scholarly journals A lean termelési rendszer munkásokra gyakorolt hatása (Effects of lean production on quality of working life from workers’ point of view)

2011 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Dávid Losonci
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Positive Effects

A lean termelési rendszer munkásokra gyakorolt hatásaival foglalkozó irodalomban nincsen egyetértés annak megítélésében, hogy a hatásokban a negatív vagy pozitív hatások dominálnak-e. A szerző tanulmánya ehhez a vitához a pszichológiai, egészségügyi, munkahelyi jellemzőkre és a dolgozói elégedettségre vonatkozó eredmények áttekintésével kapcsolódik. A munkások elégedettségének vizsgálata arra utal, hogy a lean termelési rendszer egyszerre növeli és csökkenti is az elégedettséget, így az összességében nem változik más termelési rendszerekhez képest. A lean termelés kritikusai azt hangsúlyozzák, hogy a többi tényező negatívan hat a munkásokra. Megállapításaik megalapozottsága a nagyon kevés empirikus munka miatt megkérdőjelezhető. Ugyanakkor a tevékenységmenedzsment kutatói érdemben nem tudják cáfolni a stressz, a sérülések és betegségek kockázatának növekedését és a munka intenzívebbé válását. A negatív hatások és a várt pozitív hatások hiányának kiemelése felveti, hogy a munkavállalók bevonásán alapuló lean termelési rendszer nehezen ültethető át a gyakorlatba, illetve hogy a lean termelés intenzifikáción alapuló modellje is elterjedt. _____________ This literature review contributes to the debate related to the effects of lean production on workers. The study reviews different dimensions of the debate and focuses on issues like worker’s satisfaction, psychological effects, health and safety aspects, and workplace characteristics. Findings of researches reviewed in this paper cannot confirm that from workers’ point of view lean production is better than other production initiatives. Lean production enhances and decreases worker’s satisfaction at the same time, altogether, the satisfaction of workers does not change significantly compared to other systems. The negative impact of the other factors (psychological etc.) on workers is usually emphasized in the critique of lean production. Although, the limited number of (empirical) studies doubts these critical voices. However, Operations Management can not reject negative effects like increasing level of stress, increased risks of health and safety problems or intensification of work. The emphasis of the negative effects and the lack of positive effects can refer to the difficult employment of lean involvement system, or simply reflect that the model of lean intensification system is widely spread.

scholarly journals Determinants of Corporate Anti-Corruption Disclosure: The Case of the Emerging Economics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3462
Author(s):  
Maider Aldaz Odriozola ◽  
Igor Álvarez Etxeberria
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Corruption is a key factor that affects countries’ development, with emerging countries being a geographical area in which it tends to generate greater negative effects. However, few empirical studies analyze corruption from the point of view of disclosure by companies in this relevant geographical area. Based on a regression analysis using data from the 96 large companies from 15 emerging countries included in the 2016 International Transparency Report, this paper seeks to understand what determinants affect such disclosure. In that context, this paper provides empirical evidence to understand the factors that influence reporting on anti-corruption mechanisms in an area of high economic importance that has been little studied to date, pointing to the positive effect of press freedom in a country where the company is located and with the industry being the unique control variable that strengthens this relationship.

scholarly journals Lower Limb Kinematics in Individuals with Hip Osteoarthritis during Gait: A Focus on Adaptative Strategies and Interlimb Symmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Micaela Porta ◽  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
Bruno Leban ◽  
Michela Deidda ◽  
Marco Sorrentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Hip Osteoarthritis ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Limb Kinematics

Among the functional limitations associated with hip osteoarthritis (OA), the alteration of gait capabilities represents one of the most invalidating as it may seriously compromise the quality of life of the affected individual. The use of quantitative techniques for human movement analysis has been found valuable in providing accurate and objective measures of kinematics and kinetics of gait in individuals with hip OA, but few studies have reported in-depth analyses of lower limb joint kinematics during gait and, in particular, there is a scarcity of data on interlimb symmetry. Such aspects were investigated in the present study which tested 11 individuals with hip OA (mean age 68.3 years) and 11 healthy controls age- and sex-matched, using 3D computerized gait analysis to perform point-by-point comparisons of the joint angle trends of hip, knee, and ankle. Angle-angle diagrams (cyclograms) were also built to compute several parameters (i.e., cyclogram area and orientation and Trend Symmetry) from which to assess the degree of interlimb symmetry. The results show that individuals with hip OA exhibit peculiar gait patterns characterized by severe modifications of the physiologic trend at hip level even in the unaffected limb (especially during the stance phase), as well as minor (although significant) alterations at knee and ankle level. The symmetry analysis also revealed that the effect of the disease in terms of interlimb coordination is present at knee joint as well as hip, while the ankle joint appears relatively preserved from specific negative effects from this point of view. The availability of data on such kinematic adaptations may be useful in supporting the design of specific rehabilitative strategies during both preoperative and postoperative periods.

The Impact of Ceta Programs on Components of Participants' Earnings

ILR Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine P. Dickinson ◽  
Terry R. Johnson ◽  
Richard W. West
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Hourly Wage Rate ◽  
Women's Earnings ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides the first estimates of the net impact of CETA participation on the components of CETA participants' post-program earnings. Employing a sample of 1975 CETA enrollees and comparison groups drawn from the March 1978 CPS using a nearest-neighbor matching technique, the authors estimate statistically significant negative effects on men's earnings and statistically significant positive effects on women's earnings. These results stem partly from the impact of CETA participation on the likelihood of being employed after leaving the program (negative for men, positive for women), but also from a negative impact on hours worked during the year and hourly wage rate for men and a large positive impact on hours worked per week and weeks worked per year for women.

scholarly journals Towards a sustainable approach to wastewater treatment strategy for eutrophication abatement

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Neverova-Dziopak
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Eutrophication is one of the consequences of the negative anthropogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems. It leads to the degradation of both sweet and marine ecosystems, constituting a kind of secondary pollution of waters, which disturbs all types of their use. Undertakings related to preventing the negative effects of eutrophication are mainly conducted towards reducing the loads of nutrients introduced into surface waters and controlling the entire conditions in aquatic ecosystems in order to limit the development of aquatic vegetation. The increasingly restrictive legal requirement regarding the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater discharged into recipients enforces the application of expensive treatment technologies, and the public is becoming more aware of the rising costs of water and wastewater fees. In addition, wastewater treatment is a factor which has a negative impact on air quality due to greenhouse gas emissions and generates other environmental problems. The challenge for facilities, however, is determining which treatment alternatives will best meet their needs, both technically and financially, and to choose the most sustainable path. The problem of establishing a reasonable level of nutrient removal from wastewater, justified from an ecological and economic point of view is discussed in the paper.

THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE SLOVAK SMEs FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE PERIOD OF QUALITATIVE ECONOMIC CHANGES

2020 ◽  
Vol Vol. 36 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Katarina Haviernikova ◽  
Janka Betakova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Wide Range

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developed countries represent an important part of their economic environment. They belong to accelerators of economic development in regions and countries. One of the specifications of SMEs is that they allow people to learn to use their own entrepreneurial skills. Thus, the success of SMEs depends on the skills of the person who is responsible for business management in the enterprise. Without skilled and competent managers no activity will be performed effectively. The development and changes in the economic environment, in which SMEs operate, cause the various reversals connected with uncertainty and the resulting risks. A competent person (owner/manager) in SME will need to anticipate these risks and develop appropriate mitigation and strategies for them. The owner/manager of SME should consider the fact, that there could be deviations in the realization process against the planned goal. This deviation presents the risk and the representative of SME should know, how it is possible to manage this risk. It means to reduce its negative impact. The lack of knowledge is a fundamental problem in the failure of most initiatives in the SMEs and the lack of experience can become a major risk to business survival. The goal of owners/managers in SMEs should be to reduce the possible errors and risks in that way that the SME gets into a situation in which it can anticipate changes, and it is able to respond to them and exploit them to their advantage. Each SME is unique and the risk may occur differently in comparison with other SMEs. Risk management and mitigation of risk are important to ensure the security of the company and its continuous development. The risk management in SMEs is perceived as a means of the improvement of SMEs’ success in their activities, due to the fact, that in most cases the unpredictable situations represent a serious loss-making exposure for the SMEs business sector which leads to the loss. For those SMEs whose capital base is insufficient, they can have catastrophic consequences in the case of realized activities, and they can lead to financial losses and subsequently to possible bankruptcy. For this reason, risk management is a prerequisite for minimization of the negative effects of unexpected situations. Still, a lot of SMEs rarely carry out process-related activities risk management. It is affected by limited resources (financial, human), which SMEs have, and which process risk management. There is a wide range of studies focused on risk management in SMEs, but only several of them are focused currently on the responsibility for risk management. This paper contributes to the dissemination of knowledge about the responsibility for risk management in SMEs and provides wider analysis in ways of responsibility for it. To reach the main of the paper, questionnaire surveys among 1018 Slovak SMEs were conducted. We compared the responsibility for risk management in SMEs between two groups of SMEs – technological and tourism from the point of view of sized category, and regional of SMEs. For the evaluation of differences and dependencies among three groups of respondents’ answers, according to their size category, economic branch in which they operate, and regional location, the Chi-square test was used. The associations among respondents’ answers were evaluated through Cramer’s V. The results showed the differences in responsibility for risk management among Slovak SMEs. The results of this study may provide implications for subsequent research focused on responsibility for risk management in the wider context.

Use of Assistive Technology to Empower Persons with Intellectual Disabilities

2016 ◽  
pp. 331-345
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safety Communication ◽  
New Learning ◽  
Home Living

This chapter focuses on the use of assistive technology in persons with Intellectual Disabilities (IDs). Persons with IDs have significant limitations, both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behaviors. The use of assistive technology is essential to help persons with IDs and make them independent in all spheres of life. Assistive technology devices and services can be used to teach, train, rehabilitate, and empower persons in a variety of daily activities viz. new learning, home living, employment, health and safety, communication, social activities, protection and leisure. Empirical studies suggest that assistive technology is effective in improving the quality of life of persons with IDs and make them less dependent on others. This chapter investigates the available research evidence on the use of assistive technology in IDs, discusses utilizations, impediments/barriers, implications and suggests recommendations for future research.

E-Government in Slovene Municipalities

2009 ◽  
pp. 163-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jukic ◽  
Mateja Kunstelj ◽  
Mitja Decman ◽  
Mirko Vintar
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past

In this chapter, 3 main aspects of municipal e-government in Slovenia are investigated thoroughly: supply, demand, and the view of municipal officials. After the review of studies in the field, the results of 3 empirical studies are presented. While the supply-side aspect of municipal e-government has been investigated within several studies, the view of external (citizens) and internal (municipal officials) users of municipal e-government have been rather neglected in the past, and the same is true for effects measured in this field. This chapter fills these gaps. The results revealed that municipal Web supply is poor, which is reflected in citizens’ satisfaction as well. Surprisingly, municipal officials are not well aware of possibilities e-government offers to them and to their customers. In addition, they believe that positive effects brought about the introduction of e-government are not significant, while among negative effects larger range of tasks, heavier workload, and increased complexity of tasks are stressed. At the end of the chapter key findings are summarized.

From welfare to wealth creation

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Verma Gakhar ◽  
Abhijit Phukon
Keyword(s):  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review several influential empirical studies that examine the performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The paper undertakes a citation analysis of journals, authors and titles in the area of privatization and firm performance in general, and assesses the impact of privatization on the performance of SOEs in particular. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on a systematic and structured review of over 100 papers published in economics, public management, business strategy and related social sciences. The systematic review is based on citation analysis of journals, authors and titles. The journal and author citation counts were tabulated by leveraging the databases of SCImago Journal Rankings and Google Scholar and filtered it to find out the most highly cited journals and authors. The structured review is based on the framing opinion with respect to major findings, variables selected, measurement techniques and statistical tools applied by different researchers. The impact is measured through coding a value “P” in case of positive effects, “N” in case of negative effects and “NT” in case the study found both positive and negative effects. Findings The citation analysis reveals that American Economic Review, Journal of Financial Economics, Review of Financial Studies and Journal of Finance as the top-cited journals, and Megginson and Netter (3,468), Megginson et al. (1,737), Djankov and Murrell (1,356), Boardman and Vining (1,320), Balsam et al. (1,094) and DeWenter and Malatesta (1,018) as the top-cited authors in this particular research field. While majority research studies have revealed a significant improvement in the performance of SOEs in the post-privatization period, few studies have reserved their impact as neutral or even negative in some respects. Originality/value Given that economic transitions, corporate governance, and performance of SOEs have attracted a great attention from public management and business strategy scholars in recent years, this paper aims to summarize a large number of empirical studies that examine the performance of SOEs. The paper would be useful to future researchers especially the beginners and early career researchers in terms of its current trends, selection of variables, measurement techniques and statistical tools applied.

scholarly journals Biogas Upgrading Approaches with Special Focus on Siloxane Removal—A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6088
Author(s):  
Pardon Nyamukamba ◽  
Patrick Mukumba ◽  
Evernice Shelter Chikukwa ◽  
Golden Makaka
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Biogas Upgrading ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Trace Compounds ◽  
End Use

Biogas, a product of anaerobic digestion process that consists mainly of methane and carbon dioxide is a suitable alternative fuel if unwanted impurities are removed as they have a negative impact on the equipment. The most significant technologically troublesome trace compounds that must be removed are siloxanes since they are converted into silica on gas surface engines and turbines resulting in equipment damage. The quality of the gas is certainly improved by reducing the amount of impurities and the end use determines the extent of biogas cleaning needed. The major aim of this study was to compile information that can assist researchers or even designers in selecting a suitable technology to remove siloxanes. Siloxane removal definitely can be achieved using different methods and the effectiveness of each method relies on careful consideration of the characteristics of both biogas and siloxane, as well as the technological aspects of the method. Herein, we review on different cleaning techniques for siloxanes in raw biogas, the negative effects they have, their levels and technologies to reduce their concentrations. This review also incorporates the sources of the siloxanes, the progress to date on their removal and possible ways of regenerating adsorbents. The reviewed literature suggests that biogas upgrading technology should be promoted and encouraged especially in siloxane removal as it has detrimental effects on engines. The parameters and effectiveness of adsorption processes are discussed, and individual adsorbents are compared.

Quality of working life and engagement in hostels

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiia Annika Wahlberg ◽  
Nelson Ramalho ◽  
Ana Brochado
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Employee Voice ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hostels’ competitiveness relies heavily on unique and genuine service and, thus, counts on employees actively creating a social, welcoming environment and, at the same time, caring about – and being loyal to – their hostel. This paper aims to investigate whether retaining employees who care about their hostel and refrain from destructive behaviours implies that these workers need to have a better quality of working life, as well as whether work engagement mediates this relationship. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted with 98 employees from 40 hostels in Lisbon. An analysis of the survey data was performed to test the research hypotheses. The model was estimated by means of partial least squares structural equation modelling. Findings The results reveal that quality of working life has a strong negative impact on employees’ exit behaviours and a positive effect on their loyalty. In addition, work engagement was found to mediate fully the relationship between quality of working life and both employee voice and neglect, as well as partially mediating exit intentions. Originality/value This study extended prior research in two ways. First, most theoretical and empirical studies in the hospitality and tourism industry have focused on hotels, so this research targeted a new context (i.e. hostels). Second, this study offers a clear indication of the relationship between employees’ quality of working life, work engagement and behaviours, thus offering valuable insights for management and hostel staff.

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