scholarly journals Detection of Cervical Cancer at an Early Stage Using Hybrid Segmentation Techniques from PAP Smear Images

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Asmita Ray ◽  
Indra Kanta Maitra ◽  
Debnath Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hybrid Segmentation

scholarly journals The effect of Pap smear screening on cervical cancer stage among southern Thai women

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Niu ◽  
Shama Virani ◽  
Surichai Bilheem ◽  
Hutcha Sriplung
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thai Women ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Late Stage Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

AbstractOur study aimed to investigate the effect of Pap smear screening on stage at diagnosis of cervical cancer in a heterogeneous population of Thai women. Data was merged from the population-based cancer registry and screening registry based on unique identification numbers from 2006 to 2014. Patients being screened had lower odds to be diagnosed at late stage. After adjustment, married women had reduced risk of late stage cancer compared to single women. Muslim women had almost twice the risk of being diagnosed late stage compared to Buddhist women. The odds of being diagnosed at late stage decreased with increased number of screening. The probability of being diagnosed at late stage increased rapidly among females aged 40 to 55 years. Pap smear screening is a protective factor in diagnosis of late stage cervical cancer. Patients were more likely to be diagnosed at early stage with more frequent screening. For future screening programs, it will be beneficial to shorten screening intervals and take more concern for vulnerable population: women aged between 40 and 55 years, and women who are single or Muslim.

scholarly journals Uterine Cervical Neoplasm Diagnosed by Flexible Magnifying Endoscopy with Narrow Band Imaging

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Hideki Kobara ◽  
Kunihisa Uchita ◽  
Noriya Uedo ◽  
Noriko Matsuura ◽  
Noriko Nishiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Magnifying Endoscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ◽  
Cervical Neoplasm ◽  
Uterine Cervical Neoplasm

When detected early, uterine cervical cancer is one of the most successfully treatable forms of cancer. The diagnostic accuracy of the standard method, the Pap smear test followed by colposcopy, remains unsatisfactory. To improve detection of early-stage cervical cancer, new diagnostic tools for uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN) need to be developed. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow- band imaging (ME-NBI), which allows the visualization of the micro-structure as well as micro-vascularity of the mucosal surface, has excellent diagnostic ability for early gastrointestinal neoplasms. In our previous investigation, ME-NBI was efficacious for diagnosis of CIN. We herein report two notable cases of CIN3 that were diagnosed by ME-NBI that were not detected by colposcopy. These cases illustrate the usefulness of ME-NBI for diagnosis of early-stage uterine cervical neoplasms.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE PATTERN OF VARIOUS CERVICAL LESION

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Gupta ◽  
Deepali Jain ◽  
Shweta Khandelwal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Cellular Changes ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Cancer Of The Cervix

Background: Cancer of the cervix is an increasing health problem and an important cause of mortality in women worldwide. The incidence of cervical cancer arises worldwide. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, JLN Medical College & Hospital Ajmer. Results: A total of 100 smears were analyzed. Out of which 96.00% smears were satisfactory for evaluation.  Out  of 96.00% satisfactory smears, 30.00% shows normal smear and 52.00% shows benign cellular changes and 4.00% shows epithelial cells abnormality. 5.00% smears shows Bacterial vaginosis. 45.00% were inflammatory smears. Conclusion: We concluded that cervical cytology by Pap smear is a simple, safe and effective test to detect premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix at an early stage, and thus help the clinicians in early and more efficient management of the patients. Keywords: Pap smear, Cervix, Cytology.

scholarly journals Utility of Papanicolaou’s smears in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix in a tertiary care centre of South Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3342
Author(s):  
Shivangi S. Gandhi ◽  
Pinal C. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Background: "Preventable but not prevented", this is the reality of cervical cancer today, at least in developing countries. 80% of all the cases of cervical cancer occur in these developing countries. In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. The Papanicolaou test is simple, quick, and painless. It is capable of detecting cervical cancer at an early stage and is used widely in developed countries, where it has decreased both the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Objective of the study was conducted to determine the importance of conventional Pap smears for the diagnosis of inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018 on 2000 women coming for a Pap smear examination in Government Medical College attached to New Civil Hospital, Surat. After doing Pap stain, all cases were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system.Results: A total of 2000 cases of Pap smears were received out of which 1914(95.7%) cases were satisfactory for evaluation, 86(4.3%) cases were unsatisfactory. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities was 3.66%. The age group of 51-60 years showed the highest epithelial abnormalities. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities in asymptomatic women was 2.3%. Out of the 1844 cases, 103(5.6%) showed changes of atrophy, 1011(54.8%) cases showed inflammatory/reactive changes, whereas organisms were seen in 558(30.3%) cases.Conclusions: Pap smear happens to be an economical, safe and pragmatic diagnostic tool for early detection of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Assess the Knowledge Regarding Pap Smear Among Women

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
V. Kumari ◽  
Jayanthi V ◽  
Indira S ◽  
N Subhashini
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Background: Cervical cancer screening is an essential part of women’s routine health care. The Pap smear test is the way to detect abnormal cervical cells including precancerous cervical lesions as well as early stage cervical cancer. Objectives: 1.To assess the level of knowledge regarding Pap smear among women. 2. To find out the association between level of knowledge regarding Pap smear among women with their selected socio demographic variables. Methodology: Cross sectional descriptive research design was used to conduct research study. 30 women residing at Kamakshi Nagar in Nellore were selected by using non probability convenience sampling technique. Result: The result reveals that,out of 30 women, 17 (57%) had in adequate knowledge, 10 (33%) had moderately adequate knowledge and only 3(10%) had adequate knowledge regarding pap smear. Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of women had inadequate knowledge on pap smear test .hence there is a need to conduct awareness programme in community to raise the level of awareness on pap smear test

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN MOTIVASI PEMERIKSAAN PAPSMEAR PADA KARYAWATI

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernawaty Siagian
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Nursing Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Test Result

ABSTRAK ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Kunci dari upaya penyembuhan semua jenis penyakit kanker adalah mendeteksi sedini mungkin.  Kanker serviks adalah kanker yang stadium  pra kankernya dapat terdeteksi. Deteksi dini kanker serviks melalui Pap smear. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasi.  Total populasi yang berjumlah 90 orang  karyawati dengan kriteria: menikah  ≥ 5 tahun dan berusia  ≥ 30 tahun.  Alat pengumpul data yaitu kuesioner yang terdiri atas 30 pertanyaan dari tujuh faktor intrinsik maupun ekstrinsik. Uji statistic yang digunakan adalah chi square  test.  Hasil: Hasil yang didapat melalui uji chi square dari 7 faktor motivasi  intrinsik dan ekstrinsik  terdapat 4 faktor yang berhubungan yaitu: dari faktor  intrinsik, pengetahuan (p-value 0,002),  kemauan dan kesadaran (p-value 0,037), sedangkan untuk faktor ekstrinsik, keamanan dan kenyamanan (p-value 0,001), hubungan Interpersonal (p-value 0,025), dan ada 3 faktor yang tidak berhubungan yaitu: penyakit atau keluhan (p-value 0,952), tingkat ekonomi (p-value 0,476), upah dan imbalan (p-value 0,188). Diskusi: Hasil penelitian ini menjadi masukan  bagi  program   kesejahteraan karyawan  di bidang kesehatan dan untuk institusi pendidikan dapat mengembangkan  ilmu keperawatan, terutama tentang Pap smear dan kanker serviks serta menjadi pertimbangan bagi responden untuk melakukan pemeriksaan Pap Smear. Kata kunci: kanker serviks, Pap smear, motivasi intrinsik dan ekstrinsik   ABSTRACT Introduction : The key to the recovery efforts of all types of cancer is to  detect as early as possible.  Cervical cancer is cancer that pra cancer stadium could be detected.  Early stage of detection of cervical cancer through research Pap smear. Method: Research design used  by descriptive correlation.  The sample of this study is a total population of 90 people who had been married employee  which ≥ 5 years and ≥ 30 years old.  Data collection tool is a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions from the seven intrinsic and extrinsic factors.  Statistical test used by Chi Square test. Result: The result  obtained from Chi Square test of 7 factors intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.  The results can exist in four related factors, namely ; intrinsic,  knowledge (p-value 0.002),  volition and consciousness (p value 0.037), extrinsic, security and comfort (p-value 0.001), interpersonal relations (p-value 0.025),  and there are three factors that are not related, namely:  illness or complaint (p-value 0.952),  economic level (p-value 0.476) , wages and benefits (p-value 0.188). Discussion: the results of this study feed into the welfare program for employees in health and education institutions can develop nursing knowledge, especially about Pap smear and cervical cancer as well as a consideration for the respondent to perform a Pap smear examinations. Keywords : Cervical cancer, Pap smear,motivation intrinsic and ekstrinsic Full printable version: PDF

scholarly journals Detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid (VIA) and its comparison to cervical cytology

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Nargis Zahan ◽  
Mosammat Nargis Shamima ◽  
Sharmin Sultana ◽  
Mohd Alamgir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Screening Tools

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women throughout the world, and it is the leading cause of cancer death among women in underdeveloped countries like Bangladesh is preventable and curable if detected at and early stage using proper screening tools. This study was done to see the effectiveness of VIA and find out the CIN and introduce as a complementary to cytology for diagnosing precancerous form of cervix. Materials & Methods: A total 175 subjects were studied & relevant data of cervix related patients have been collected. The data regarding Pap smear, VIA and biopsy have been taken and collected data was analysis by SPSS. Results: Out of 175 Patients VIA positive 53 (30.3%), Pap smear reports, 84 (48.0%) had inflammatory findings and 38 (21.7%) had dysplasia and biopsy result 41(23.4%) CIN positive. Sensitivity of VlA was 90.2%, specificity 88.1%, PPV 69.8%, NPV 96.7% and accuracy 88.6%. Sensitivity of Pap smear reports was 80.5%, specificity 96.3%, PPV 86.8%, NPV 94.2% and accuracy 92.6%. Conclusion: Visual inspection of cervix after application of acetic acid (VIA) is valid as cytology test for the identification of pre-invasive cervical cancer (CIN). Thus VIA is a useful screening method of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia lesion as Pap smear. TAJ 2018; 31(1): 15-20

scholarly journals Cervical cancer screening of female of rural community of Nepal: Knowledge, attitude and practices

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Interval ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Purpose and Objectives: Cervical cancer is leading female cancer in Nepal. Despite the existence of effective screening using Pap smear, the uptake of screening is poor. This is mainly due to lack of knowledge, lack of availability of services in rural area and low priority of women’s health issue. Objectives of this study were to determine the baseline information about the knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of Pap smear screening among the women of rural community of Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional population based descriptive study of female attending free health camp in different rural community of Nepal organized by Nepal Cancer Hospital was conducted using self-administered questionnaire to elicit information on demographic characteristics, knowledge, screening behaviors and determinants of cervical cancer. Knowledge is elicited about eligibility for screening and screening interval according to American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines. Practices are evaluated as having ever been screened themselves. Attitudes referred to the various reasons for not getting screened themselves. Results: A total of 500 women participated in this study, out of which 44.4% (228) were either illiterate or just educated up to primary school. Mean age of participates were 40.6±10.3 yrs. 47.4% (238) of women married before age of 18 and 57% (258) women had their first childbirth before age of 21 years. Only 33.8% (169) female knew that cervical cancer is preventable and is curable in early stage. Although 42.6% (213) women heard about Pap smear, only 38.2% (191) knew about eligibility of screening and 11% (55) knew about screening interval. However, knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer was found in 8.2% (41). About 26.8% (134) women had done Pap test at least once. The most common reason for not doing Pap test is they never heard about it (41.8%: 209). The other reason includes do not know where to do (9.6%: 48); never adviced by doctor (9%: 45); embarrassment (2.4%: 12); fear of finding out cancer (3.2%: 16) and do not have any symptoms (2.4%: 12). Conclusions: The study revealed low cervical cancer knowledge and poor screening behavior among the women. This may be suggestive of even poorer awareness and screening and practices among older women who are less educated or with no education.

scholarly journals Analytical study of Pap smear reports over a period of 1 year in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Mehak Reyaz ◽  
Nupur Nandi ◽  
Ritika Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. In India and other developing countries cervical cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Cancer cervix continues to be most common genital carcinoma in India accounting for 80% of all female genital malignancies. Pre-invase lesions can spontaneously regress to normal or remain stable for long period or progress to a higher degree of dysplasia. Cancer of cervix is preventable if diagnosed at the pre-invasive stage with regular intervals of cytological screening by Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The aim of the study is to analyse the pap reports in terms of normal findings, infections, premalignant lesions and invasive cancers.Methods: All women attending the outpatient department gynaecology at TMMC and RC Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh over a period of 1 year from august 2017-18 presented of obstetrics and with white discharge per vagina were screened for cervical cancer using pap smear. All the smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system.Results: Out of 1392 Pap smear reports ASCUS was reported in 27 cases (2%), LSIL in 27 cases (2%), HSIL in 15 cases (1%), malignant cells in 15 cases (1%) and normal including the infection is reported in 1308 cases (94%).Conclusions: Early cervical epithelial changes can be identified by a Pap smear test, which is the primary screening test for detection of precancerous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and the early stage of invasive cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Cervical Cancer Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Anjali Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Hybrid Techniques ◽  
Cpu Time

Cervical cancer is second most prevailing cancer in women all over the world and the Pap smear is one of the most popular techniques used to diagnosis cervical cancer at an early stage. Developing countries like India has to face the challenges in order to handle more cases day by day. In this article, various online and offline machine learning algorithms has been applied on benchmarked data sets to detect cervical cancer. This article also addresses the problem of segmentation with hybrid techniques and optimizes the number of features using extra tree classifiers. Accuracy, precision score, recall score, and F1 score are increasing in the proportion of data for training and attained up to 100% by some algorithms. Algorithm like logistic regression with L1 regularization has an accuracy of 100%, but it is too much costly in terms of CPU time in comparison to some of the algorithms which obtain 99% accuracy with less CPU time. The key finding in this article is the selection of the best machine learning algorithm with the highest accuracy. Cost effectiveness in terms of CPU time is also analysed.

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