scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Irrigating Solutions on Endodontic Pathogens - An In Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 789-792
Author(s):  
Suneeth Shetty ◽  
Sunil Tejaswi ◽  
Ambikathanya U.K. ◽  
Akanksha Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Endodontic Infection ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

BACKGROUND The key to a successful endodontic treatment is to ensure complete eradication of the infection present and to prevent reinfection. This depends on meticulous disinfection using intracanal irrigants. In dentistry the most commonly used irrigant is sodium hypochlorite which has the disadvantages of cytotoxicity and unpleasant taste. The extracts of neem have been used since ages for their medicinal values and used widely for health care. However, the potential use of such an agent for the success of endodontic procedures has not yet been investigated. Hence, if proved effective, such a natural agent will have a dominant hold against the chemical disinfectants in terms of biocompatibility and tissue response. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Q-MIX (2 in 1), 10 % neem (Azadirachta indica), and 2 % sodium hypochlorite on the growth and culture of Enterococcus faecalis and Mutant Streptococcus over a period of 4 weeks. METHODS This is a descriptive study conducted among samples collected from 30 healthy patients who were indicated for pulpectomy. The sample size was taken for convenience. Incisors of these individuals were selected on the basis that they had to undergo endodontic treatment due to primary endodontic infection. The zones of inhibition were measured by agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done using independent T test & chi-square test. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that the mean zones of inhibition in this study were 20.54 mm, 9.65 mm and 4.54 mm for Q-MIX (2 in 1), 10 % neem and 2 % sodium hypochlorite. The significance was greater between Q-MIX (2 in 1) and the other two agents as the P-value was < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS The result indicated Q-MIX (2 in 1) is a more effective root canal irrigant when compared to 10 % neem and 2 % sodium hypochlorite. KEY WORDS Q-MIX (2 in 1), Azadirachta indica, Apical Periodontitis, Enterococcus faecalis

scholarly journals Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficiency of Neem Leaf Extract and 17% Edta with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite against E. faecalis, C. albicans – An in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
T. Santhosh ◽  
S. Delphine Priscilla Antony ◽  
N. P. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Introduction: Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis are the most predominant microorganisms found in the canals of failed root canal treated teeth. Thorough debridement of an infected root canal and complete elimination of microorganisms are objectives of effective endodontic therapy. For thousands of years, humans have used herbs as the primary means to sort out health issues and illnesses. Not all herbs have shown to provide scientific evidence as medicine to illness. Neem is a Botanical herb that is truly remarkable with its scientific value, a tropical evergreen native to India. Although different agents have been suggested as root canal irrigants, sodium hypochlorite and EDTA are the most popularly used. Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available irrigants, 17% EDTA and a herbal product, neem leaf extract compared with 3% sodium hypochlorite as a control against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Freshly prepared neem leaf extracts, 17% EDTA, 3% Sodium hypochloriteStandard strain of E. Faecalis and C. Albicans were used in this study. These isolates were subcultured on to Brain heart infusion agar (BHI agar) and HI-chrome candidal differential media respectively. The agar well diffusion test was performed in brain heart infusion media and broth. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the zone of inhibition was recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: Zones of inhibition were present with Neem leaf extract suggestive of antimicrobial properties. Zones of inhibition were greater with Neem extract than 17% EDTA. Hence, further research should be directed towards the use of this herbal extract as an irrigant clinically with endodontic therapy. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it was found that neem leaf extract had a significant antimicrobial effect against E. Faecalis and C. Albicans compared to EDTA and Sodium Hypochlorite. Since the study is a qualitative analysis, further testing needs to be done to final quantitative analysis of the antimicrobial activity of neem leaf extract.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 791-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

ABSTRACT Introduction Debridement and disinfection of the root canal is a crucial step in the success of endodontic treatment. Several antimicrobial agents alone or in combination are used to achieve this. The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods Neem leaf extract, 2% chlorhexidine, 3% sodium hypochlorite were used to assess the antimicrobial efficiency. Agar well diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial efficacy with saline as control. The zone of inhibition was recorded, tabulated, and analyzed statistically with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics version 20 using analysis of variance test. Results All the three medicaments showed well-defined and comparable zones of inhibition around their respective wells. All values were significantly higher than the control group. Analysis of variance showed significant difference between zone diameters of chlorhexidine, neem leaf extract, and 3% sodium hypochlorite against E. faecalis (p < 0.05). Conclusion From the present study, it can be concluded that neem leaf extract shows comparable zones of inhibition with that of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. Clinical significance Neem leaf extract has significant antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis and thus opens the perspectives for the use of neem extract as an intracanal medication. How to cite this article Mustafa M. Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):791-794.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Plasma: AnIn VitroStudy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Cieślik-Bielecka ◽  
Tadeusz Bold ◽  
Grzegorz Ziółkowski ◽  
Marcin Pierchała ◽  
Aleksandra Królikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bovine Thrombin ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of the study was to investigate the leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) antimicrobial activity. The studied sample comprised 20 healthy males. The L-PRP gel, liquid L-PRP, and thrombin samples were testedin vitrofor their antibacterial properties against selected bacterial strains using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two types of thrombin were used (autologous and bovine). Zones of inhibition produced by L-PRP ranged between 6 and 18 mm in diameter. L-PRP inhibited the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA and MSSA strains) and was also active againstEnterococcus faecalisandPseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no activity againstEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae. The statistically significant increase of L-PRP antimicrobial effect was noted with the use of major volume of thrombin as an activator. Additionally, in groups where a bovine thrombin mixture was added to L-PRP the zones of inhibition concerning MRSA,Enterococcus faecalis, andPseudomonas aeruginosawere larger than in the groups with autologous thrombin. Based on the conducted studies, it can be determined that L-PRP can evokein vitroantimicrobial effects and might be used to treat selected infections in the clinical field. The major volume of thrombin as an activator increases the strength of the L-PRP antimicrobial effect.

Comparative evaluation ofantimicrobial activity of herbal oils and their ability in disinfection of gutta percha cones - Aninvitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Dr.Mansi Rastogi ◽  
Dr. Prasannalatha Nadig ◽  
Dr.Jayalakshmi K B ◽  
Dr. Arul Selvan K ◽  
Dr. Sujatha I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Micro Organisms

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial activity of different herbal oils and their ability in disinfection of gutta percha cones. Material and methods: Antimicrobial activity of Lemon grass oil, Cinnamonoil, Peppermintoil and sodium hypochlorite (positive control) was evaluated using Agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and E. Faecalis. Sixty gutta percha cones were glove handled during ongoing routine endodontic procedures and then cut into two equal halves. First half of contaminated gutta percha cones were placed in brothand incubated and the other halves were treated with herbal oils and sodium hypochlorite for one minute and then incubated for 24hours to check for turbidity. Results: 1)For both tested micro-organisms, Cinnamon oil showed largest zones of inhibition (mean ± SD), 28.6 ± 1.18 mm, 30.8 ± 1.4 mm against E. faecalis, S. aureus. 2)Cinnamon oil is most effective in decontamination of GP cones in 1 minute, followed by NaOCl, Lemon grass oil and Peppermint oil. Conclusion: Cinnamon oil is a potent antimicrobial agent for rapid disinfection of GP cones in one minute and can be an alternative to sodium hypochlorite.

scholarly journals Combined Effect of Melittin and DNase on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilms and Its Susceptibility to Sodium Hypochlorite

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3740
Author(s):  
Sujitha Ramaraj ◽  
Mi-Ah Kim ◽  
Vinicius Rosa ◽  
Prasanna Neelakantan ◽  
Won-Jun Shon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
P Value ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Root Canals

Biofilm communities are tolerant to antimicrobials and difficult to eradicate. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melittin, an antimicrobial peptide, either alone or in combination with deoxyribonuclease (DNase), an inhibitor of extracellular deoxyribonucleic acid (eDNA), against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) biofilms, and biofilm susceptibility to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Biofilms of E. faecalis were developed in root canals of bovine teeth. The biofilms were treated with distilled water (control), melittin, DNase, or DNase+melittin. The antibiofilm effects of the treatments were analyzed using colony forming unit (CFU) assay, crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The susceptibility of DNase+melittin-treated biofilms to NaOCl (0%, 2.5% and 5%) was investigated by the CFU assay. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey’s test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Specimens treated with DNase+melittin showed a more significant decrease in the CFUs, eDNA level, and biofilm formation rate than those treated only with melittin or DNase (p < 0.05). CLSM analysis showed DNase+melittin treatment significantly reduced the volume of biofilms and extracellular polymeric substance compared to either treatment alone (p < 0.05). FE-SEM images showed a high degree of biofilm disruption in specimens that received DNase+melittin. 2.5% NaOCl in specimens pretreated with DNase+melittin showed higher antibacterial activity than those treated only with 5% NaOCl (p < 0.05). This study highlighted that DNase improved the antibiofilm effects of melittin. Moreover, DNase+melittin treatment increased the susceptibility of biofilms to NaOCl. Thus, the complex could be a clinical strategy for safer use of NaOCl by reducing the concentration.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Potential Test of Basil Leaf (Ocimum Basilicum) Against Enterococcus Faecalis ATCC 29212

2021 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diani Prisinda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Introduction: Bacteria and their virulence factors are the main causes of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment. The bacteria that is often found and considered as pathogens in root canals after endodontic treatment is Enterococcus faecalis. The main goal of endodontic treatment is the elimination of microorganisms and preventing re-infection after root canal treatment which can be achieved through mechanical-chemical debridement using an irrigation solution. Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) which is an herbal plant are thought to have antibacterial compounds that can inhibit Enterococcus faecalis. This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial potential of the n-hexane extract of basil leaves against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Methods: This experimental laboratory study tested the effectiveness of n-hexane extract of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 using disk diffusion method with three times of repetition. Results: The results of this study indicated that the n-hexane extract of basil leaves did not have an inhibition zone against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Discussion: The concentration of n-hexane extract of basil leaves was not directly proportional to the diameter of the resulting inhibition zone. This is due to several factors that can affect the test results. Conclusion: The n-hexane extract of basil leaves does not have antibacterial potential effect against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jain Mathew ◽  
Reshmi George ◽  
Robin Theruvil ◽  
Tobin C Padavil ◽  
Lincy Tomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

ABSTRACT Aim To determine the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of leaves of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion method. Materials and methods Dried leaves of A. muricata and S. glauca were powdered and extracted in a soxhlet apparatus. Enterococcus faecalis was grown overnight in Trypticase soy agar plates. About 10 μL of each extract was placed on agar plates and incubated overnight. The zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours. About 1% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls. Results The leaf extract of A. muricata showed similar effectiveness as that of sodium hypochlorite, whereas the leaf extract of S. glauca showed only a slight reduction in growth of E. faecalis. Conclusion Leaf extract of A. muricata can be developed as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigants. Clinical significance Success of endodontic treatment depends on complete disinfection of the root canals. Root canal irrigants have a major role in complete disinfection of the root canals. Chemical root canal irrigants are more or less toxic to the oral environment. In this study, naturally derived leaf extracts of A. muricata and S. glauca are compared with sodium hypochlorite for its effectiveness against E. faecalis – the most common pathogen found in the root canals. How to cite this article Mathew J, George R, Theruvil R, Padavil TC, Tomy L, Kurian A. Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):650-653.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCI) 2.5%, Microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, Microemulsion of Thyme 0.6% on the Enterococcus Faecalis After Root Canal Filling

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-437
Author(s):  
Forough Khodadadnejad ◽  
◽  
Majid Akbari ◽  
Fateme Abdolalian ◽  
Mahboube Daneshvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Anterior Teeth

Background and Aim: The success of endodontic treatment depends on the complete elimination of pathogenic bacteria inside the root canal. Enterococcus faecalis, a gram-positive, pathogenic, and anaerobic cocci, are the primary etiology of root canal infection in treated and untreated teeth and are highly associated with endodontic treatment failure. This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activity of Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, and microemulsion of Thyme 0.6% on the E. faecalis after root canal filling. Methods & Materials: In this experimental study, 25 extracted single canal human anterior teeth were collected, and their crowns were cut. Then after washing and cleaning, and filling, the sterilization was done using an autoclave. Then, except 5 teeth (negative control group), the teeth were smeared with E. faecalis and then divided into 5 groups randomly represented the irrigation by Sodium hypochlorite 2.5%, microemulsion of Myrtus 10%, and microemulsion of Thyme 0.6%, with a positive control group and negative control group. The teeth were filled with gutta-percha and then incubated in an incubator for 90 days at a temperature of 37°C. Finally, the comparison of CFU in the groups due to abnormal data distribution was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved this study (Code: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1398.297). Results: According to the results of this study, the correlation between the groups of cultured teeth was not significant(P>0.05). The specimens washed with microemulsion of the Thyme 0.6% had the highest positive number of cultures; the specimens washed by Sodium hypochlorite 2.5% had the lowest number of cultures. Conclusion: This study showed that no statistically significant difference exists in their antimicrobial activity after root canal therapy after the use of different wash solutions.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Tea Tree Oil with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine against E. faecalis: An in vitro Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Sheth ◽  
Uday Kamath ◽  
Sai Ramesh ◽  
Keshav Singla
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Tea Tree

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Among the bacterial species which most often cause endodontic failure, Enterococcus faecalis is the most important. This study compared the antibacterial efficacy of tea tree oil with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine as a root canal irrigant, against E. faecalis Materials and Methods Normal saline, tea tree oil, 3% sodium hypochlorite, 2% chlorhexidine and fresh stains of E. faecalis were used. Four round wells, 4 mm deep and 8 mm diameter, were punched using sterile cork borer in blood agar plates and divided into four groups: group A: normal saline (control), group B: 3% sodium hypochlorite, group C: 2% chlorhexidine and group D: tea tree oil. Agar well diffusion method was performed to compare the antibacterial efficacy of tea tree oil, 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine. Results The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Tea tree oil showed comparable inhibition of bacterial growth with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. No zone of inhibition was shown by normal saline (control). Interpretation and conclusion Tea tree oil showed statistically significant antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, which is very much similar to sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. Abbreviations CHX: Chlorhexidine; E. faecalis: Enterococcus faecalis; NaOCl: Sodium hypochlorite. How to cite this article Kamath U, Sheth H, Ramesh S, Singla K. Comparison of the Antibacterial Efficacy of Tea Tree Oil with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine against E. faecalis: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2013; 3(3):117-120.

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