A Cross-Sectional Study on the Mental Health of Professionals Working from Home in Tamilnadu, India, during the Covid-19 Pandemic

BACKGROUND The Covid pandemic situation has brought drastic changes in workplace environments around the world with many organizations shifting to work from home (WFH) models. So, an online survey was conducted in India among professionals working from home to evaluate their mental health and determine as to how they were coping with working from home during this pandemic. METHODS An online survey was conducted with an invitation to professionals working from home to participate in the study. The survey questionnaire contained statements regarding their level of comfort in working from home and the statements from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS - 21) and the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ - II). A total of 912 responses were statistically analysed. RESULTS Results showed that 63.9 % of the participants were experiencing various levels of stress, with 8.6 % having severe levels of stress; while 62.9 % had some level of anxiety, 6.9 % of the participants had severe levels of anxiety. 31 % of the respondents had some level of depression while 1.2 % had levels indicative of severe depression. Only 40.5 % of the respondents reported being comfortable working from home and 55 % of the people reported they could not work without disturbances at home. The nature of job, age, gender and parental status all influenced the levels of stress, anxiety and depression while WFH. CONCLUSIONS People who are working from home are stressed, anxious and have various levels of depression as clearly evidenced in this study. KEY WORDS Working from Home, Covid 19 Pandemic, Stress, Anxiety and Depression, Experiential Avoidance

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Gender-based approach on the social impact and mental health in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. e044617

Author(s):

Constanza Jacques-Aviñó ◽

Tomàs López-Jiménez ◽

Laura Medina-Perucha ◽

Jeroen de Bont ◽

Alessandra Queiroga Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Online Survey ◽

Social Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

The Social ◽

Gender Based

ObjectiveLockdown has impacts on people’s living conditions and mental health. The study aims to assess the relations between social impact and mental health among adults living in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown measures, taking a gender-based approach into account.Design, setting and participantsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among adults living in Spain during the lockdown of COVID-19 with an online survey from 8 April to 28 May 2020. The main variable was mental health measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale for anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. Sex-stratified multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between social impact variables, anxiety and depression.ResultsA total of 7053 people completed this survey. A total of 31.2% of women and 17.7% of men reported anxiety. Depression levels were reported in 28.5% of women and 16.7% of men. A higher proportion of anxiety and depression levels was found in the younger population (18–35 years), especially in women. Poorer mental health was mainly related to fear of COVID-19 infection, with higher anxiety levels especially in women (adjusted ordinal OR (aOR): 4.23, 95% CI 3.68 to 4.87) and worsened economy with higher levels of depression in women (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.84), and perceived inadequate housing to cope with lockdown was especially associated with anxiety in men (aOR: 2.53, 95% CI 1.93 to 3.44).ConclusionThe social impact of the lockdown is related to gender, age and socioeconomic conditions. Women and young people had worse mental health outcomes during lockdown. It is urgent to establish strategies for public health emergencies that include mental health and its determinants, taking a gender-based approach into account, in order to reduce health inequities.

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Prevalence of anxiety and depression during COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare students in Jordan and its effect on their learning process: A national survey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249716 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0249716

Author(s):

Iman A. Basheti ◽

Qassim N. Mhaidat ◽

Hala N. Mhaidat

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Learning Process ◽

Online Survey ◽

Family Income ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Students ◽

Anxiety Depression

Rational During pandemics, including the most recent COVID-19 pandemic, the mental health of university healthcare students’ is expected to be affected negatively, impacting the students’ learning process. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the level of anxiety and depression of healthcare students living in Jordan, and the effect on their learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey completed by students studying a healthcare-oriented degree in a university in Jordan. Participants were recruited through social media (Facebook and WhatsApp). The validated previously published Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire was used as a part of the online survey to assess students’ anxiety/depression scores. Students’ responses regarding their learning process during the COVID-19 was also assessed. Results The mean age of participants was 21.62 (SD = 4.90), with the majority being females (67.1%). The HADs’ assessment revealed that 43.8% and 40.0% of participants had normal anxiety and depression scores, while 22.4% showed borderline abnormal anxiety/depression scores (33.8%). Many students (33.8%) were classified to have abnormal anxiety scores, while a smaller proportion (26.2%) was classified to have abnormal depression scores. Smoking (p = 0.022), lower family income (p = 0.039), and use of medications (p = 0.032) were positively associated with higher (worse) anxiety scores. Ranking the learning process during COVID-19 showed that 45.8% of the participants believed it was a ‘good/very good/excellent’ process. Conclusions Anxiety and depression levels amongst university healthcare students in Jordan were found to be high when assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the learning process during the pandemic was not accepted by more than half of the students. Implementing psychological interventions for healthcare students during pandemics is strongly recommended in order to optimize students’ mental health and their learning process alike.

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Depression, Anxiety and Depression-anxiety comorbidity amid COVID-19 Pandemic: An online survey conducted during lockdown in Nepal

10.1101/2020.04.30.20086926 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anil Sigdel ◽

Anu Bista ◽

Navaraj Bhattarai ◽

Bimal Chandra Pun ◽

Govind Giri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Population ◽

Online Survey ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Wellbeing ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Co Morbidity

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health status during the lockdown period. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety comorbidity, and associated factors during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nepal.MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Nepal. Data was collected from April 9 to April 16, 2020 using an e-questionnaire which was shared through different popular social media. A total of 349 participants were included. Self-reported depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety tools respectively. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with depression, anxiety and depression and anxiety co-morbidity.ResultsThe prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety co-morbidity were found to be 34.0%, 31.0% and 23.2% respectively. The multi-variate analysis showed that females, those living alone, health professionals and those who spent more time in accessing information about COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety co-morbidity.ConclusionsHigh rates of depression and anxiety and co-morbidity were found to be prevailing among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nepal. The results suggest that only the scientific, but contextually appropriate messages about the disease should be disseminated to reduce unnecessary fears and anxiety. Awareness interventions to promote mental wellbeing need to be integrated into the response interventions. Community mental health care should be made accessible to at-risk groups.

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Psychological distress among the people during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.35616 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aruna Jothishanmugam ◽

Amani Mohamed ◽

Hawa Ibrahim Abd Alla Hamid ◽

Soad Mohamed Abdalla Alnassry ◽

Wafa Abdein Humza Bashir

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Online Education ◽

Online Survey ◽

Initial Period ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Rating ◽

Work From Home ◽

The People

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 epidemic has had a major impact on mental health in the general population. As a result, during a pandemic, monitoring and oversight of the population's mental health is a top responsibility. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examines the anxiety level of the people during initial period of COVID-19. METHODS The cross sectional online survey was done using the zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and zung self-rating depression scale. Out of 250 responders, 19.2%, 6.4%, and 0.8% experienced mild, moderate, marked to severe levels of anxiety RESULTS According to analysis, female (OR=1.3,95% CI=0.55 – 3.3,P=0.524), above the age of 59 years(OR=1.6,CI=(0.33 – 7.72),P=0.555), were experiencing moderate level of anxiety when compared with others. Related to depression, 36.4%,16.4% and 5.2% experienced mild, moderate ,marked to severe levels of depression. The findings show that female (OR=0.79,95%,CI=0.36–1.7,P=0.of0.845),above the age of 59 years(OR=4.4,CI=0.75 – 25.8,P=0.101)were experiencing marked level of depression than others. CONCLUSIONS The main causes for anxiety and depression among the people is due to financial constraints, dual role of women, work from home, fear of infection, unemployment and online education.

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Media consumption and mental health during COVID-19 lockdown: a UK cross-sectional study across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s10389-021-01506-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ruth D Neill ◽

Carolyn Blair ◽

Paul Best ◽

Emily McGlinchey ◽

Cherie Armour

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Media Exposure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Future Research ◽

Media Consumption ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Longitudinal Data Collection

Abstract Aim As individuals adjust to new ‘norms’ and ways of living during the COVID-19 lockdown, there is a continuing need for up-to-date information and guidance. Evidence suggests that frequent media exposure is related to a higher prevalence of mental health problems, especially anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether COVID-19 related media consumption is associated with changes in mental health outcomes. Methods This paper presents baseline data from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study. The cross-sectional study data was collected using an online survey following the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with some other basic information collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the influence of socio-demographic and media specific factors on anxiety and depression. Results The study suggested that media usage is statistically significantly associated with anxiety and depression on the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales with excessive media exposure related to higher anxiety and depression scores. Conclusion This study indicated that higher media consumption was associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression. Worldwide it should be acknowledged that excessive media consumption, particularly social media relating to COVID-19, can have an effect on mental health. However, as this was a cross-sectional study we cannot infer any directionality as we cannot infer cause and effect; therefore, future research involving longitudinal data collection and analyses of variables over time is warranted.

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Mental Health of COVID-19 Patients—A Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094758 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4758

Author(s):

Hasan Saeed Alamri ◽

Wesam F. Mousa ◽

Abdullah Algarni ◽

Shehata F. Megahid ◽

Ali Al Bshabshe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Personal Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work Related ◽

Patients Experience ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: This study aims to investigate the mental health of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out targeting confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. Due to travel and time constraints as well as the accessibility of patients, cases were included from East Jeddah Hospital, King Abdulaziz Hospital, and the Oncology Center in Jeddah. The data were collected using a predesigned self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed COVID-19 cases, personal data, medical history, smoking, traveling abroad, and work-related conditions. Additionally, data regarding contact level with COVID-19 cases were considered. The mental health statuses of the patients were assessed using a validated Arabic version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale. The study included 261 COVID-19 patients whose ages ranged from 18 to 65 years. Results: The survey findings revealed that 13% of COVID-19 patients had a borderline level of anxiety, 26.8% were considered anxiety cases, while 60.2% were normal. The findings also revealed that 29.9% had a borderline level of depression, 18.4% were considered depression cases, while 51.7% were normal. Conclusions: This study concluded that COVID-19 patients experience anxiety and depression, and as the COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread, the results of the study are particularly useful in developing a strategy to psychologically support COVID-19 patients.

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Public Concerns during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Multicultural Cross-Sectional Study among Internet Survey Respondents in Three Countries

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10081577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1577

Author(s):

Alona Emodi-Perlman ◽

Ilana Eli ◽

Nir Uziel ◽

Joanna Smardz ◽

Anahat Khehra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Online Survey ◽

Middle Eastern ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Internet Survey ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Culturally Different ◽

Patient Health

(1) Background: this study aimed to evaluate the worries, anxiety, and depression in the public during the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown in three culturally different groups of internet survey respondents: Middle Eastern (Israel), European (Poland), and North American (Canada). (2) Methods: a cross-sectional online survey was conducted in the mentioned countries during the lockdown periods. The survey included a demographic questionnaire, a questionnaire on personal concerns, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). A total of 2207 people successfully completed the survey. (3) Results: Polish respondents were the most concerned about being infected. Canadian respondents worried the most about their finances, relations with relatives and friends, and both physical and mental health. Polish respondents worried the least about their physical health, and Israeli respondents worried the least about their mental health and relations with relatives and friends. Canadian respondents obtained the highest score in the PHQ-4, while the scores of Israeli respondents were the lowest. (4) Conclusions: various factors should be considered while formulating appropriate solutions in emergency circumstances such as a pandemic. Understanding these factors will aid in the development of strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of stress, social isolation, and uncertainty on the well-being and mental health of culturally different societies.

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Workplace mental health: Current practice and support needs of Ontario occupational therapists

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/0008417418822491 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 408-417

Author(s):

Sandra E. Moll ◽

Caitlin M. Heino ◽

Alison H. LeBlanc ◽

Lydia B. Beck ◽

Laura M. Kalef

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Occupational Therapy ◽

Online Survey ◽

Occupational Therapists ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Support Needs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Services ◽

Work Related ◽

Workplace Mental Health

Background. Workplace mental health (WMH) is an important and expanding practice area for occupational therapists. Purpose. This cross-sectional study explores the current practices and support needs of Ontario-based occupational therapists in WMH. Method. Registrants from the provincial association who provide mental health and/or work-related services were invited to participate. Ninety-three therapists completed an online survey; 10 participated in follow-up focus groups. Analysis involved descriptive statistics of the survey data and content analysis of the focus group data. Findings. Return to work, reactivation, and functional cognitive assessment were the most commonly reported services. Key challenges were limited funding and training and lack of awareness of the occupational therapy role. Therapists emphasized the importance of raising the competence, credibility, and profile of occupational therapy in WMH. Implications. Defining the role of occupational therapy, developing training and resources, and advocacy are needed to advance occupational therapy practice within this rapidly changing field.

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Mexican pregnant women show higher depression and anxiety with rising age and in the case of being single

Acta medica Lituanica ◽

10.6001/actamedica.v26i4.4208 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 227-236

Author(s):

Irma Visoso Salgado ◽

Jayson Leonel Moncada Mendoza ◽

Hugo Mendieta Zerón

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychology Service ◽

First Time ◽

Severe Anxiety

Background. Pregnancy is an important predisposition period to develop anxiety and depression, with a direct impact on the woman’s offspring. The aim of this study was to report the correlation between depression and anxiety in pregnant women and its association with the marital status and age. Materials. A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient care of the Psychology Service at the “Mónica Pretelini Sáenz” Maternal Perinatal Hospital (HMPMPS), Toluca, Mexico, from June 2012 to March 2019. As routine, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), were applied to all women seeking attention at the HMPMPS. Only pregnant patients were selected for this study, with the women referred for the first time to the external Psychology Clinic as inclusion criteria. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the frequency of cases for age, BDI-II, and BAIT were obtained using the IBM SPSS Statistics ® v.23 software. Results. The study included 2947 pregnant patients with a mean age of 28.6 ± 6.9 years. Of these, 2616 (88.8%) presented with mild anxiety, 269 (9.1%) with moderate, and 62 (2.1%) with severe anxiety. On the other hand, 2149 (72.9%) patients presented with minimal depression, 341 (11.6%) mild depression, 268 (9.1%) moderate depression, and 189 (6.4%) had severe depression. The correlations between age and BDI-II was –0.026 (P = 0.152), between age and BAI was –0.038 (P = 0.037), and between BAIT and BDI-II 0.650 (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions. The age group with the highest frequency of depression and anxiety was from 20 to 29 years. The absence of a stable partner represented an important risk factor for anxiety and depression during pregnancy.

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DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN CORRELATION TO BODY AREAS INVOLVED IN PATIENTS OF BURNS

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i3.4088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 734-38

Author(s):

Ghazanfar Ali ◽

Sikander Ali Khan ◽

Muzzafar Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Sheraz Afzal Malik ◽

Danish Almas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

International Classification Of Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Classification Of Diseases ◽

Burns Unit

Objective: To evaluate the severity of depression and anxiety among patients of burns and correlate depression and anxiety with areas of body involved in burns. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The departments of Psychiatry and department of Plastic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Oct 2019 to Mar 2020. Methodology: Through consecutive sampling, 56 patients of burns reporting to burns unit were assessed for anxiety and/ or depression based on the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases version 10. Symptom severity was assessed using Beck Depressive Inventory for depression and Beck Anxiety Inventory for anxiety. Descriptive statistics like mean with standard deviation was calculated for age. Frequency along with percentages was calculated for sociodemographic variables, Anxiety and depression. Results: Depression was present among 30 (53%) of participants out of which 16 (53.5%) had mild, 11 (37.9%) had moderate while only 3 (12.5%) had severe depression. Anxiety was seen among 50 (89%) of participants out of which sixteen (32.1%) had mild, 26 (51.7%) had moderate while 8 (16%) had severe anxiety. Significant correlation existed among the major area involved in burn with both anxiety and depression (p<0.01). Conclusion: There is a very high prevalence of anxiety and depression among patients of burn. Significant positive correlation existed between the level of anxiety and the areas involved in burns.

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