scholarly journals SOCIAL AND LABOR RELATIONS — THE ESSENTIAL BASIS OF EMPLOYMENT INSTITUTIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
O. V. Kuznecova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Territorial Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Theoretical Standpoint

The category of employment is considered from the point of view of the theory that explains the essence of employment, and from the point of view of the practice of employment management, focused on creating the fundamental foundations for regulating the processes occurring in the labor markets. From a theoretical standpoint, employment is presented in the form of an element of a conceptual system that includes employment itself, unemployment, the labor market, which are in contradictory dialectical interactions among themselves, reflected in social and labor relations. From the point of view of practice, “employment”, “unemployment” and “labor market” are considered as a system of objects of managerial influences, interconnected in such a way that the impact on one of them causes changes in the content of other objects of the system. Such relationships are due to the emerging within the territorial entities social and labor relations. The article proposes to create employment institutions in the structure of territorial government, the methodological basis of which should be social and labor relations.

scholarly journals The Impact of Population Aging and Public Health Support on EU Labor Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirela Cristea ◽  
Gratiela Georgiana Noja ◽  
Petru Stefea ◽  
Adrian Lucian Sala
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Older People ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Population aging and public health expenditure mainly dedicated to older dependent persons present major challenges for the European Union (EU) Member States, with profound implications for their economies and labor markets. Sustainable economic development relies on a well-balanced workforce of young and older people. As this balance shifts in favor of older people, productivity tends to suffer, on the one hand, and the older group demands more from health services, on the other hand. These requisites tend to manifest differently within developed and developing EU countries. This research aimed to assess population aging impacts on labor market coordinates (employment rate, labor productivity), in the framework of several health dimensions (namely, health government expenditure, hospital services, healthy life years, perceived health) and other economic and social factors. The analytical approach consisted of applying structural equation models, Gaussian graphical models, and macroeconometric models (robust regression and panel corrected standard errors) to EU panel data for the years 1995–2017. The results show significant dissimilarities between developed and developing EU countries, suggesting the need for specific policies and strategies for the labor market integration of older people, jointly with public health expenditure, with implications for EU labor market performance.

The Impact of Immigration on Competing Natives' Wages: Evidence from German Reunification

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Prantl ◽  
Alexandra Spitz-Oener
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
German Reunification ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
East German ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Measures

After the fall of the Berlin Wall on November 9, 1989, and the collapse of the German Democratic Republic, a sudden, unexpected, and massive influx of East German migrants hit the entire West German labor market. The context is well suited for investigating whether immigration influences natives' wages and how the effects depend on product and labor market conditions. We propose direct measures of potential migration with exogenous variation, compare migrants to natives with similar capabilities, and segment the labor market along predetermined margins. We find that immigration can have negative effects on the wages of natives. These effects surface when product and labor markets are competitive but not under regulations that restrict the entry of firms and provide workers with a strong influence on firms' decision making.

Modern Features of the Transformation of the World and Russian Labor Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Svistunov ◽  
Valeriya Konovalova ◽  
Vitaliy Lobachyev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Cation Composition ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the assessment of the impact of modern digital technologies on the world and Russian labor market. The relevance of the chosen problem is explained by the fact that the achieved level of digital development of society has a signifi cant impact on the size of labor markets, the qualifi cation composition of workers, the demand for certain professions. The article presents the results of the analysis of the impact of digital technology on the growth of Russia’s GDP, the contribution of individual factors of growth in value added of diff erent sectors of the economy, including the sectoral dimension, the dynamics of digital technologies across regions of the country. The article presents the results of studies characterizing new trends in the labor market, formed as a response to the increasingly active penetration of the digital economy in the socioeconomic sphere of society.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE LABOR MARKET INEQUALITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (44) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Е.S. Sadovaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Main Category ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Social

Recognizing the growth of inequality as one of the main social and economic problems of our time. The author concludes that it is natural and caused by a radical reformatting of the economy influenced by digital technologies. The article examines the organizational and technological changes in the modern economy, influenced by digitalization, in terms of their impact on labor relations and the restructuring of the modern labor market. The paper aims to study the mechanisms of the inequality formation in the labor market and the peculiarities of the social and labor sphere functions in the new economic reality. Employment, as a connecting link between economic and social processes, has been chosen as the main category of scientific analysis, which makes it possible to understand the essence of the ongoing transformations, as well as their social consequences. These transformations can be implemented using software automation of business processes. From the economic point of view, it allows you to significantly increase labor productivity, from the social point of view, it helps to reduce the demand for labor and labor costs. Automation of individual business processes turns out to be a socio-technological prerequisite for the “platformization” of employment and the emergence of crowdworking platforms that institutionalize this process. The increasingly widespread employment platform, which fundamentally changes the relationship between employers and workers, reduces social protection for the latter and leads to the segmentation of the previously egalitarian labor market. Under the influence of digitalization of business processes, labor relations are being transformed from social into computer algorithms, and the “employee” becomes a “user of mobile applications”. The article highlights the stages of business automation and examines its impact on employment and the nature of social and labor relations from the organizational, technological, political, economic and macroeconomic perspectives. In addition, the social consequences of digital transformation of business processes are analyzed in relation to the conditions of specific business activities – the manufacturing sector and the service sector. The author concludes that the digitalization of business processes affects the change in the nature of social and labor relations indirectly – through a decrease in demand for labor and structural changes in employment. Understanding the essence of this process is important for identifying the root causes of the inequality in the modern labor market, and the conclusions of the research may be useful when choosing options of state policy aimed at eliminating its most acute consequences.

scholarly journals Socio-Geographical Concept of Labor Market Monitoring and Regional Employment Policy Formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 05013
Author(s):  
Kateryna Butkaliuk ◽  
Valentyna Shchabelska ◽  
Mariia Bykova ◽  
Iuliia Pologovska
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Regional Employment ◽  
Market Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

The necessity of socio-geographical concept elaboration and implementation for labor market monitoring and regional employment policy formation is grounded from the socio-geographical point of view. It has been established that: 1) the versatility and complex nature of the labor market development specificated by natural and socio-economic factors of important geographical content has determined its socio-geographical essence; 2) the development of the concept requires different approaches, principles and research methods, including socio-geographical, taking into account various labor market factors; 3)the concept should take into account the influence of the laws of the production and human settlement territorial organisation, as well as the level of development and structure of the region's economy; 4)the concept should take into account the peculiarities of the labor market formation and development in the economic system agricultural sector as well as the impact of current risks and challenges on the social and labor sphere of public life; 5) the implementation of such a concept has to provide the balancing of labor supply and demand within the country and its regions; 6)regional employment policy should be aimed at rational use of the territory labor potential.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC’S IMPACT ON THE LABOUR MARKETS OF ASEAN MEMBER STATES (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Olga Pryazhnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

The review examines the implications of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor markets of ASEAN countries. Shows that measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, taken by the governments of the alliance countries, such as lockdowns and isolation, have led to a decrease in economic activity and in employment. Notes that the most vulnerable groups in the labor market of the ASEAN countries in the context of the crisis provoked by COVID-19 are labor migrants and persons employed in the informal sector of the economy.

scholarly journals Industry 4.0: Challenges and Opportunities for the Labor Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
S. Bespalyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
The Impact

Main problem: In the 18th century, when industrial production began, the use of steam and mechanized production caused major changes in the economy. As a result, production costs decreased along with an increase in the quantity and quality of products. During this period, production underwent a revolutionary transition from manual labor to mechanization. The potential impact of Industry 4.0 on labor markets remains an under-explored scientific field. It is estimated that Industry 4.0 will lead to unemployment by changing the employment structure and will bring new structural problems in terms of unemployment and labor relations. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to establish the impact of Industry 4.0 on the labor market and identify the consequences of the impact. Methods: studied, the evolution of production development, when mass production with electricity led to the Age of Industry 2.0, and then the emergence of the digital revolution, the use of electronics and information technology in production processes, marked the beginning of the Age of Industry 3.0. It is expected, according to international experts, scientists, that automation and robotic production will have a serious impact on the unskilled workforce and cause a critical reduction in the labor force of vulnerable sectors of society, that is, women, migrants, youth and the elderly. Results and their significance: This study assessed the possible impact of the fourth industrial revolution on labor markets. Through a literature review and analysis of emerging trends in Industry 4.0, the risks, opportunities and challenges of the process are explored in a comparative perspective. It has been established that countries must correctly perceive the transformation of labor markets and take appropriate measures. Otherwise, the applied labor-based low-cost industrialization model will lose its comparative advantage.

scholarly journals Labor Markets in Resource-Type Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Margarita V. Kurbatova ◽  
◽  
Inna V. Donova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Regional Labor Markets ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Resource Type ◽  
High Level

The modern economic literature has accumulated enough data indicating that labor markets have local specifics, and a single all-Russian labor market is an abstraction. Therefore, the characterization of the Russian labor market as a system of separate regional markets is very important. The purpose of this paper is to determine the functional characteristics of the labor markets of resource-type regions, to identify the features of their state. We used Rosstat data for 2005–2006, 2008, 2013, 2016–2019, as well as microdata from a sample labor force survey conducted by Rosstat in 2019. It is shown that the factor of resource dependence has some effect on the parameters of regional labor markets, but only in combination with other factors (climatic, demographic, spatial, structural and sectoral). In various regions the influence of this factors can be very different. The cluster analysis made it possible to identify some effects of the influence of the resource dependence on labor markets. Firstly, only a very high level of resource dependence of regions is accompanied by a positive and complex influence on regional labor markets. Secondly, resource dependence of regions provides labor market parameters at least at the national average. From the point of view of state regulation labor markets in regions with a high level of resource dependence deserve special attention. At the same time, the main area of activity should be efforts to diversify the economy at the expense of resource rent. This requires the development of new approaches to the interaction of regional authorities with mining companies based in resource-type regions.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Human Resources Department – The Impact of the Demographic Evolution (The Case of Migration)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
George Bucăța
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Labour Mobility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Demographic Evolution ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Employees must adapt to these permanent changes by acquiring new skills required to use new technologies. One of the phenomena developed in order to meet these challanges is labour mobility. For the purpose of economic and social mobility, labour is a form of movement in relation to the ever-changing needs of the productive factors. Mobility in the labor market can be considered from several aspects. At the EU level, the phenomenon of labour mobility is promoted by the desire to meet the challanges arising in the labour market. From a economic and political point of view, the free movement of people is inteded to create a common market for labour and promoting EU citizens, by removing barriers in this area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document