scholarly journals REDUCTION OF Salmonella spp. LEVELS IN SWINE CARCASS AT THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE, USING HOT WATER BATH AT 80°C

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília Soares
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Double Chin

Porcine salmonellosis is of important economic and food safety importance, as it is a cause of foodinfections in humans, and is present in large scale in finishing pigs due to lymph node latency and rearingconditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction in Salmonella spp. in slaughterswine carcasses, after slaughtering under a bath with water at 80 ° C. Ninety swine carcasses wereevaluated after slaughter at four harvesting points (leg, loin, belly and double chin), before and afterbathing with water at 80 °C, in 720 samples, with quantitative analysis by the number method moreprobable. In slaughtering 43.33% (39/90) of the animals were positive before hot water applicationrepresented by 62 positive samples. After the intervention, 88.71% (55/62) of the positive sampleszeroed the counts, in seven samples there was no reduction and in 11 samples, there was positivity inpreviously negative animals. The typifications of all positives were Salmonella Typhimurium. Thesamples with the greatest reduction in the count were double chin and belly samples with a concentrationof 330 NMP / g that subsequently zeroed. Treatment with hot water bath in the carcasses was efficient,with significant difference of positivity before and after the intervention. There were cases of crosscontamination after intervention in animals that remained positive and animals negative. Intervention by bathing the carcasses after gutting with 80 ° C water reduces the Salmonella spp. count and iseconomically viable.  

scholarly journals Microbial Evaluation of Turkish Herbal Teas Before and After Infusion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Akduman ◽  
I. Omurtag Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Boiled Water

Background: Herbal teas are produced and sold in packaged or unpackaged forms all over the world. The aim of this study was microbial evaluation of Turkish herbal teas before and after infusion in boiled water. Methods: A total of 20 packaged and unpackaged samples of Turkish herbal teas, including chamomile, salvia, green, mix, apple, mate, ginger, linden, fennel, and senna tea were collected. All of the samples were analyzed before and after infusion in hot water (~100 °C). Microbiological analyses were performed with tenfold serial dilution for yeast-mold, Salmonella, and Cronobacter sakazakii after enrichment by using the spread-on-plate method on selective agar. Data were statistically analyzed by using Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2013 Excel software. Results: Three out of the 20 tea samples (15%) were contaminated with C. sakazakii. None of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. No significant difference was found in occurrence of C. sakazakii before and after infusion of the samples (p>0.05). Mold and yeast contamination were found in 12 out of 20 teas samples (60%). No statistical significance (p>0.05) was found between the mold-yeast contents of the unpackaged and packaged herbal teas. After infusion, neither mold nor yeast was observed in any of the samples. Conclusion: All of the herbal teas in this research were found to be within the microbiological limits for consumption according to Turkish Food Codex. However, the microbiological results highlighted the need for quality control of senna tea during production to eliminate the risk of C. sakazakii contamination.

The Effect of Using an Electric Fan on Dyspnea in Chinese Patients With Terminal Cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sio Leng Wong ◽  
Sok Man Leong ◽  
Cheng Man Chan ◽  
Sut Peng Kan ◽  
Hon Wai Benjamin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Fan therapy is often suggested for relieving the symptom of dyspnea in patients with advanced cancer, but relevant literature among Asians is limited. Objective: Phase 2 clinical trial to assess the clinical feasibility and outcome of using an electric fan to alleviate the symptom of dyspnea in Chinese patients with advanced cancer. Methods: Thirty patients with advanced cancer having unresolved breathlessness were recruited from Hospice and Palliative Care Centre of Kiang Wu Hospital in Macau. Participants were randomly and equally allocated to the experimental group and the control group, respectively. Outcome Measures: Verbal numerical rating scale (NRS) of breathlessness, respiratory rate (RR), and saturation of peripheral oxygen (SpO2) was collected before and after the intervention. Results: T test was used to analyze the data collected. There was a significant difference in the NRS scores of the experimental group ( P < .01), indicating a significant reduction in the patients’ sensation of breathlessness after fan therapy, whereas no significant difference was found in the objective statistic results of RR and SpO2. No significant difference ( P > .05) was found in the control group for all the 3 variables before and after routine treatment. Conclusion: The results of the study suggested that fan therapy could be effective in alleviating dyspnea in Chinese patients with advanced cancer. It should be considered as one of the nonpharmacological treatment option. Future large-scale phase 3 clinical trials are warranted.

scholarly journals Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, or Salmonella on Whole Yellow Onions (Allium cepa) Exposed to Hot Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lieberman ◽  
Ethan W Morgan ◽  
Linda J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Water Line ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference

In-home or food service antimicrobial treatment options for fresh produce are limited. Hot water treatments for whole (unpeeled) produce have been proposed but data to support this practice for onions are not available. Separate cocktails of rifampin-resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes , or Salmonella were cultured on agar and suspended in sterile water. The outer papery skin at the equator or root or stem ends of the whole yellow onions was spot inoculated at 6 log CFU/onion. After drying for 30 min and, in some cases, storage at 4°C for 6 days, onions were immersed in water at ~100°C for 5 s or 85°C for 10 to 180 s. There was no significant difference ( P &gt; 0.05) in the mean decline of Salmonella on onions that were exposed to hot water after drying the inoculum for 30 min or after storage at 4°C for 6 days. Exposure of whole onions at 100°C for 5 s reduced E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes populations by &gt;5 log CFU/onion at all inoculum sites and Salmonella populations by &gt;5 log CFU/onion at the stem end and equator but not consistently at the root end. Mean root-end reductions of ≥5 log CFU/onion of E. coli O157:H7, L. monocytogenes , or Salmonella were achieved consistently when the root end was fully immersed in 85°C hot water for 45 or 60 s, except in a small number of cases (4/57; 7%) when the root end oriented above the water line during treatment. When onions were held at 85°C for 180 s with the root end above the water line in an uncovered water bath, no significant declines in Salmonella populations were observed; significant mean declines of Salmonella were achieved (mean 5 log CFU/onion [range 3.49 to 6.25]) when the water bath was covered. Short exposure to hot water can significantly reduce pathogens on the surface of whole onions; reductions are more consistent when the root end is submerged, or when the water bath is covered.

scholarly journals Experimental study on three simple tracers for the assessment of extraneous water into sewer systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Guo ◽  
Rui Ding ◽  
Biao Huang ◽  
David Z. Zhu ◽  
Wenming Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tracer Concentration ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Monitoring Frequency ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Groundwater Infiltration ◽  
Detection Cost

Abstract In recent years, three simple tracers (conductivity, turbidity and temperature) have shown their advantages to many other tracers for tracing and assessment of extraneous water (or inflow and infiltration, I/I) into sewer systems due to low detection cost and high monitoring frequency. A better understanding of the error and uncertainty of the three simple tracers on the quantification of I/I will help to improve the reliability and reduce the cost of actual projects. A large-scale experimental model simulating a 36 m long sewer was constructed for conducting extraneous water flow tests including groundwater infiltration, wastewater inflow and hot water inflow under different I/I flow rates and concentrations. The accuracy and uncertainty of the three tracers were estimated, and their correlation with tracer concentration difference before and after extraneous inflow was also analyzed. Experimental results provide guidance for the practical applicability of the three tracers under different I/I conditions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Adolescence Learning Behavior in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
Syiva Fitria ◽  
Dedy Surya
Keyword(s):  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Learning Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

Indonesia is one among many countries applies lockdown or large-scale social restriction in order to suppress transmission rates. The current study examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown decision on sedentary behavior among adolescents in Indonesia. An online survey was administered to 255 adolescents on August until October. The online survey consists of questions on demographic information and Adolescence Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the difference between total hours spend on performing sedentary behavior before and after the pandemic. A paired sample t-test revealed there was a significant difference in total hours spend on performing sedentary behavior before and after the pandemic (t (254) = -12.8, p<.001). Adolescence is performing more sedentary behavior after the pandemic (M=10.43, SD=3.11) compared to the time before the pandemic (M=8.68, SD=3.47). In conclusion, the covid-19 pandemic cause change on sedentary behavior where there were increase of the total hour adolescence spend on performing sedentary behavior, including a significant change in learning behavior.

scholarly journals Moringa oleifera Teabags Increase Hemoglobin in Adolescent Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayu Tirtawati ◽  
Kusmiyati Kusmiyati ◽  
Atik Purwandari ◽  
Amelia Donsu ◽  
Martha Korompis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

AIM: The study aims to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera teabags on increased Hemoglobin (Hb) in adolescent girls. METHODS: The research method used in this research was a pre-post-test one group design, a research design to determine the cause and effect or effect of an intervention. The treatment was carried out by giving M. oleifera teabags 2 times. Specifically, one sachet (3 g) in the morning and one sachet (3 g) in the afternoon, dipped in 250 ml hot water, and added two teaspoons granulated sugar. The treatment was given for 30 days. RESULTS: An increase in the average of Hb (mean) before the intervention was 10.71 g/dl. After 15 days of the intervention, it was 11.03 g/dl. Subsequently, after 30 days of intervention, the average Hb value (mean) was 11.63 g/dl, then the p-value ≤ α, which was 0.000 (p < 0.05), and these results indicated a significant difference between Hb before and after the intervention. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference between Hb before and after the intervention, meaning that there was an effect of Moringa leaf teabags on the increase in Hb in adolescent females.

scholarly journals Effects of Cold Storage on Host Antheraea pernyi Egg Quality for the Egg Parasitoid Anastatus fulloi Sheng and Wang

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Can Zhao ◽  
Baoxin Zhang ◽  
Zixin Liu ◽  
Huiyun Zhang ◽  
Dunsong Li
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Antheraea Pernyi ◽  
Significant Difference

Chinese silkworm (Antheraea pernyi) eggs are used as factitious hosts of Anastatus fulloi, and refrigeration of these eggs is essential for large-scale rearing of A. fulloi. We studied the effects of cold storage of A. pernyi eggs on egg quality and the fitness of A. fulloi reared on the eggs. Four cold storage treatments and two cold storage periods were assessed. The 0–3 °C refrigerator treatment was unsuitable for long-term (>70 days) storage. Cold storage at −5 °C and −18 °C increased the loss rate of A. pernyi eggs, but there was no significant difference between the control and 0–3 °C water bath treatment. The parasitism rate of A. fulloi was reduced when A. pernyi eggs were refrigerated for 6 or 12 months. There were no obvious differences in eclosion rate and percentage of females between control and eggs subjected to 6-month storage in 0–3 °C, −5 °C, and −18 °C water bath treatments. However, the eclosion rate and percentage of females decreased sharply when the storage period was 12 months. The overall eclosion rate of A. fulloi was reduced at the prolonged refrigeration time. Cold storage reduced host egg quality and their fitness suitability for A. fulloi. To minimize losses in the large-scale rearing of A. fulloi, A. pernyi eggs should be refrigerated in a 0–3 °C or −5 °C water bath treatment, and the storage period should not exceed 6 months.

The Effect of Active Site-inhibited Factor VIIa on Tissue Factor-initiated Coagulation Using Platelets before and after Aspirin Administration

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 1202-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Kjalke ◽  
Julie A Oliver ◽  
Dougald M Monroe ◽  
Maureane Hoffman ◽  
Mirella Ezban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Factor Viia ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Antithrombotic Agent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ic50 Values

SummaryActive site-inactivated factor VIIa has potential as an antithrombotic agent. The effects of D-Phe-L-Phe-L-Arg-chloromethyl ketone-treated factor VIla (FFR-FVIIa) were evaluated in a cell-based system mimicking in vivo initiation of coagulation. FFR-FVIIa inhibited platelet activation (as measured by expression of P-selectin) and subsequent large-scale thrombin generation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 1.4 ± 0.8 nM (n = 8) and 0.9 ± 0.7 nM (n = 7), respectively. Kd for factor VIIa binding to monocytes ki for FFR-FVIIa competing with factor VIIa were similar (11.4 ± 0.8 pM and 10.6 ± 1.1 pM, respectively), showing that FFR-FVIIa binds to tissue factor in the tenase complex with the same affinity as factor VIIa. Using platelets from volunteers before and after ingestion of aspirin (1.3 g), there were no significant differences in the IC50 values of FFR-FVIIa [after aspirin ingestion, the IC50 values were 1.7 ± 0.9 nM (n = 8) for P-selectin expression, p = 0.37, and 1.4 ± 1.3 nM (n = 7) for thrombin generation, p = 0.38]. This shows that aspirin treatment of platelets does not influence the inhibition of tissue factor-initiated coagulation by FFR-FVIIa, probably because thrombin activation of platelets is not entirely dependent upon expression of thromboxane A2.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

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