scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HUMIC ACIDS IN THE PRESENCE OF OIL-DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS OF THE GE-NUS RHODOCOCCUS ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF COCKWEED IN OIL POLLUTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Mariya Mikhaylovna Gertsen ◽  
Elena Dmitrievna Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Test Culture ◽  
High Moor ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
High Moor Peat

By the method of biotesting, it has been established that the addition of oil-degrading microorganisms of the genus Rhodococcus to the soil contaminated with hydrocarbonshas a positive effect on morphogenesis and sowing qualities of the cockweed test culture, which is associated with the microbiological oxidation of oil by bacteria of the studied strains. It was revealed that a positive effect was observed in 5 of 8 variants of the experiment on the medium with hexadecane with the joint introduction of humic acids and microorganisms. Under the conditions of oil pollution, the introduction of Rh. erythropolis X5 and Rh. erythropolis S67 microorganisms into the substrate with the addition of humic acids as a whole has a stimulating effect on the morphogenesis and sowing qualities of cockweed. It should be noted that it was in the “oil + humic acids + microorganism” variant that the indicators were obtained that maximally exceeded the values of the contaminated control. Reducing the toxicity of oil and hexadecane, and in some cases, the complete removal of the negative effects of toxicants in the relation to the test culture are apparently connected with the intensification of the process of oil biodegradation due to the stimulating effect of humic acids on the microorganisms. It is proved that the introduced humic acids act as adaptogens in the relation to the microorganisms Rh. erythropolis X5 and Rh. erythropolis S67, increasing their resistance to stress loads under conditions of oil stress. Thus, the results show that the introduction of humic acids can contribute to more effective biodegradation of oil pollution of soils. At the same time, in order to increase the efficiency of humic acids, the use of humic acids of sphagnum transitional peat + Rh.erythropolis X5, humic acids of sphagnum high-moor peat + Rh. erythropolis X5, humic acids of reed fen peat + Rh. erythropolis S67 in the conditions of oil pollution seems more promising. On a substrate with hexadecane, it is advisable to consider the use of humic acids of sphagnum high-moor peat, because in this variant, the parameters that maximally exceed the contaminated control were noted.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF HUMIC ACIDS ON THE SOWING QUALITIES OF COCKWEED IN OIL POLLUTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 349-357
Author(s):  
Elena Dmitriyevna Dmitrieva ◽  
Mariya Mikhaylovna Gertsen ◽  
Svetlana Vladimirovna Gorelova
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Oil Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Moor ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
High Moor Peat

The stimulating effect of humic acids on the processes of growth and development of cress seeds has been revealed. It has been established that use of humic acids of black alder fen peat most effectively affects the sowing qualities of seeds under conditions of oil pollution (an increase in the germination energy and germination capacity compared to the non-humic acid variant by 38%). The minimal inhibitory effect on shoot growth was observed in the soil with hexadecane (20.8 mm less than the control), the maximum – in the soil with oil (22.5 mm less than the control). Humic acids show a stimulating effect on the growth of cress roots under conditions of pollution with oil hydrocarbons. The root length indicators exceeded the values obtained in the version with the pollutant without the use of humic acids from 6% (oil) to 16% of the control (hexadecane). Based on the data obtained during the vegetation experiments, it can be assumed that the stimulating activity of humic acids is more pronounced in stressful conditions for the organism. The biostimulating effect of humic acids was revealed, which manifested itself in an increase in the length of the hypocotyl and root, and the physiological activity of detoxicants was more effectively detected under conditions of pollution with oil hydrocarbons. According to the results of the vegetative experience on a substrate with hexadecane during the irrigation with humic acids of sphagnum high-moor peat, the maximum values of the test responses were determined, corresponding to the control values ​​obtained on the uncontaminated substrate, or higher than the latter. In the variant with oil, the most pronounced effect was achieved with the introduction of humic acids of reed fen and sphagnum high-moor peat, which confirms the hypothesis about the protective effect of humic acids in pollution conditions, which is determined by the binding ability of humic acids in relation to toxicant and their own biological activity in the relation to plants. It is proved that humic acids of peats make a significant contribution to the natural processes of self-purification, causing immobilization and detoxification of petroleum hydrocarbons, which indicates the prospects of their application in technologies of purification and recultivation of polluted water and soil media.

scholarly journals Modelling direct payments to agriculture in a CGE Framework – analysis of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Křístková ◽  
A. Habrychová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
Positive Effect

The paper deals with modelling of the direct payments subsidies to agriculture and their impact on the economy of the Czech Republic. With the use of the general equilibrium model, scenarios concerning an increase of subsidies reaching 100% of the national envelope and a complete removal of both SAPS and Top-Up payments are applied. The results show that if the full amount of subsidies is granted, the value added in agriculture and the connected sectors is stimulated, with a positive effect on the total GDP. However, if the direct payments are completely removed, negative effects on employment can be expected, suggesting that the direct payments play a positive role in the economy. The paper further points out that the effects of direct payments on the incomes of farmer households are limited, suggesting that the farmers’ living standard should be supported by other policy instruments than the direct payments

Development of a New Technology of Environmental Purification from Naphthalene

2015 ◽  
Vol 1085 ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev V. Nechaev ◽  
Olga N. Tchaikovskaya ◽  
Elizaveta V. Maltseva ◽  
Natalya V. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acids ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Structural Group ◽  
High Moor ◽  
Molecular Masses ◽  
Spectral And Luminescent Properties ◽  
Group Compositions ◽  
The Given ◽  
High Moor Peat

Results of investigation of naphthalene interaction with humic acids of high-moor peat and their fractions are presented in the article. The elemental and structural-group compositions of humic acids of high-moor peat and of their fractions are determined, average values of their molecular masses are found, and their spectral and luminescent properties are investigated. Numerical values of constants of naphthalene interaction with humic acids and their fractions are calculated, and the polarity of naphthalene microenvironment in solutions of humic acids is estimated. The results of investigations suggest that the maximum affinity of naphthalene is observed to the fraction of hematomelanic acids and that the naphthalene microenvironment in solutions of the given fraction is polar.

scholarly journals A tentative approach to the molecular structure of humic acids: The spectral evidence for a derivation of humic acids from plant-borne esters. 2. Infrared and chemical analyses.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-175
Author(s):  
G. Minderman
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
High Moor ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Stable Radicals ◽  
Lower Plants ◽  
High Moor Peat

It is suggested that: humic acids are polyesters, originate as monomers in the secondary metabolism of both higher and lower plants, and are formed in an acid environment (including high-moor peat); the formation of humic acids is promoted by desiccation, particularly under alkaline conditions; humic acids exhibit keto-enol tautomerism, can form semi-quinones and therefore stable radicals also, and derive their colour from these radicals. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Biologically Active Extractives of High-Moor Peat of Northern European Russia

Vestnik RFFI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svtelana B. Selyanina ◽  
◽  
Marina V. Trufanova ◽  
Svtelana A. Zabelina ◽  
Mikhail V. Bogdanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Russia ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Northern European ◽  
High Moor ◽  
Northern European Russia ◽  
High Moor Peat

scholarly journals Determinants of Corporate Anti-Corruption Disclosure: The Case of the Emerging Economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3462
Author(s):  
Maider Aldaz Odriozola ◽  
Igor Álvarez Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Corruption is a key factor that affects countries’ development, with emerging countries being a geographical area in which it tends to generate greater negative effects. However, few empirical studies analyze corruption from the point of view of disclosure by companies in this relevant geographical area. Based on a regression analysis using data from the 96 large companies from 15 emerging countries included in the 2016 International Transparency Report, this paper seeks to understand what determinants affect such disclosure. In that context, this paper provides empirical evidence to understand the factors that influence reporting on anti-corruption mechanisms in an area of high economic importance that has been little studied to date, pointing to the positive effect of press freedom in a country where the company is located and with the industry being the unique control variable that strengthens this relationship.

scholarly journals Inhibition or Facilitation? Contrasted Inter-Specific Interactions in Sphagnum under Laboratory and Field Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1554
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Zhao-Jun Bu ◽  
Azim Mallik ◽  
Yong-Da Chen ◽  
Xue-Feng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Specific Interactions ◽  
Interaction Type ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Effect

In a natural environment, plants usually interact with their neighbors predominantly through resource competition, allelopathy, and facilitation. The occurrence of the positive effect of allelopathy between peat mosses (Sphagnum L.) is rare, but it has been observed in a field experiment. It is unclear whether the stability of the water table level in peat induces positive vs. negative effects of allelopathy and how that is related to phenolic allelochemical production in Sphagnum. Based on field experiment data, we established a laboratory experiment with three neighborhood treatments to measure inter-specific interactions between Sphagnum angustifolium (Russ.) C. Jens and Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. We found that the two species were strongly suppressed by the allelopathic effects of each other. S. magellanicum allelopathically facilitated S. angustifolium in the field but inhibited it in the laboratory, and relative allelopathy intensity appeared to be positively related to the content of released phenolics. We conclude that the interaction type and intensity between plants are dependent on environmental conditions. The concentration of phenolics alone may not explain the type and relative intensity of allelopathy. Carefully designed combined field and laboratory experiments are necessary to reveal the mechanism of species interactions in natural communities.

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

scholarly journals Numerical Studies of the Effects of Water Capsules on Self-Healing Efficiency and Mechanical Properties in Cementitious Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoliang Huang ◽  
Guang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

In this research, self-healing due to further hydration of unhydrated cement particles is taken as an example for investigating the effects of capsules on the self-healing efficiency and mechanical properties of cementitious materials. The efficiency of supply of water by using capsules as a function of capsule dosages and sizes was determined numerically. By knowing the amount of water supplied via capsules, the efficiency of self-healing due to further hydration of unhydrated cement was quantified. In addition, the impact of capsules on mechanical properties was investigated numerically. The amount of released water increases with the dosage of capsules at different slops as the size of capsules varies. Concerning the best efficiency of self-healing, the optimizing size of capsules is 6.5 mm for capsule dosages of 3%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. Both elastic modulus and tensile strength of cementitious materials decrease with the increase of capsule. The decreasing tendency of tensile strength is larger than that of elastic modulus. However, it was found that the increase of positive effect (the capacity of inducing self-healing) of capsules is larger than that of negative effects (decreasing mechanical properties) when the dosage of capsules increases.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Used Motor Oil in Soil Using Organic Waste Amendments

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Abioye ◽  
P. Agamuthu ◽  
A. R. Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Soil Bioremediation ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Used Lubricating Oil

Soil and surface water contamination by used lubricating oil is a common occurrence in most developing countries. This has been shown to have harmful effects on the environment and human beings at large. Bioremediation can be an alternative green technology for remediation of such hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with 5% and 15% (w/w) used lubricating oil and amended with 10% brewery spent grain (BSG), banana skin (BS), and spent mushroom compost (SMC) was studied for a period of 84 days, under laboratory condition. At the end of 84 days, the highest percentage of oil biodegradation (92%) was recorded in soil contaminated with 5% used lubricating oil and amended with BSG, while only 55% of oil biodegradation was recorded in soil contaminated with 15% used lubricating oil and amended with BSG. Results of first-order kinetic model to determine the rate of biodegradation of used lubricating oil revealed that soil amended with BSG recorded the highest rate of oil biodegradation (0.4361 day−1) in 5% oil pollution, while BS amended soil recorded the highest rate of oil biodegradation (0.0556 day−1) in 15% oil pollution. The results of this study demonstrated the potential of BSG as a good substrate for enhanced remediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soil at low pollution concentration.

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