scholarly journals Spanish adaptation of the Ambivalent Classism Inventory (ACI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Sainz ◽  
◽  
Roberto M. Lobato ◽  
Gloria Jiménez-Moya ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction: Hostile and benevolent classism influence the derogation of poor people and groups, with negative consequences. The present study aims to adapt and validate the Ambivalent Classism Inventory (ACI) to obtain an adequate tool for expanding research on this topic among the Spanish-speaking population. Method: Toward this end, the researchers back-translated the ACI version originally developed for English speakers. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses verify the ACI’s reliability and factor structure with a sample of Mexican participants. Results: The results demonstrated that the adapted scale’s psychometric properties are acceptable. Its original and factor structure are similar to those of the original scale:hostile classism (12 items), protective paternalism (4 items), and complementary class differentiation (4 items). Furthermore, the study tests the convergent and divergent validity of the scale´s sub-dimensions concerning other ideological and socioeconomic variables. Conclusion:The proposed ACI adaptation should contribute to understanding attitudes toward the poor as well as their consequences among Spanish speakers.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
John A. Sauceda ◽  
Edda I. Santiago-Rodriguez ◽  
Gaspar Zaragoza ◽  
Catherine E. Rivas ◽  
Luz Venegas ◽  
...  

There is evidence for a relationship between housing instability and transactional sex among transgender women. However, less is known about this relationship among monolingual Spanish-speaking transgender women. We compared Spanish- and English-speaking transgender women for differences in ever reporting transactional sex, and if perceived housing stability moderated these differences. Using a cross-sectional design, we surveyed 186 Spanish- and English-speaking transgender women in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and the San Francisco Bay Area, California. All variables in this study were from a brief demographic questionnaire in a larger parent study. Using a multivariate regression model for moderation, we tested whether the odds for reporting transactional sex were different between English and Spanish speakers, and whether housing stability moderated these odds. Overall, Spanish and English speakers reporting similar percentages of transactional sex (52.3–53.8%) and similar scores on the housing stability measure. In the moderation regression model, Spanish speakers had 7.9 times the adjusted odds of transaction sex, versus English speakers, but housing stability moderated the probability of transactional sex in the form of a crossover interaction. That is, lesser housing stability was associated with a higher probability of reporting transactional sex among Spanish speakers, yet greater housing stability was also associated with lower probability of reporting transactional sex. Housing stability evidenced both a risk and protective role for Spanish-speaking transgender women, which highlight the importance of this basic health need.


Author(s):  
Nicole St. Germaine-McDaniel

As health-information websites become more popular, healthcare corporations have worked quickly to create Spanish-language sites to reach the Spanish-speaking population. However, changes have to be made in order to effectively adapt to the Spanish-speaking audience. In order to be successful, site designers must create a sense of community by having interactive elements and by advertising these sites through radio or television with well-known celebrities or known figures in the healthcare realm. Further, care must be taken to ensure that the information in these sites is culturally appropriate for this audience. The successful health information website can be a strong tool for educating both Spanish and English speakers alike about preventative care, as well as treatment options, which in turn can improve health outcomes.


2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Juan Vázquez ◽  
Isabel Pascual ◽  
Sonia Panadero

From information supplied by 1,092 university students from countries with different levels of development, in this work we developed an up-to-date instrument to allow the causes of poverty in developing countries to be studied. Taking the Causes of Third World Poverty Questionnaire (CTWPQ; Harper, 2002), the most widely used instrument for this purpose as the starting point, and taking into account contributions made by other authors, The Causes of Poverty in Developing Countries Questionnaire (CPDCQ) was developed. It is an instrument of 20 items organized into 5 factors: “Blame causes within developing countries”, “Blame causes external to developing countries”, “Blame attributed to developing countries' populations”, “Blame attributed to developing countries' services”, and “Blame attributed to the poor distribution of land in developing countries”.


2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (35) ◽  
pp. 1391-1396
Author(s):  
Csaba Hamvai ◽  
Ágoston Fáber ◽  
Barna Konkolÿ Thege

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Egyre több adat bizonyítja, hogy a COVID–19-járvány hatással van a pszichés egészségre, beleértve a megnövekedett észlelt stresszt is. Célkitűzés: Az Észlelt Stressz Kérdőív 10 tételes, járványspecifikus verziójának (PSS-PAN) megalkotása, validitásának és megbízhatóságának tesztelése. Módszer: A skála faktorstruktúráját, konvergens és divergens validitását teszteltük egy internetes vizsgálat során (n = 1164; átlagéletkor: 38,57 év; szórás: 6,27 év; 84,2% nő). Eredmények: Igazoltuk a PSS-PAN egykomponensű szerkezetét. A kérdőív továbbá szignifikánsan korrelált a rövidített Beck Depresszió Kérdőív (r = 0,41; n = 1164; p<0,001), a 4 tételes Észlelt Stressz Kérdőív (r = 0,46; n = 1164; p<0,001) és az Élettel Való Elégedettség Skála pontszámaival (r = –0,29; n = 1164; p<0,001). A nők esetében a PSS-PAN átlaga szignifikánsan magasabb volt, mint a férfiaknál (t(1162) = –7,135; p<0,001), de ez a hatásnagyság nagyon csekély volt (Cohen-féle d = 0,06). A PSS-PAN átlagpontszáma szignifikánsan nem különbözött a legmagasabb iskolai végzettség kategóriái mentén (F(6;1157) = 2,035; p = 0,06; η2 = 0,01). Az alsó középosztályba tartozó résztvevők átlagpontszáma szignifikánsan magasabb volt, mint a középosztályba tartozó kitöltőké a post hoc elemzés alapján (F(4;1159) = 3,461; p = 0,01; η2 = 0,01). A skála pontszáma nem korrelált szignifikánsan az életkorral (r = –0,04; n = 1164; p = 0,13). A Cronbach-alfa 0,89 volt, vagyis a kérdőív belső megbízhatósága kiváló. Megbeszélés: A skála egykomponensű struktúrát mutatott. A többi skálával való közepesen erős és gyenge korrelációja a skála validitását igazolta, és azt, hogy a járványhoz kapcsolódó észlelt stressz külön indikátora. Pontszámát nem vagy nem erősen befolyásolta a nem, a kor, az iskolázottság vagy a szocioökonómiai státusz. Következtetés: A PSS-PAN a járványokhoz kötődő stressz mérésének megfelelő eszköze. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(35): 1391–1396. Summary. Introduction: A growing amount of evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic influences mental health, including an increased level of perceived stress. Objective: To develop and psychometrically investigate a pandemic-specific version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-PAN) that measures stress related to the pandemic. Method: Factor structure as well as convergent and divergent validity of the 10-item PSS-PAN were examined on the data set of an online survey (n = 1164; mean age: 38.57 years; standard deviation: 6.27 years; 84.2% women). Results: A one-factor structure for the PSS-PAN was confirmed. The scale correlated significantly with scores on the Shortened Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.41; n = 1164; p<0.001), the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (r = 0.46; n = 1164; p<0.001), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (r = –0.29; n = 1164; p<0.001). Women’s PSS-PAN scores were significantly higher than men’s (t(1162) = –7.135; p<0.001) but this difference was trivial (Cohen’s d = 0.06). Further, scale scores did not differ significantly across educational attainment (F(6;1157) = 2.035; p = 0.06; η2 = 0.01). Lower middle class participants’ mean scores were significantly higher than those of middle-class respondents according to the post hoc test (F(4;1159) = 3.461; p = 0.01; η2 = 0.01). PSS-PAN scores did not correlate significantly with age (r = –0.04; n = 1164; p = 0.13). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.89 indicating excellent internal consistency. Discussion: The PSS-PAN has a single-component structure. Moderately strong and weak correlations with other scales support its convergent and divergent validity and indicate that it is a distinct indicator of pandemic-related perceived stress. Its total score was not or not strongly associated with gender, age, education level, or socioeconomic status. Conclusion: The PSS-PAN is a proper instrument to measure pandemic-specific perceived stress. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(35): 1391–1396.


2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Walsh ◽  
Y. Shou ◽  
J. Han ◽  
J. K. Brinker

The Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire (RTS) conceptualizes rumination as repetitive, recurrent, intrusive, and uncontrollable thinking. This article outlines the development and validation of a Chinese language version of the RTS, the RTS-CH. Following independent translation, back translation, and final translation checking, the factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, and item-level congruence of the RTS-CH was examined and improved. The resultant scale showed equivalence to the RTS and had attractive psychometric properties. The RTS-CH is the first Chinese language rumination measure that does not have inherently negative or depressive content.


Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Pierce ◽  
Seth D. Maxwell ◽  
Thomas M. Olino ◽  
Shanna Cooper ◽  
Lauren M. Ellman

Negative symptoms such as anhedonia are associated with psychosis risk and poorer outcomes. The Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) is a self-report questionnaire used to screen for psychosis spectrum symptoms. However, the convergent and divergent validity and underlying factor structure of the PQ–negative symptom subscale (PQ-N) have yet to be examined. Undergraduates ( N = 1,556) completed the PQ, Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale, and measures assessing anxiety, depression, and motivation. An exploratory factor analysis conducted on the PQ-N yielded a two-factor solution, reflecting subdimensions of social expression and dissociative–depressive experiences, contrary to previous research examining the factor structure of negative symptoms. Associations between the PQ-N, its two factors, and measures of negative symptoms and other psychopathology were examined. Results indicated that the PQ-N and its factors were more strongly correlated with measures of depression and anxiety than with measures of negative symptoms relating to motivation and pleasure, suggesting poor convergent and divergent validity.


2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Krumm ◽  
María Aranguren ◽  
Vanessa Arán Filippetti ◽  
Viviana Lemos

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Sharif Nia ◽  
Vida Shafipour ◽  
Kelly-Ann Allen ◽  
Mohammad Reza Heidari ◽  
Jamshid Yazdani-Charati ◽  
...  

Background: Moral distress is a growing problem for healthcare professionals that may lead to dissatisfaction, resignation, or occupational burnout if left unattended, and nurses experience different levels of this phenomenon. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the factor structure of the Persian version of the Moral Distress Scale–Revised in intensive care and general nurses. Research design: This methodological research was conducted with 771 nurses from eight hospitals in the Mazandaran Province of Iran in 2017. Participants completed the Moral Distress Scale–Revised, data collected, and factor structure assessed using the construct, convergent, and divergent validity methods. The reliability of the scale was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha, Theta, and McDonald’s omega coefficients) and construct reliability. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The exploratory factor analysis ( N = 380) showed that the Moral Distress Scale–Revised has five factors: lack of professional competence at work, ignoring ethical issues and patient conditions, futile care, carrying out the physician’s orders without question and unsafe care, and providing care under personal and organizational pressures, which explained 56.62% of the overall variance. The confirmatory factor analysis ( N = 391) supported the five-factor solution and the second-order latent factor model. The first-order model did not show a favorable convergent and divergent validity. Ultimately, the Moral Distress Scale–Revised was found to have a favorable internal consistency and construct reliability. Discussion and conclusion: The Moral Distress Scale–Revised was found to be a multidimensional construct. The data obtained confirmed the hypothesis of the factor structure model with a latent second-order variable. Since the convergent and divergent validity of the scale were not confirmed in this study, further assessment is necessary in future studies.


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