scholarly journals External risk factors associated with language disorders in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-40
Author(s):  
Lydia Wangke ◽  
Wenny Victory ◽  
Gregory Joey ◽  
Novie Homenta Rampengan ◽  
Hesti Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
Story Reading ◽  
Caregiver Education ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Occupation ◽  
External Risk

Background Children with language delay have deficits in the ability to learn and use language, either expressive and/or receptive despite otherwise normal development. Language delay could be influenced by either internal factors (within the child) and external factors (from the environment). Timely identification and modification of these risk factors can allow early intervention to reduce child disability and are associated with better long-term outcomes. Objective To identify possible risk factors related to language delay in children, such as bilingualism, socioeconomic status, maternal and caregiver education level, use of digital media, absence of story reading sessions, breastfeeding patterns, siblings, parenting methods, and maternal occupation. Methods This observational, analytic study included 102 children aged 24-36 months from four daycare centers in Manado, North Sulawesi, selected by cluster random sampling. Parents were interviewed to gather demographic information of child age, gender, presence of older siblings, maternal occupation, socioeconomic status, maternal/caregiver educational level, use of digital media, absence of story reading sessions, breastfeeding patterns, parenting methods, and bilingual environment. Children’s language development was assessed by the Capute Scales. Results Multivariate analysis revealed 2 factors significantly associated with increased risk of language delay; namely absence of storybook reading (OR=0.16; 95%CI 0.03 to 0.72; P=0.017) and bilingualism (OR=12.58; 95%CI 1.57 to 100.81; P=0.017). Conclusion Story reading sessions is associated with decreased risk of language delay, shile bilingualism is associatd with increased risk of language delay.

scholarly journals Preterm birth and risk for language delays before school entry: A sibling-control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Imac Maria Zambrana ◽  
Margarete E. Vollrath ◽  
Bo Jacobsson ◽  
Verena Sengpiel ◽  
Eivind Ystrom
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Language Delay ◽  
Language Delays ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Sibling Control ◽  
Before School

Abstract We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Participants included 26,769 siblings born between gestational weeks 23 and 42. Language delay was assessed when the children were 1.5, 3, and 5 years old. To adjust for familial risk factors, comparisons were conducted between preterm and full-term siblings. Pregnancy-specific risk factors were controlled for by means of observed variables. Findings showed that preterm children born before week 37 had increased risk for language delays at 1.5 years. At 3 and 5 years, only children born before week 34 had increased risk for language delay. Children born weeks 29–33 and before week 29 had increased risk for language delay at 1.5 years (RR = 4.51, 95% CI [3.45, 5.88]; RR = 10.32, 95% CI [6.7, 15.80]), 3 years (RR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.02, 2.21]; RR = 2.78, 95% CI [1.09, 7.07]), and 5 years (RR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.06, 2.51]; RR = 2.98, 95% CI [0.87, 10.26]), respectively. In conclusion, children born preterm are at risk for language delays, with familial confounders only explaining a moderate share of the association. This suggests a cause-effect relationship between early preterm birth and risk for language delay in preschool children.

scholarly journals Kriptorchizmas ir sėklidžių vėžys

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kastytis Gricius ◽  
Laima Griciūtė
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Testicular Cancer ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Important Clinical Problem ◽  
Vilnius University ◽  
External Risk

Kastytis Gricius, Laima GriciūtėVilniaus universiteto Vaikų ligoninė, Santariškių g. 7, LT-08406 VilniusVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos institutas, Santariškių g 1, LT-08660 Vilnius Kriptorchizmas yra svarbi klinikinė problema todėl, kad su juo susijusi padidėjusi sėklidės vėžio rizika ir sumažėjęs vaisingumas. Kriptorchizmo etiologija ir plėtojimosi mechanizmai kol kas neaiškūs. Tai yra daugiafaktorinė patologija. Su kriptorchizmu siejamos hipotaliamo – konkorėžinės liaukos – gonadų ašies anomalijos. Įrodyta hormonų įtaka nusileidžiant sėklidėms į kapšelį. Svarbiausi kriptorchizmo rizikos veiksniai: mažas naujagimio svoris ir vyresnis motinos amžius. Kiti įtariami vidiniai ir išoriniai veiksniai diskutuotini. Padidėjusios sėklidės vėžio rizikos nebenustatoma, jei kriptorchizmas sėkmingai pašalintas iki vienuoliktos metų. Orchidopeksijos metu atliekama biopsija, atrodo, yra didelės sėklidės vėžio rizikos veiksnys, todėl patariama ją atlikti tik kliniškai įtartinais atvejais. Reikšminiai žodžiai: kriptorchizmas, sėklidės vėžys, kriptorchizmo ir vėžio rizikos veiksniai, gydymas Cryptorchismus and testicular cancer Kastytis Gricius, Laima GriciūtėChildren’s hospital of Vilnius university, Santariškių str. 7, LT-08406 Vilnius, LithuaniaOncology Institute of Vilnius University, Santariškių str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, Lithuania Cryptorchidism is important clinical problem with an increased risk of testicular cancer and reduced fertility. Aethiology of cryptorchidism as well as exact mechanisms remain obscure. Evidently aethiology is multifactorial. Abnormal action of hypothalamo – pituitary – gonadal axis is associated with cryptorchidism outcome. Important role of hormones in testicular descent was proven. The main risk factors of cryptorchidism are low birthweight and higher maternal age. Other internal and external risk factors are under discussion. No increased risk of testicular cancer was observed among men whose cryptorchidism had been successfully resolved by their 11th birtday. Biopsy performed during orchidopexy seems to be strong risk factor for testicular cancer, it should be advised in doubtful cases only. Keywords: cryptorchismus, testicular cancer, risk factors, treatment

scholarly journals Factors associated with sepsis risk in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases receiving tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: a nationwide study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2092920
Author(s):  
Wen-Cheng Chao ◽  
Chen-Yu Wang ◽  
Bo-Chueh Hsu ◽  
Ching-Heng Lin ◽  
Wen-Nan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: Risk factors for sepsis have not been assessed in patients receiving tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors (TNFi) for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) who are vulnerable to serious/hospitalized infections. Methods: Data from 2003–2017 were obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database to identify patients receiving TNFi, including etanercept, adalimumab, and golimumab, for IMIDs including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Crohn’s disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC). To investigate risk factors for sepsis, we used the Sepsis-3 definition and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression analysis. Results: There were 17,764 patients (mean age 49.3 ± 14.3 years; females, 57.6%) receiving TNFi for IMIDs, including RA (58.6%), AS (19.1%), PsO (15.1%), PsA (2.5%), CD (3.0%), and UC (1.7%). The overall incidence rate of sepsis was 1088 per 100,000 person-years. After adjustment for potential confounders, recent sepsis within 3 months before TNFi initiation (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.73–3.20), CD (HR, 3.36; 95% CI 2.11–5.34; reference group: AS) and glucocorticoid use (prednisolone-equivalent dose, mg/day HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.05–1.06) were associated with the risk of sepsis. Intriguingly, golimumab users appeared to have a lower risk of sepsis compared with etanercept users (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.38–0.83). In addition, socioeconomic status, including urbanization level and insured amount, was associated with sepsis in a dose-response manner. Conclusions: Recent sepsis, CD, concomitant glucocorticoid use, and low socioeconomic status, which were associated with an increased risk of sepsis, are crucial for individualized risk management plans.

Environmental factors explain socioeconomic prevalence differences in myopia in 6-year-old children

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Willem L Tideman ◽  
Jan Roelof Polling ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Vincent WV Jaddoe ◽  
Johan P Mackenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Increased Risk

PurposeHigh myopia (≤−6 D) usually has its onset before 10 years of age and can lead to blinding complications later in life. We examined whether differences in myopia prevalences in socioeconomic risk groups could be explained by differences in lifestyle factors.MethodsA total of 5711 six-year-old children participating in the prospective population-based birth cohort study Generation R underwent a stepwise ophthalmic examination, which included visual acuity and objective cycloplegic refraction to identify children with myopia (≤−0.5D). Daily activities, ethnicity, factors representing family socioeconomic status and housing were ascertained by questionnaire. Risk assessments of myopia and mediation analyses were performed using logistic regression; attenuation of risks was calculated by bootstrapping.ResultsPrevalence of myopia was 2.4% (n=137). Myopic children spent more time indoors and less outdoors than non-myopic children (p<0.01), had lower vitamin D (p=0.01), had a higher body mass index and participated less in sports (p=0.03). Children of non-European descent (OR 2.60; 95% CI 1.84 to 3.68), low maternal education (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.57 to 3.28) and low family income (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.8 to 3.74) were more often myopic. Lifestyle factors explained the majority of the increased risk for ethnicity (82%; 95% CI 55 to 120), maternal education (69%; 95% CI 45 to 109) and family socioeconomic status (71%; 95% CI 46 to 104).ConclusionThis study found environmental factors to be strong risk factors for myopia already at the age of 6 years. The myopia prevalence differences in socioeconomic groups were greatly determined by differences in distribution of these environmental risk factors, highlighting the importance of lifestyle adjustments in young children developing myopia.

Diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia as risk factors for frequent pain in the back, neck and/or shoulders/arms among adults in Stockholm 2006 to 2010 – Results from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Javier Pico-Espinosa ◽  
Eva Skillgate ◽  
Giorgio Tettamanti ◽  
Anton Lager ◽  
Lena W. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractBackground and aimsFrequent back, neck and/or shoulder pain (BNSP) are common conditions which pose high burden for the society. Results from previous studies suggest that diabetes and hyperlipidaemia may be associated with a higher risk of getting such conditions, but there is in general, few studies based on longitudinal designs. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the risk of developing frequent BNSP in men and women with and without diabetes and/or hyperlipidaemia.MethodsA longitudinal study based on the Stockholm Public Health Cohort was conducted based on subjects aged 45–84, who were free from pain at the mentioned sites in 2006 and followed up until 2010. The data in the current study is based on questionnaires, except socioeconomic status which was derived from Statistics Sweden. The exposure diabetes and hyperlipidaemia was self-reported and, a categorical variable was created; without any of the conditions, with hyperlipidaemia only, with diabetes only and with both conditions. The outcome frequent BNSP was defined using the following questions in the questionnaire in 2010: “During the past 6 months, have you had pain in the neck or upper part of the back?”, “During the past 6 months, have you had pain in the lower back?”, and “During the past 6 months, have you had pain in the shoulders/arms?”. All questions had three possible response options: no; yes, a couple of days per month or less often and; yes, a couple of days per week or more often. Those who reported weekly pain to at least one of these questions were considered to having frequent BNSP. Binomial regressions were run to calculate the crude and adjusted risk ratio (RR) in men and women separately. Additional analysis was performed in order to control for potential bias derived from individuals lost to follow-up.ResultsA total of 10,044 subjects fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study. The mean age of the sample was 60 years and evenly distributed by sex. After adjusting for age, body mass index, physical activity, high blood pressure and socioeconomic status, the RR for frequent BNSP among men with diabetes was 1.64 (95% CI: 1.23–2.18) and 1.19 (95% CI: 0.98–1.44) for hyperlipidaemia compared to men with neither diabetes nor hyperlipidaemia. Among women the corresponding RRs were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.60–1.14) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.03–1.46). Having both diabetes and hyperlipidaemia at baseline was not associated with increased risk of frequent BNSP. Diabetes and hyperlipidaemia seems to be associated with an increased risk for frequent BNSP and the risk may differ between men and women. Behaviours and/or biological underlying mechanisms may explain the results.ConclusionsThis study suggests that metabolic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidaemia may have an impact on the pathophysiology of frequent BNSP and thus, contributes to the knowledge in musculoskeletal health. Furthermore, it confirms that men and women may differ in terms of risk factors for BNSP.ImplicationsHealth professionals should contemplate the results from this study when planning primary prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Disparities in prevalence of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional analysis of Indian adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Joshi ◽  
M Thanikachalam ◽  
OI Bermudez ◽  
K K H Chui
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Socioeconomic Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of risk factors: central obesity, a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high levels of triglyceride, fasting glucose, and blood pressure. Individuals with MS have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. South Asians, including Indians, generally have higher rates, earlier onset, and severe forms of cardiovascular diseases and the associated risk factors compared to other ethnic groups. This study assessed the prevalence of MS in an adult South Indian population, and further examined socioeconomic, gender and rurality disparities. Methods We analyzed data from 7,697 adults aged between 20 and 76 years participating in the baseline PURSE-HIS study, a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in India in 2012. Socioeconomic status was derived from summary scores of three variables: family income, education and occupation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to find the association between behavioral risk factors and metabolic syndrome, after adjusting for age, sex, rurality and socioeconomic status. Results The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 36.3%, with significant gender difference (38.3% for women vs. 33.8% for men, P &lt; 0.01). Women in semi-urban areas were twice as likely to have metabolic syndrome compared to men in urban areas (OR = 2.0, 95%CI:1.2 to 3.1, p &lt; 0.01). Women in higher socioeconomic group were more than four times likely to have metabolic syndrome compared to men in lower socioeconomic group (OR = 4.2, 95%CI:2.3 to 7.6, p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions The study emphasizes the need of preventative and curative interventions focused on low-socioeconomic populations, particularly women who reside in non-urban areas. The findings have important implications for the USA because there are 2.4 million foreign-born population from India, making it the second-largest immigrant group in the USA after Mexicans. Key messages Low socioeconmic population and women residing in non-urban areas are at higher risk for metabolic syndrome. Preventative and curative interventions focused on low-socioeconomic populations should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Survival for Colorectal Cancer in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Anis Kausar Ghazali ◽  
Thomas Keegan ◽  
Benjamin M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

A patient’s survival may depend on several known and unknown factors and it may also vary spatially across a region. Socioeconomic status, accessibility to healthcare and other environmental factors are likely to contribute to survival rates. The aim of the study was to model the spatial variation in survival for colorectal cancer patients in Malaysia, accounting for individual and socioeconomic risk factors. We conducted a retrospective study of 4412 colorectal cancer (ICD-10, C18-C20) patients diagnosed from 2008 to 2013 to model survival in CRC patients. We used the data recorded in the database of the Malaysian National Cancer Patient Registry-Colorectal Cancer (NCPR-CRC). Spatial location was assigned based on the patients’ central district location, which involves 144 administrative districts of Malaysia. We fitted a parametric proportional hazards model in which the spatially correlated frailties were modelled by a log-Gaussian stochastic process to analyse the spatially referenced survival data, which is also known as a spatial survival model. After controlling for individual and area level characteristics, our findings indicate wide spatial variation in colorectal cancer survival across Malaysia. Better healthcare provision and higher socioeconomic index in the districts where patients live decreased the risk of death from colorectal cancer, but these associations were not statistically significant. Reliable measurement of environmental factors is needed to provide good insight into the effects of potential risk factors for the disease. For example, a better metric is needed to measure socioeconomic status and accessibility to healthcare in the country. The findings provide new information that might be of use to the Ministry of Health in identifying populations with an increased risk of poor survival, and for planning and providing cancer control services.

Long-term effects of socioeconomic status on the incidence of decreased glomerular filtration rate in a Southeast Asian cohort

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2019-212718
Author(s):  
Chagriya Kitiyakara ◽  
Krittika Saranburut ◽  
Nisakorn Thongmung ◽  
Anchalee Chittamma ◽  
Somlak Vanavanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundThere is limited information on the role of low socioeconomic status (SES) in the development of new chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population, especially from developing countries. This study will test the hypothesis that low SES increases the risk of incidence of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR, used as an estimate for CKD) in a Thai worker cohort.MethodIn this prospective, longitudinal observational study, we evaluated the association of income and educational attainment on incident decreased GFR (iGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) over a 27-year period in employees of Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand. In 1985, subjects participated in a health survey and were re-examined in 1997, 2002, 2007 and 2012. Education was classified into three categories: low, 0–8th grade; medium, 9–12th grade; and high, >12th grade. Income was categorised as follows: low <10 000 Thai Baht (THB)/month; medium, 10 000–20 000 THB/month; and high, >20 000 THB/month. HRs of iGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were estimated using Cox interval-censored models with high income or education as the reference groups after adjustments for clinical risk factors.ResultsParticipants (n=3334) were followed for 23 (15, 27) years. When evaluated separately, both education and income were risk factors for iGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (adjusted HR education: medium—1.26 (95% CI 1.13 to1.42) and low—1.57 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.81) and adjusted HR income: medium—1.21 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.50) and low—1.47 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.82)). When both income and education were included together, low and medium education remained independently associated with iGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionsLow education was independently associated with increased risk of decreased GFR in a Thai worker population. Strategies to identify risk factors among low SES may be useful to prevent early CKD.

scholarly journals Acute Febrile Illness Caused by Brucella abortus Infection in Humans in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saddique ◽  
Ali ◽  
Akhter ◽  
Khan ◽  
Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Acute Febrile Illness ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Brucellosis is a zoonosis of great and worldwide public health concern that can cause a severe febrile illness in humans. In Pakistan, brucellosis is a critical problem in both animals and humans. This study aimed to gain insight into its prevalence and to analyze the potential risk factors of patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) of an unknown cause, at the hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan. In total, 446 blood samples were collected from patients and screened for brucellosis using the Rose Bengal Plat Test (RBPT). All the serum samples were investigated for Brucella DNA using specific real-time PCR. Age, sex, occupation, urbanicity, socioeconomic status and history of animal contact were recorded and assessed as potential risk factors. The proportion of acute febrile illness patients for whom brucellosis could be suspected was 10.1% by the RBPT. Brucella DNA was detected in 26 (5.8%) cases and identified as B. abortus. Contact with infected animals, consumption of raw milk and socioeconomic status showed a highly significant (p ˂ 0.05) correlation with seropositivity. Elderly patients (19.7% RBPT and 12.1% PCR) and females (13% RBPT and 9.3% PCR) were of high risk of brucellosis. Patients suffering from brucellosis-related manifestations should be screened for brucellosis, especially those in contact with animals or those consuming their unprocessed products, given the increased risk. The results of this study, which highlight that Brucella abortus as an important cause of acute febrile illnesses in humans, aid the development of effective control strategies for human brucellosis in Pakistan.

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