scholarly journals Comparison of the Antimicrobial Efficiency of Neem Leaf Extract and 17% Edta with 3% Sodium Hypochlorite against E. faecalis, C. albicans – An in vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
T. Santhosh ◽  
S. Delphine Priscilla Antony ◽  
N. P. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Introduction: Candida albicans and Enterococcus faecalis are the most predominant microorganisms found in the canals of failed root canal treated teeth. Thorough debridement of an infected root canal and complete elimination of microorganisms are objectives of effective endodontic therapy. For thousands of years, humans have used herbs as the primary means to sort out health issues and illnesses. Not all herbs have shown to provide scientific evidence as medicine to illness. Neem is a Botanical herb that is truly remarkable with its scientific value, a tropical evergreen native to India. Although different agents have been suggested as root canal irrigants, sodium hypochlorite and EDTA are the most popularly used. Aim: To compare the antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available irrigants, 17% EDTA and a herbal product, neem leaf extract compared with 3% sodium hypochlorite as a control against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method. Freshly prepared neem leaf extracts, 17% EDTA, 3% Sodium hypochloriteStandard strain of E. Faecalis and C. Albicans were used in this study. These isolates were subcultured on to Brain heart infusion agar (BHI agar) and HI-chrome candidal differential media respectively. The agar well diffusion test was performed in brain heart infusion media and broth. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and the zone of inhibition was recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: Zones of inhibition were present with Neem leaf extract suggestive of antimicrobial properties. Zones of inhibition were greater with Neem extract than 17% EDTA. Hence, further research should be directed towards the use of this herbal extract as an irrigant clinically with endodontic therapy. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, it was found that neem leaf extract had a significant antimicrobial effect against E. Faecalis and C. Albicans compared to EDTA and Sodium Hypochlorite. Since the study is a qualitative analysis, further testing needs to be done to final quantitative analysis of the antimicrobial activity of neem leaf extract.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jain Mathew ◽  
Reshmi George ◽  
Robin Theruvil ◽  
Tobin C Padavil ◽  
Lincy Tomy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Irrigants ◽  
Simarouba Glauca

ABSTRACT Aim To determine the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of leaves of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion method. Materials and methods Dried leaves of A. muricata and S. glauca were powdered and extracted in a soxhlet apparatus. Enterococcus faecalis was grown overnight in Trypticase soy agar plates. About 10 μL of each extract was placed on agar plates and incubated overnight. The zone of inhibition was measured after 24 hours. About 1% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water were used as positive and negative controls. Results The leaf extract of A. muricata showed similar effectiveness as that of sodium hypochlorite, whereas the leaf extract of S. glauca showed only a slight reduction in growth of E. faecalis. Conclusion Leaf extract of A. muricata can be developed as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigants. Clinical significance Success of endodontic treatment depends on complete disinfection of the root canals. Root canal irrigants have a major role in complete disinfection of the root canals. Chemical root canal irrigants are more or less toxic to the oral environment. In this study, naturally derived leaf extracts of A. muricata and S. glauca are compared with sodium hypochlorite for its effectiveness against E. faecalis – the most common pathogen found in the root canals. How to cite this article Mathew J, George R, Theruvil R, Padavil TC, Tomy L, Kurian A. Antibacterial Activity of Leaf Extract of Annona muricata and Simarouba glauca on Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):650-653.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Root Canal Irrigant Made from Coconut and Bromelain Extract against Biofilm Forming Pathogens– An In vitro Evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 5222-5226
Author(s):  
Jerry Jose ◽  
Ajitha Palanivelu
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Measured Quantity ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Root Canal Irrigant

Objective: Sodium hypochlorite is shown to be a gold standard intracanal irrigant which has shown to have adequate antimicrobial properties and tissue dissolving properties. The toxicity of these irrigants are seen to be high towards various cells. Natural irrigants provide an alternative to show adequate antimicrobial activity and lesser cytotoxicity potential. The current study proposes a novel intracanal irrigant made from coconut and bromelain extract. Material and Methods: 10grams of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in deionized water followed by which 60ml of coconut oil was added to the warm water bath (40C). The final product was left to dry and crushed manually to powder. This powder was then taken in measured quantity to make a final product containing 20% of coconut and 4% of bromelain. The obtained irrigant was then evaluated against Enterococcus faecalis using Agar well diffusion method. Results: For the natural irrigant, the maximum zone of inhibition was seen highest at 22mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 25mm against Candida Albicans. For 3% sodium hypochlorite when compared against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida Albicans showed a maximum zone of inhibition at 33mm against Enterococcus faecalis and 35mm against Candida Albicans. Conclusion: The study shows that the novel irrigant derived from coconut and bromelain extract has a good antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. It can be concluded that it has a potential application as a root canal irrigant for root canal disinfection.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 791-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Antibacterial Efficacy ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

ABSTRACT Introduction Debridement and disinfection of the root canal is a crucial step in the success of endodontic treatment. Several antimicrobial agents alone or in combination are used to achieve this. The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica) extract against Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and methods Neem leaf extract, 2% chlorhexidine, 3% sodium hypochlorite were used to assess the antimicrobial efficiency. Agar well diffusion test was used to study the antimicrobial efficacy with saline as control. The zone of inhibition was recorded, tabulated, and analyzed statistically with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistics version 20 using analysis of variance test. Results All the three medicaments showed well-defined and comparable zones of inhibition around their respective wells. All values were significantly higher than the control group. Analysis of variance showed significant difference between zone diameters of chlorhexidine, neem leaf extract, and 3% sodium hypochlorite against E. faecalis (p < 0.05). Conclusion From the present study, it can be concluded that neem leaf extract shows comparable zones of inhibition with that of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. Clinical significance Neem leaf extract has significant antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis and thus opens the perspectives for the use of neem extract as an intracanal medication. How to cite this article Mustafa M. Antibacterial Efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):791-794.

The In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Quercus robur L. Methanolic and Aqueous Leaves’ Extracts, from the Algerian High Plateaus Against some Uropathogenic Microbial Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 262-274
Author(s):  
E. Benyagoub ◽  
N. Nabbou ◽  
S. Boukhalkhel ◽  
I. Dehini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Microbial Strains

The medicinal value of the plants is due to their chemical components that bring a definite physiological action on the human body to prevent the diseases. In this work, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of leaves’ extracts of Quercus robur L., collected from the Algerian upper highlands, on ten bacterial strains and one fungal strain known to be pathogenic. First, we performed a qualitative phytochemical analysis, and second, antimicrobial activity tests performed by agar diffusion method (disc and well) with the determination of MIC by broth macro-dilution method. Given the results, it appears that obtained macerates of Quercus robur L. were rich in bioactive phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, and other components. The yield of aqueous and methanolic macerates of leaves was 8.5 ± 1.41 and 22.4 ± 4.36%, respectively. The bacterial resistance was relatively important to several antibiotics, namely, ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. However, Staphylococcus aureus strains were resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, and oxacillin; while Enterococcus faecalis was resistant to fusidic acid, penicillin, oxacillin, and ticarcillin. The antibacterial activity of the macerates toward tested microbial strains showed that the aqueous and methanolic macerates of the leaves were proportional to the tested concentration and active not only against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also on the fungal species Candida albicans. The estimated MIC for Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus was in the order of 10 mg/mL, which seems more effective than toward Salmonella sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans which were in the order of 30 mg/mL. These preliminary results confirm that the part of the studied plant had a very good antimicrobial activity that was proportional to the serial concentrations of the tested extracts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Azadirachta indica, against Target Pathogens and Its Utility as a Disinfectant and Floor Cleaner

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (25) ◽  
pp. 1899-1903
Author(s):  
Mohsin Ali Khan ◽  
Shadma Yaqoob ◽  
Sharique Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Inoculum Preparation ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

BACKGROUND Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, neem tree or Indian lilac, Limbo, Nim, Nimba, Medusa and Vempu. It is typically grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Neem belongs to family meliaceae. Neem is a native tree of India. It is also called “village pharmacy of south Asia” (India) because of its enormous medicinal properties and people use it most of the time without knowing its multiple advantages. This study was done to know the efficacy of medicinal plant named Azadirachta indica (Neem) against pathogenic microorganisms and about its utility as disinfectant and floor cleaner. METHODS Agar well diffusion method, Culture plate method, inoculum preparation & its subculture methods were used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the neem leaf extract. Different concentrations of neem leaf extracts in culture plates were used for the study. In this method inhibited zones were measured. RESULTS Neem leaf extracts showed considerable antimicrobial activity against four target pathogens. In agar well diffusion method it showed maximum antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Growth of inhibition was increased as the concentration of the neem extract in agar media increased and was maximum for Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS The extract of A. indica, has antimicrobial activity against target pathogens Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, and E.coli. With the old medicinal knowledge on neem, better economic and therapeutic utilization can be done by using modern approaches of drug development. KEY WORDS Neem Leaf extract, Antimicrobial Activity, Agar Well Diffusion Test, Zone of Inhibition

Comparative evaluation ofantimicrobial activity of herbal oils and their ability in disinfection of gutta percha cones - Aninvitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Dr.Mansi Rastogi ◽  
Dr. Prasannalatha Nadig ◽  
Dr.Jayalakshmi K B ◽  
Dr. Arul Selvan K ◽  
Dr. Sujatha I ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Peppermint Oil ◽  
Cinnamon Oil ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Micro Organisms

Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate antimicrobial activity of different herbal oils and their ability in disinfection of gutta percha cones. Material and methods: Antimicrobial activity of Lemon grass oil, Cinnamonoil, Peppermintoil and sodium hypochlorite (positive control) was evaluated using Agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and E. Faecalis. Sixty gutta percha cones were glove handled during ongoing routine endodontic procedures and then cut into two equal halves. First half of contaminated gutta percha cones were placed in brothand incubated and the other halves were treated with herbal oils and sodium hypochlorite for one minute and then incubated for 24hours to check for turbidity. Results: 1)For both tested micro-organisms, Cinnamon oil showed largest zones of inhibition (mean ± SD), 28.6 ± 1.18 mm, 30.8 ± 1.4 mm against E. faecalis, S. aureus. 2)Cinnamon oil is most effective in decontamination of GP cones in 1 minute, followed by NaOCl, Lemon grass oil and Peppermint oil. Conclusion: Cinnamon oil is a potent antimicrobial agent for rapid disinfection of GP cones in one minute and can be an alternative to sodium hypochlorite.

Comparing the Antimicrobial efficacy of Dentifrice containing Rosmarinus officinalis and Fluoride containing Dentifrice - An In vitro study

2021 ◽  
pp. 3651-3656
Author(s):  
Indumathy Pandiyan ◽  
Jayashri Prabakar ◽  
Meignana Arumugham Indiran ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu ◽  
Srisakthi Doraikannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dental Biofilm

Background: Dental biofilm is still a concern for dental professionals, given that it has been correlated with the aetiology of oral diseases. Herbal medicine or plant derived extracts are considered to be safer and exhibits less or no adverse effects in comparison with chemically synthesized medicines. Hence, herbal medicine and their extract can be used as an adjuvant in dental disease treatment. One among the various plant extract exhibiting antimicrobial activity against oral microorganisms is Rosemarinus officinalis is an aromatic plant belonging to lamiaceae family originating from Mediterranean region. Therefore the present study was designed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of Rosmarinus officinalis and Fluoride containing dentifrices against streptococcus aureus, Enterococcus Faecalis and Candida albicans. Materials and Method: Rosemary leaves were procured from the markets of South India and were powdered to prepare the aqueous and ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis. Both the extracts of Rosmarinus Officinalis and Fluoride containing dentifrice were subjected to antimicrobial analysis. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using Agar well diffusion method. The diameters of the zones of inhibited growth were measured to the nearest whole millimetre. Data was entered in Microsoft excel spread sheet and analysed using SPSS software (version 23). Descriptive statistics were expressed by means of percentage. Results: The antimicrobial activity of Ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis at 100 conc. showed zone of inhibition of 20mm, 22mm, 17mm against Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans respectively. Hence the Rosemary toothpaste had good antimicrobial property when compared to fluoride toothpaste. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that, rosemary containing dentifrice exhibited good antimicrobial properties when compared with fluoride dentifrice and it can be serve as an excellent replacement of several commercial available dentifrices.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Different Irrigating Solutions on Endodontic Pathogens - An In Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 789-792
Author(s):  
Suneeth Shetty ◽  
Sunil Tejaswi ◽  
Ambikathanya U.K. ◽  
Akanksha Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Endodontic Infection ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

BACKGROUND The key to a successful endodontic treatment is to ensure complete eradication of the infection present and to prevent reinfection. This depends on meticulous disinfection using intracanal irrigants. In dentistry the most commonly used irrigant is sodium hypochlorite which has the disadvantages of cytotoxicity and unpleasant taste. The extracts of neem have been used since ages for their medicinal values and used widely for health care. However, the potential use of such an agent for the success of endodontic procedures has not yet been investigated. Hence, if proved effective, such a natural agent will have a dominant hold against the chemical disinfectants in terms of biocompatibility and tissue response. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Q-MIX (2 in 1), 10 % neem (Azadirachta indica), and 2 % sodium hypochlorite on the growth and culture of Enterococcus faecalis and Mutant Streptococcus over a period of 4 weeks. METHODS This is a descriptive study conducted among samples collected from 30 healthy patients who were indicated for pulpectomy. The sample size was taken for convenience. Incisors of these individuals were selected on the basis that they had to undergo endodontic treatment due to primary endodontic infection. The zones of inhibition were measured by agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was done using independent T test & chi-square test. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that the mean zones of inhibition in this study were 20.54 mm, 9.65 mm and 4.54 mm for Q-MIX (2 in 1), 10 % neem and 2 % sodium hypochlorite. The significance was greater between Q-MIX (2 in 1) and the other two agents as the P-value was < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS The result indicated Q-MIX (2 in 1) is a more effective root canal irrigant when compared to 10 % neem and 2 % sodium hypochlorite. KEY WORDS Q-MIX (2 in 1), Azadirachta indica, Apical Periodontitis, Enterococcus faecalis

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