scholarly journals Awareness of Emerging Glanders in Horses in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Susan Maphilindawati Noor
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Burkholderia Mallei ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Healthy Animal ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance

Glanders is a zoonotic disease that is highly contagious in animals and humans, caused by Burkholderia mallei. The clinical manifestations of glanders in horses are in the form of lesions on skin, nose and lungs. Horses play a role in transmitting glanders to healthy animal populations around them due to latent infections. Infection of glanders in humans is acute causing respiratory failure and could be fatal without proper treatment. Recently re-emerging glanders is reported in several countries that have eradicated diseases such as in India, Germany and China. The status of glanders in Indonesia is declared free, but surveillance showed positive antibodies to B. mallei in horses, as had been reported in 1939 and in 2018 in Jakarta. Glanders has a negative impact on a country's economy resulting in restrictions on international trade. Prevention of emerging glanders to Indonesia needs to be alerted because there is no effective treatment, no vaccines available for prevention and causing negative economic impacts. This paper aims to discuss glanders in horses, countermeasures through monitoring and surveillance, early detection in order to increase awareness of emerging glanders in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Increased levels of pentraxins protein and cytokines bear good association in patients with severe dengue infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goutam Patra ◽  
Bibhuti Saha ◽  
Sumi Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractDengue is an arboviral infection with high rates of morbidity and mortality throughout the tropics and sub-tropics. This work studied the status of pentraxin (CRP/SAP) protein, ferritin, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in Dengue patients of different pathophysiological manifestations. Accordingly, clinically confirmed Dengue cases (n = 97) were enrolled and subsequently blood parameters were studied by Haematology cell counter and Biochemistry Autoanalyser. CRP, SAP, ferritin, TNF-α and IL-1β ELISA were done in all the samples by using standard ELISA kits. Statistical Analysis was done in all the experiments. The levels of CRP (p < 0.0001), SAP (p < 0.0001), ferritin (p < 0.0001), TNF-α (p < 0.0001) and IL-1β (p < 0.0001) were high in patients with Severe Dengue as compared to Dengue without warning signs. High levels of SGOT, SGPT and decreased platelet counts were found in severe patients as compared to Healthy donor. CRP/SAP as well as TNF-α/IL-1β were independently associated with both dengue severity and overall disease manifestation. Statistically significant increased CRP, SAP, ferritin, TNF-α and IL-1β titres were correlated in patients with severe clinical manifestations as compared to mild disease forms of dengue. Elevated levels of pentraxin, TNF-α/IL-1β in blood during dengue infection could act as an early predictor in Severe Dengue infection.

scholarly journals Efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide in neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension: the Japanese experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Suzuki ◽  
Hajime Togari ◽  
Jim L. Potenziano ◽  
Michael D. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Inhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

AbstractObjective:To analyze data from a registry of Japanese neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) to compare the effectiveness of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in neonates born <34 weeks vs. ≥34 weeks gestational age (GA).Materials and methods:iNO was administered according to approved Japanese product labeling. Study data were collected before iNO administration and at predefined intervals until discontinuation.Results:A total of 1,114 neonates were included (n=431, <34 weeks GA; n=675, ≥34 weeks GA; n=8, missing age data). Mean decrease from baseline oxygenation index (OI) was similar in both age groups. OI reduction was more pronounced in the <34 weeks subgroups with baseline OI ≥25. Survival rates were similar in the <34 weeks GA and ≥34 weeks GA groups stratified by baseline OI (OI<15, 89% vs. 93%; 15≤OI<25, 85% vs. 91%; 25≤OI≤40, 73% vs. 79%; OI>40, 64% vs. 66%).Conclusion:iNO improved oxygenation in preterm neonates as effectively as in late preterm and term neonates, without negative impact on survival. If clinically significant PH is present, as measured by pulse oximetry or echocardiography, a therapeutic trial of iNO might be indicated for preterm neonates.

POSSIBLE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES FOR NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WHO SUFFERED COVID-19 DURING PREGNANCY

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Tamara G. Denisova ◽  
Adelina I. Sergeeva ◽  
Alexandra S. Grigorieva ◽  
Enje E. Rechapova ◽  
Ivan I. Sergeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

According to the WHO statement dated March 11, 2020, the coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 has reached the scale of a pandemic and is currently a world health problem. A special group of the population that requires increased attention is pregnant women due to the fact that pneumonia occupies the third place in the structure of indirect causes of maternal mortality. Pregnant women whose immune system has changed appeared to be at an increased risk of infection. Pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of a more severe course of acute respiratory viral diseases and influenza. To date, the issue of intrauterine transmission of coronavirus disease remains completely unexplored, which causes fear among pregnant women for the future generation. Addition of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 has a negative impact on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, the health of newborns, especially in patients with a burdened obstetric history. Pregnancy itself and childbirth do not affect the course of COVID-19, but the infection addition can complicate the course of gestation, causing respiratory distress syndrome, premature birth and spontaneous miscarriages, congenital pneumonia and antenatal death of newborns born from covid-positive mothers. The literature published from December 1, 2019 to July 30, 2021 was searched in several databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and the WHO COVID-19 database, of which 52 articles were selected for detailed consideration. The relevant literature was searched to understand the issues of infection transmission to newborns from infected mothers and the clinical manifestations of the disease in the former. As a result, it was found that newborns can become infected with SARS-Cov-2 in close contact with infected patients or asymptomatic virus carriers. However, based on the data of modern literature, it is impossible to unequivocally answer the questions posed, more facts are needed to solve the problem. The practical significance of the work is that the results of the study should be used for further studying the consequences of COVID-19 for the health of newborn children.

scholarly journals Chronic back pain and mental disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2S) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
B. A. Volel ◽  
D. S. Petelin ◽  
D. O. Rozhkov
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Somatoform Disorder ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Post Traumatic

Chronic back pain is a significant biomedical problem due to its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life and socioeconomic indicators. Mental disorders play a substantial role in the genesis of chronic pain. This review discusses the issues of back pain comorbid with depressive, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatoform disorder. It also considers the features of the clinical manifestations of pain associated with mental disorders. There are data on the neurobiological relationship between pain and mental disorders and on the personality traits of patients with chronic back pain.

scholarly journals A study about Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) regarding worm infestation among the caregivers of children aged between 5 – 12 years in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1818-1820
Author(s):  
Jagadeesan M ◽  
Mariraj I ◽  
Prasanna Karthik S ◽  
Kannan R ◽  
Nivaas M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Nail Biting ◽  
Worm Infestation ◽  
Prophylactic Measures

Worm infection is a public health problem, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries as it has a negative impact on the child’s development. Proper sanitation and personnel hygiene have to be emphasized and monitored to overcome the nutritional deprivement in children. The study is done to evaluate the knowledge and attitude about worm infestation and to assess the deworming practices employed among the caregivers of children aged between 5 – 12 years attending a tertiary care hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 206 caregivers of pediatric age group after obtaining proper informed consent. The KAP parameters were assessed using a pretested structured questionnaire, and the results were analyzed. Out of 206 caregivers, 61% were mothers, 37% were fathers. Their mean age was 30 years. 41% belong to class III socioeconomic status. 23% were reported to play in the mud, 17% nail-biting and 6% keeping objects in mouth.12% Had open-air defecation practice, which is quite alarming in a developing country.67% were found to have the knowledge and 33% lacked the knowledge about worm infestation. Knowledge was directly proportional to the socioeconomic class. 88% were aware that worm infestation would cause clinical manifestations. 85% preferred allopathy medicines, while 15% preferred homemade remedy. 68% didn’t practice any prophylactic measures, where in 21% of the caregivers dewormed their kid once in 6 months and 11% once a year. The study provides information that most of the caregivers had a good knowledge regarding deworming but failed in practicing necessary measures to control and prevent it. Health education, frequent monitoring, and conducting interventional programs among parents and caregivers would be vital so that the prevalence of the disease can be minimized.

scholarly journals Prevention and correction of radiation dermatitis with basic skin care: doctor and patient consensus

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
D. A. Khlanta ◽  
D. S. Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Radiation Dermatitis ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Post Radiation

External beam radiation therapy is widely used by doctors around the world as one of the most common form of cancer treatment. The radiotherapy can help reduce the treatment aggression as compared with the surgical intervention in a large number of clinical situations, which ensures that the patient's quality of life will be decreased to a lesser extent in the after-treatment period. However, like the vast majority of anticancer treatments, the radiation therapy has a number of side effects, which are classified into acute radiation reactions and post-radiation injuries. Among them is radiation dermatitis, which is one of the most common adverse reactions to the radiotherapy. This complication manifests as erythema, as well as hyperpigmentation, dry and itchy skin, hair loss. In addition to the obvious negative impact on the patient's quality of life, some of the above factors can result in the development of a secondary skin infection. As one of the most frequent post-radiation complications, radiation dermatitis places radiotherapists before a challenge to reduce the incidence rates of this side effect, as well as to decrease the intensity of its clinical manifestations if it occurs. This challenge suggests the search for targeted drugs aimed to prevent and treat clinical symptoms. To date, dermatocosmetic products that are used to relieve skin manifestations of radiation treatment complications is an alternate option of the effective solution to the problem of radiation dermatitis. In the described clinical case, we assess the experience of using some of the dermatocosmetic products in a patient with a florid form of radiation dermatitis. 

ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF OVERCOMING OF PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDENTS OF MEDICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 258-261
Author(s):  
Р. Тлебалдин ◽  
М. Абиров ◽  
М.К. Желдербаева ◽  
Е. Ергешов ◽  
Ж.Н. Бисенбаева
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Psychological Barriers ◽  
Psychological Barrier ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Individual

В статье рассмотрены условия преодоления психологических барьеров в обучении студентов медиков. Преодоление психологического барьера это сложный и многогранный процесс, который сопровождается изменениями жизненных условий, статуса вчерашнего школьника, определения своего места в новом коллективе, отношениями с преподавателями, изменениями в организации своего рабочего времени, осознании причастности к будущей профессии врача. Психологический барьер представляет собой определенную внутриличностную преграду, преодоление которой ведет к качественному преобразованию, как деятельности личности, так и самой личности. Кроме этого в статье раскрываются основные причины возникновения психологических барьеров в процессе обучения, где проблема преодоления психологических барьеров учебной деятельности изучалась как в педагогических, так и в психологических исследованиях и оказывает негативное влияние на учебную деятельность студентов. The article considers the conditions for overcoming psychological barriers in the training of medical students. Overcoming the psychological barrier is a complex and multifaceted process that is accompanied by changes in living conditions, the status of yesterday's student, determining their place in the new team, relationships with teachers, changes in the organization of their working hours, awareness of involvement in the future profession of a doctor. The psychological barrier is a certain intrapersonal barrier, the overcoming of which leads to a qualitative transformation of both the activity of the individual and the personality itself. In addition, the article reveals the main reasons for the emergence of psychological barriers in the learning process, where the problem of overcoming psychological barriers to educational activity has been studied both in pedagogical and psychological studies and has a negative impact on the educational activities of students.

Learning from WorldCom: Implications for Fraud Detection through Continuous Assurance

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Randel Kuhn ◽  
Steve G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Enterprise Risk Management ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Legacy Systems ◽  
Enterprise Software ◽  
Transaction Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Enterprise Risk

The recent rash of corporate frauds and malfeasance has intensified the focus on continuous assurance as a viable enterprise risk-management tool. In line with this focus, the current study revisits the WorldCom fraud and explores the feasibility of implementing continuous assurance over key-event-transaction data as a means of facilitating early detection of the main fraud activities that occurred. There are three main objectives of the research. The first is to examine the key methods of fraud executed by WorldCom's management in order to design a continuous assurance model that would have provided the analytic monitoring necessary for early detection of the fraudulent transactions. The second objective is to provide a blueprint for the integration of the prescribed continuous assurance model in an SAP environment as a means of demonstrating the feasibility of such a continuous assurance strategy. The third objective is to explore the complexity derived from the use of multiple-legacy systems as a means of articulating the resulting higher risk and the negative impact on the feasibility of continuous assurance. WorldCom forms the centerpiece of the research study based on the multiple fraud conditions and the coexistence of both SAP enterprise software and a myriad of legacy-system applications.

scholarly journals Intensity of Nematode Infection in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years Living in Mukuru Kwa Njenga Slum Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Allan ◽  
Fiona N. Mbai ◽  
Dorcas S. Yole ◽  
Moses Owino
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Status ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Stool Samples

Background. The burden of nematode infections is high mostly in children below 5 years old, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild to painful symptoms due to severe infections that end up suppressing the immune system of the infected children. The occurrence of these infections is highest in areas of extreme poverty. This study evaluated the intensity of nematode infections and assessed the status of deworming in children aged 3 to 5 years living in Mukuru slum settlement, Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology. A total of 172 children aged between 3 and 5 years were sampled across the 5 major villages of Mukuru Slum settlement: Kwa Njenga, Vietnum, Wapewape, Kwa Reuben, and Motomoto. Community health workers administered questionnaires on the deworming history of children. Stool samples were collected, macroscopically examined, and microscopically analysed using Kato-Katz technique to assess the intensity of infection. The intensities of nematode infections were expressed as eggs per gram (epg) of faeces. Results. The point prevalence of nematode infection among the 98 children in the 1st sampling was 25.5% with a mean infection intensity of 5424 epg, whereas among the 74 children sampled in 2nd sampling, 47.3% had nematode infection with a mean infection intensity of 12384 epg. The average nematode infection for the 172 participants was 34.9% with a mean intensity of 17808 epg. The highest number of children infected with nematodes was in the village of Wapewape where 34 participants were examined and 36.3% were infected with a mean intensity of 3216 epg. Kwa Reuben and Vietnum villages had the same prevalence values of 32.4% where 34 participants in each village had a mean intensity of 3624 epg and 4512 epg, respectively. In both samplings, more than 80% of children had been dewormed more than 6 months prior to the study. Ascaris lumbricoides was the only species of intestinal nematodes identified to be present in the stool samples of children in this study, whereas Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections were found to be absent. The intensity of infection was not dependent on age or gender.

scholarly journals Monitoring Mining Disturbance and Restoration over RBM Site in South Africa Using LandTrendr Algorithm and Landsat Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 6916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubanzi Z. D. Dlamini ◽  
Sifiso Xulu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Surface Mines ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Observation Strategy ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Disturbance And Recovery

Considering the negative impact of mining on ecosystems in mining areas, the South African government legislated the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (No. 28 of 2002), to compel mining companies to restore the land affected by mining. Several studies have used remotely sensed data to observe the status and dynamics of surface mines. Advances in remote sensing along the cloud-based Google Earth Engine (GEE) now promise an enhanced observation strategy for improved monitoring of mine environments. Despite these advances, land rehabilitation at Richards Bay Minerals (RBM) is mainly restricted to field-based approaches which are unable to reveal seamless patterns of disturbance and restoration. Here, we illustrate the value of the trajectory-based LandTrendr algorithm in conjunction with GEE for mine rehabilitation studies. Our automated method produced disturbance and recovery patterns (1984–2018) over the RBM site. The study revealed that RBM has progressively been mining different portions of the mineral-rich coastal area after which restoration was undertaken. The duration of mining over each site ranged from 2 to 6 years. The LandTrendr outputs correspond with independent reference datasets that were classified with an overall accuracy of 99%; it captures mine-induced disturbance efficiently and offers a practical tool for mine restoration management.

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