one must use a superior type of rubber, from the best material, vulcanized by an expert.

Preparation of Bio Tissue Micro Array Based on NC Positioning and Image Processing Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 1128-1131
Author(s):  
Yu Cheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Tissue Micro Array ◽  
Image Identification ◽  
Micro Hole ◽  
Micro Array ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
The One

Against the problem on poor quality and inefficiency in the preparation of bio tissue micro array by hand, the one processing system of biotissue micro-array was developed. The application of NC image identification technology was made to carry out auto punching, auto-positioning- embedding, and auto-extracting, etc. The auto preparation of biotissue micro array was completed. The adoption of the minimum squares fitting was aimed at object’s primes to be fitted so as to obtain special-feature parameters to finish accurate position and auto rectification of deviation visual view range in micro-hole image. There by, visual deviation operated by hand was avoided and highlighted the processed accuracy.

THE FLUORESCENT ANTITOXIN TEST FOR THE IMMEDIATE DIAGNOSIS OF DIPHTHERIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Jo Anne Whitaker ◽  
John D. Nelson ◽  
Chester W. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fluorescent Staining ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The One

The recent increase in the incidence of diphtheria in our area stimulated the search for a reliable laboratory test for the immediate differential diagnosis of diphtheritic and non-diphtheritic membranous tonsillitis. Fluorescein-conjugated diphtheria antitoxin proved to be highly specific for staining toxigenic C. diphtheriae. Eight of nine patients with proved diphtheria had fluorescent organisms on a smear of exudate. The failure in the one case is attributed to the poor quality of the specimen obtained. An early case of diphtheria was detected by examination of family contacts of one of the patients in this series. The conjugated antitoxin does not result in fluorescent staining of nontoxigenic diphtheria bacilli on of other bacteria commonly found in the nasopharyngeal tract. Fluorescent staining of cultures suggests that only a small proportion of the potentially toxigenic diphtheria organisms are actually producing toxin at a given moment. The fluorescent antitoxin test can be performed within 1 hour. A positive result of the test is an absolute indication for antitoxin therapy. With a negative result the physician must still rely on his clinical judgment and cultural and virulence tests.

scholarly journals Temperature Measurement Using Infrared Spectral Band Emissions From H2O

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Ellis ◽  
Vladimir P. Solovjov ◽  
Dale R. Tree
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Infrared Emission ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Reactor Wall ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Gas Measurement

Currently, there is no satisfactory method for measuring the temperature of the gas phase of combustion products within a solid fuel flame. The industry standard, a suction pyrometer or aspirated thermocouple, is intrusive, spatially and temporally averaging, and difficult to use. In this work, a new method utilizing the spectral emission from water vapor is investigated through modeling and experimental measurements. The method employs the collection of infrared emission from water vapor over discrete wavelength bands and then uses the ratio of those emissions to infer temperature. This method was demonstrated in the products of a 150 kWth natural gas flame along a 0.75 m line of sight, averaged over 1 min. Results from this optical method were compared to those obtained using a suction pyrometer. Data were obtained at three fuel air equivalence ratios that produced products at three temperatures. The optical measurement produced gas temperatures approximately 3–4% higher than the suction pyrometer. The uncertainty of the optical measurements is dependent on the gas temperature being ±9% at 850 K and 4% or less above 1200 K. Broadband background emission assumed to be emitted from the reactor wall was also seen by the optical measurement and had to be removed before an accurate temperature could be measured. This complicated the gas measurement but also provides the means whereby both gas and solid emission can be measured simultaneously.

scholarly journals Microbiological Assessment of the Quality of Some Commercial Products Marketed as Lactobacillus crispatus-Containing Probiotic Dietary Supplements

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Pierro ◽  
Valeria Polzonetti ◽  
Vania Patrone ◽  
Lorenzo Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Supplements ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lactobacillus Crispatus ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
The One ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy ◽  
Medical Relevance ◽  
Gestational Duration

In the last decade, many authors have reported low viability for probiotic products. Investigators commonly find they are not meeting claimed active counts and/or incorrect species and/or strains have been identified. We have therefore decided to verify viability, the real dose and species correspondence in nine probiotic products (seven nutritional supplements and two medical devices) collected from the Italian and French markets claiming to contain at least one strain of L. crispatus among the different species/strain included in the formulation. In fact, the medical relevance of L. crispatus strains has recently grown., as evaluating the possible dominance clusters typical of the vaginal microbiota, the Community State Type I, the one dominated by L. crispatus, appears to be “protective” in terms of infections, fertility and gestational duration of pregnancy. The results obtained demonstrate the generally poor quality of probiotics. Out of nine products, only two definitely contained viable Lactobacillus crispatus cells with a daily dose of at least 1 × 109 CFU/g and with an acceptable correspondence with what is declared on the label. Among these two, only one was found to be formulated with a strain (M247) that has been scientifically documented.

Energy saving in the aeration process by fuzzy logic control

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ferrer ◽  
M. A. Rodrigo ◽  
A. Seco ◽  
J. M. Penya-roja
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Control System ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Aerobic Reactor ◽  
Aeration Process ◽  
The One

An aeration fuzzy logic based control system has been developed and tested in the main aerobic reactor of a BARDENPHO process pilot plant. This system has been compared with two ordinary aeration process controllers: one- and two-aeration-level on/off controllers. Energy savings of about 40% over the one-level on/off controller and a more stable closed-loop response have been obtained. Thus, an improvement of about 60% in average deviation can be accomplished by the use of an AFLBC.

scholarly journals Homeopathic treatment of vaginal leiomyoma in a dog: case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Maria Ignez Carvalho Ferreira ◽  
Luiz Figueira Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Homeopathic Treatment ◽  
Calidad De Vida ◽  
The One ◽  
Vaginal Leiomyoma

The most common vaginal neoplasias in old dogs are leiomyoma and fibroma. Although surgical excision is the indicated treatment, it does not eliminate potential complications that may lead to death or poor quality of life. This paper reports the case of a 9 year-old female Doberman dog with vaginal leiomyoma attended by copious and recidivating colporrhagia homeopathically treated between March and December 2005. Homeopathic approach was the one designed at Homeopathic Unit of the Veterinary Hospital, Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The progress of disease was assessed through clinical evaluation, laboratory exams and ultrasonography. Hemorrhage decreased while the general clinical state of the animal improved. After 7 months of homeopathic treatment, the tumor was spontaneously eliminated through violent abdominal contractions, which was followed by recovery of the animal’s state of health. Keywords:  Homeopathy; Veterinary medicine; Tumors; Leiomyoma; Vaginal; Dogs.   Tratamento homeopático de leiomioma vaginal em cães: relato de caso Resumo As neoplasias vaginais mais comuns em cadelas velhas são o leiomioma e o fibroma. Embora a excisão cirúrgica é o tratamento indicado, não elimina complicações potenciais que podem levar ao óbito ou baixa qualidade de vida. O presente artigo relata o caso de uma cadela Doberman de 9 anos de idade, com leiomioma vaginal, apresentando colporragia copiosa e recidivante, tratada entre março e dezembro de 2005. A abordagem homeopática utilizada foi a desenvolvida na Unidade Homeopática do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A evolução da doença foi acompanhada através de avaliação clínica, testes de laboratório e ultrassonografia. A hemorragia diminuiu e o estado geral melhorou. Depois de 7 meses de tratamento homeopático, o tumor foi espontaneamente eliminado através de violentas contrações abdominais, seguido de recuperação do estado de saúde do animal. Palavras-chave:  Homeopatia, Medicina Veterinária; Tumores; Leiomioma; Vaginal; Cães.   Tratamento homeopático de leiomioma vaginal en canino: relato de caso Resumen Las neoplasias vaginales más comunes en caninos ancianos son el leiomioma y el fibroma. Aunque la excisión quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección, no elimina complicaciones potenciales que pueden llevar al deceso o pobre calidad de vida. Este artículo relata el caso de un canino Doberman femenino de 9 años de edad, con leiomioma vaginal acompañado de colporragia abundante y recidivante, tratado entre marzo y diciembre de 2005. El abordaje homeopático utilizado fue el desarrollado en la Unidad Homeopática del Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal Rural de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La evolución de la enfermedad fue estimada mediante evaluación clínica, exámenes de laboratorio y ecografía. Las hemorragias disminuyeron, con mejoría del estado general. Después de 7 meses de tratamiento homeopático, el tumor fue espontáneamente eliminado mediante violentas contracciones abdominales, seguido de recuperación del estado de salud del animal. Palabras-clave:  Homeopatía, Medicina veterinaria; Tumores; Leiomioma; vaginal; Perros.   Correspondence author:  Luiz Figueira Pinto. [email protected] How to cite this article:  Ferreira MIC, Pinto LF. Homeopathic treatment of vaginal leiomyoma in a dog: case report. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited YYYY Mmm DD]; 7(24):152-158. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/304/358.  

scholarly journals Comparison of luminance distribution on the lighting surface of power LEDs

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Dariusz Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Optical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Luminance Distribution ◽  
Led Array ◽  
Visegrád Countries

This work presents luminance distributions across the surface of mid- and high-power diodes. The changes in luminance on diode surfaces following changes in the observation angle were verified. On the basis of the conducted tests, non-uniform luminance distribution on LED surface for diverse observation angles (including the axial direction) was observed. Moreover, it was concluded that luminance changes is not in line with the Lambert’s law. As the result of the research it was also concluded that alterations of the power-supply conditions do not exert any significant impact on the gradient of luminance changes on the surfaces of examined LEDs. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. Fan, J. Cao, Ch. Yu, Ch. Qian, X. Fan, G. Zhang, A design and qualification of LED flip Chip-on-Board module with tunable color temperatures, Microelectronics reliability, ISSN 0026-2714, Nº. 84, 2018, pp. 140-148, CrossRef K. Bonislawski, I. Fryc, The study on optical properties of LEDs used for vehicle control lighting, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2012, ISSN 0033-2097, Vol. 88, Issue 3A, pp. 119-120 DirectLink T. Kawabata, Y. Ohno, Optical measurements of OLED panels for lighting applications, Journal of Modern Optics 60(14), 2013, pp. 1176-1186 CrossRef P. Pracki, U. Blaszczak, The issues of interior lighting on the example of an educational building adjustment to nZEB standard, IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016) CrossRef P. Tabaka, Analysis of electrical parameters of prime set bulb equivalents suitable for dimming, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2015, R. 91, No. 5, pp. 100-106, ISSN 0033-2097 CrossRef D. Czyżewski, The street lighting luminaires with LEDs. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 86, 2009, pp. 276-279 DirectLink C. C. Miller; Y. Zong; Y. Ohno, LED photometric calibrations at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and future measurement needs of LEDs, Proc. SPIE Vol. 5530, Fourth International Conference on Solid State Lighting; (2004) CrossRef D. Mozyrska Dorota; M. Wyrwas; I. Fryc, The determination of the LEDs colorimetric parameters, in the range of their operating temperature, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, Vol. 88, Issue: 4A, 2012, pp. 232-234 CrossRef K. Baran, A. Różowicz, H. Wachta, S. Różowicz, D. Mazur, Thermal Analysis of the Factors Influencing Junction Temperature of LED Panel Sources, Energies, 12, 3941, 2019 CrossRef D. Czyżewski, Research on Luminance Distributions of Chip-On-Board Light-Emitting Diodes, Crystals 9(12), 645, 2019. CrossRef L. Zheng, Z. Guo, W. Yan, Y. Lin, Y. Lu, H.C. Kuo, Z. Chen, L. Zhu, T. Wu, Y. Gao, Research on a Camera-Based Microscopic Imaging System to Inspect the Surface Luminance of the Micro-LED Array. IEEE Access 6, 2018, 51329-51336. CrossRef S. Słomiński, Selected Problems in Modern Methods of Luminance Measurement of Multisource LED Luminaires. Light Eng. 24, 2016, pp. 45-50. DirectLink I. Fryc, P. Jakubowski, K. Kołacz, Analysis of optical radiation parameters of compact discharge HID lamps and LED COB modules used for illuminating shop windows, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2017, R. 93, nr 11, pp. 186-189. CrossRef I. Fryc, Measurement techniques of optical LEDs properties performed with compliance conformity with CIE 127:2007 standard, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, 2009,ISSN 0033-2097,Vol. 85,Issue:11,pp.317-319. DirectLink I. Fryc, T. Dimitrova-Grekow, An Automated System for Evaluation of the Quality of Light Sources, 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016), CrossRef CIE 235:2019, Optical measurement of led modules and light engines, ISBN 978-3-902842-25-1, DOI: 10.25039/TR.235.2019. CrossRef D. Czyżewski, Investigation of COB LED luminance distribution, In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), IEEE (17 November 2016) CrossRef I. Rotscholl, K. Trampert; U. Krüger; F. Schmidt, Spectral near field data of LED systems for optical simulations, Proceedings SPIE Volume 11144,Phot. and Educ. in Measur. Sc. 2019, CrossRef

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