scholarly journals TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE HEART

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-692
Author(s):  
E. O. Saad ◽  
L. P. Ananyeva ◽  
D. S. Novikova ◽  
R. T. Alekperov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Objective: to determine the frequency of traditional risk factors (TRFs) for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) and to analyze their relationship to the clinical manifestations of SS, as well as to structural changes, as evidenced by echocardiography (EchoCG).Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 125 patients with SS and 50 sex- and age-matched, apparently healthy individuals included in a control group. Standard electrocardiography was performed in all and EchoCG – in 121 patients. The Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) scale was used to assess the risk of fatal CVD in 100 patients with SS and in 47 control individuals within 10 years.Results and discussion. The frequency of TFRs in patients with SS was not significantly different from that in the control group, except for the occurrence of hypercholesterolemia and increased body mass index (BMI). In SS, BMI >25 kg/m2 was observed significantly more often and the frequency of hypercholesterolemia was lower than in the controls (p <0.018). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were slightly more frequently encountered in SS patients than in the controls, but this difference was insignificant. Taking into account the Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC) guidelines, the cardiovascular risk (CVR) was assessed with the SCORE scale. A very high CVR was much more common in SS and a moderate CVR was much more frequently seen in the control group. There were no substantial differences in the frequency of low and high CVRs. SS is characterized by the increased frequency of high total CVD risk as compared to the controls. Hypertension, overweight, and over 50 years of age were associated with more obvious structural heart disease.Conclusion. TRFs make a substantial contribution to the formation of a high CVR in patients with SS, promoting the development of atherosclerosis and its complications. Assessment of TGFs in SS patients will facilitate identifying patients at high risk for cardiovascular death and timely prescribing therapy. Hypertension is an important TGF that in SS is associated with considerable structural changes in the heart; therefore adequate blood pressure control is of importance in improving SS prognosis especially in patients older than 50 years.

“I feel fine. Do I really need to take a cholesterol pill?”

HIV ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Arvind Nishtala ◽  
Matthew J. Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

With widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART) accessibility and uptake, HIV has transitioned in many ways to a chronic condition marked by heightened risks of non-communicable diseases. Several clinical and epidemiological studies over the past two decades have demonstrated elevated risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among people with HIV. These risks appear to be particularly elevated among people with histories of long periods of uncontrolled viremia and CD4 lymphopenia, and dovetail with traditional risk factors (such as smoking) that are common among people with HIV. This chapter presents a discussion of the evolving epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and putative mechanisms of CVDs among people with HIV.

scholarly journals Level of N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide progenitor and atherosclerotic damage of brachocephalic arteries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with inefficiency and/or injurability of basic anti - inflammatory treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
E V Gerasimova ◽  
T V Popkova ◽  
A V Martynova ◽  
E I Markelova ◽  
D S Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

The high prognostic significance of the concentration of the N-terminal - pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was identified for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and general populations. Aim: to investigate the significance of NT-proBNP level in patients (pts) with RA with the ineffectiveness and/or intolerance of basic anti - inflammatory therapy; compare the level of NT-proBNP with atherosclerotic lesion of the brachiocephalic arteries (BCA), traditional risk factors and inflammatory markers. Materials and methods. The investigation enrolled 28 pts (24women/4men) with the lack of efficacy/resistance and/or intolerance of basic anti - inflammatory drugs (DMARDs); median age was 55 [46; 61] years, median disease duration 114 [60; 168] month; DAS28 6,2 [5.1; 7.0]; SDAI 35.0[23.9; 51.0], CDAI 30.0[21.0; 42.0], serum positivity for rheumatoid factor (RF) (100%)/anti - cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACCP) (86%). The study did not include RA pts with congestive heart failure. High incidence of traditional risk factors was found in RA pts: arterial hypertension - in 75%, dyslipidemia - 61%, smoking - 17%, overweight - 61%, family history of cardiovascular diseases - 36%, hypodynamia - 68%. Coronary artery disease was diagnosed in 11% RA pts. Lack of efficacy of 3 or more DMARDs was found in 46% of pts, intolerance to previous therapy with DMARDs - in 54% pts. 47% were receiving methotrexate (20 [18; 25] mg/week), 11% - leflunomide, 7% - sulfasalazine, 46% - glucocorticoids, 75% - non - steroidal anti - inflammatory drugs. The control group consisted of 20 healthy donors, comparable to pts by age and sex. Serum levels of of NT-proBNP were measured using electrochemiluminescence method Elecsys proBNP II (Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland). The determination of the intima - media thickness (IMT) BCA were assessed from duplex scanning. Atherosclerotic lesion of BCA was assessed by the presence of atherosclerotic plaque (IMT ≥1.2 mm). Results. NT-proBNP concentrations in RA pts proved to be higher (78.7 [41.4; 101.3] pg/ml) than those in the control group (55.3 [36.6; 67.3] pg/ml, p100 pg/ml - 1 group (n=6) and ≤100 pg/ml - 2 group (n=22). Groups of RA pts did not differ in gender, age, activity of RA, frequency of detection of traditional risk factors. Atherosclerotic lesion of the BCA was detected in 3 (50%) pts of the 1 group and in 8 (36%) pts of the 2 group (p>0.05). In RA pts the level of NT-proBNP correlated with age (r=0.39; p

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases in Aircrew

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Buila ◽  
Gilbert K. Kabanda ◽  
Elysee M-C. Munyoka ◽  
Jean-Marc B. Bantu ◽  
Jean René M’Buyamba-Kabangu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

The relation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) to not only traditional but also new and emergent risk factors has been assessed in aircrew. Total flight hours (TFH), high altitude and weightlessness exposure have been accounted among traditional risk factors for CVD among the aircrew. The risk factors do not perform in loneliness. To predict the 10 years global CV risk, several scores are being applied either based on traditional CVD risk factors only or also including new and emergent risk factors. To prevent aircrew from developing CVD, one should focus on the control of behavioral and metabolic risks as well as the polymorphe treatment of high CV risk individuals.

Does HbA1cc Play a Role in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 2876-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailash Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be mediated through increases in the cardiovascular risk factors. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) also called glycated hemoglobin is presently used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. It has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. This review deals with its synthesis and effects on the cardiovascular system. The serum levels of HbA1c have been reported to be affected by various factors including, the lifespan of erythrocytes, factors affecting erythropoiesis, agents interfering glycation of Hb, destruction of erythrocytes, drugs that shift the formation of Hb, statins, and drugs interfering the HbA1c assay. Levels of HbA1c are positively correlated with serum glucose and advanced glycation end products ( AGE), but no correlation between AGE and serum glucose. AGE cannot replace HbA1c for the diagnosis and management of diabetes because there is no correlation of AGE with serum glucose, and because the half-life of protein with which glucose combines is only 14-20 days as compared to erythrocytes which have a half-life of 90-120 days. HbA1c is positively associated with CVD such as the carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke and hypertension.HbA1c induces dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension, and increases C-reactive protein, oxidative stress and blood viscosity that would contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, HbA1c serves as a useful marker for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. AGE cannot replace HbA1c in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. There is an association of HbA1c with CVD which be mediated through modulation of CVD risk factors.

scholarly journals Women’s Cardiac Health in 2020: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
Fabiola B. Sozzi ◽  
Marta Belmonte ◽  
Marco Schiavone ◽  
Ciro Canetta ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractAlthough substantial progress has been made toward improving gender- and sex-specific cardiovascular disease (CVD) management and outcomes, contemporary reports indicate a persistent knowledge gap with regard to optimal risk-stratification and management in female cardiac heart disease (CHD) patients. Prominent patient and system delays in diagnosing CHD are, in part, due to the limited awareness for the latent CVD risk in women, a lack of sex-specific thresholds within clinical guidelines, and subsequent limited performance of contemporary diagnostic approaches in women. Several traditional risk factors for CHD affect both women and men. But other factors can play a bigger role in the development of heart disease in women. In addition, little is known about the influence of socioenvironmental and contextual factors on gender-specific disease manifestation and outcomes. It is imperative that we understand the mechanisms that contribute to worsening risk factors profiles in young women to reduce future atherosclerotic CVD morbidity and mortality. This comprehensive review focuses on the novel aspects of cardiovascular health in women and sex differences as they relate to clinical practice and prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CVD. Increased recognition of the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and their differential impact in women, as well as emerging nontraditional risk factors unique to or more common in women, contribute to new understanding mechanisms, leading to worsening outcome for women.

Characterization and clinical implications of peripheral arterial involvement in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis cardiomyopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Stamatelopoulos ◽  
D Delialis ◽  
D Bampatsias ◽  
M.E Tselegkidi ◽  
I Petropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Vascular Involvement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Vascular ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Wave Reflections ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Arterial Involvement ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Background The sporadic form of transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is underdiagnosed but its prevalence is increasing due to the aging population. Given the poor prognosis of ATTR-CM understanding the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease is imperative in order to improve strategies for early diagnosis and risk stratification and to develop new effective therapeutic options. ATTR-CM is associated with hypotension and there is preliminary experimental evidence of vascular involvement but its presence and clinical significance remains unknown. Purpose To characterize peripheral arterial involvement and explore its clinical role in ATTR-CM. Methods We consecutively recruited 28 previously untreated patients with newly diagnosed ATTR-CM and 34 elderly controls &gt;70 years old, without ATTR-CM or heart failure. In both groups, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the carotid arteries were measured by high-resolution ultrasonography as markers of peripheral vascular reactivity and of subclinical atherosclerosis, respectively. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as a marker of arterial stiffness. Aortic blood pressure (BP) and augmentation index (AI) using applanation tonometry were measured as markers of arterial wave reflections, peripheral arterial resistance and central hemodynamics. Echocardiography was performed in all ATTR patients. All cardiovascular (CV) measurements were performed before administration of any ATTR-specific therapy. Results ATTR patients were older and had lower prevalence of hypertension and male gender (p&lt;0.05 for all) than the control group. Aortic and peripheral BP (p=0.016–0.088) and AI (p=0.003) were lower in ATTR patients. IMT in the common (cc) and internal carotid (ic) as well as in the carotid bulb (cb) were significantly higher in ATTR patients (p=0.001–0.042). After multivariable adjustment for traditional CV disease (CVD) risk factors, the ATTR group was independently associated with AI and IMT in cc, cb and ic (p&lt;0.05 for all). In a subgroup of subjects with similar age between groups (n=13 and n=33 and 74.5±2.9 vs. 75.6±3.6 years, for ATTR vs. controls, respectively) differences in AI and cbIMT remained significant. Interestingly, AI was strongly and inversely associated with interventricular wall thickness (IVwt) in ATTR patients (spearman rho=−0.651, p=0.001). After adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors this association remained significant. Conclusion ATTR-CM is associated with lower aortic wave reflections, which correlate with more advanced structural cardiac disease, as assessed by IVwt. Further, ATTR-CM patients present accelerated subclinical carotid atherosclerosis as compared to elderly control subjects. These findings suggest that in ATTR-CM there is disease-specific peripheral vascular involvement in parallel to cardiac involvement. The clinical significance of these findings merits further investigation. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Comparative risk assessment for the development of cardiovascular diseases in the Hungarian general and Roma population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Piko ◽  
Zsigmond Kosa ◽  
Janos Sandor ◽  
Roza Adany
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Roma Population

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and the early identification of high risk is crucial to prevent the disease and to reduce healthcare costs. Short life expectancy and increased mortality among the Roma are generally accepted (although not indeed proven by mortality analyses) which can be partially explained by the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) among them. This study aims to elaborate on the prevalence of the most important CVD risk factors, assess the estimation of a 10-year risk of development of fatal and nonfatal CVDs based on the most used risk assessment scoring models, and to compare the Hungarian general (HG) and Roma (HR) populations. In 2018 a complex health survey was accomplished on the HG (n = 380) and HR (n = 347) populations. The prevalence of CVRS was defined and 10-year cardiovascular risk was estimated for both study populations using the following systems: Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (FRSCHD) and for cardiovascular disease (FRSCVD), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) and Revised Pooled Cohort Equations (RPCE). After the risk scores had been calculated, the populations were divided into risk categories and all subjects were classified. For all CVD risk estimation scores, the average of the estimated risk was higher among Roma compared to the HG independently of the gender. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma males population was on average 1.5–3 times higher than in the general one. Among Roma females, the average risk value was higher than in the HG one. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma females population was on average 2–3 times higher compared to the distribution of females in the general population. Our results show that both genders in the Hungarian Roma population have a significantly higher risk for a 10-year development of cardiovascular diseases and dying from them compared to the HG one. Therefore, cardiovascular interventions should be focusing not only on reducing smoking among Roma but on improving health literacy and service provision regarding prevention, early recognition, and treatment of lipid disorders and diabetes among them.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Bears and Other Gay Men: A Descriptive Study from Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mijas ◽  
Karolina Koziara ◽  
Andrzej Galbarczyk ◽  
Grazyna Jasienska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Wide Range

A risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increased by multiple factors including psychosocial stress and health behaviors. Sexual minority men who identify as Bears form a subculture distinguished by characteristics associated with increased CVD risk such as elevated stress and high body weight. However, none of the previous studies comprehensively investigated CVD risk in this population. Our study compared Bears (N = 31) with other gay men (N = 105) across a wide range of CVD risk factors. Logistic regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were performed to compare both groups concerning behavioral (e.g., physical activity), medical (e.g., self-reported hypertension), and psychosocial (e.g., depressiveness) CVD risk factors. Bears were characterized by older age and higher body mass index (BMI) than the control group. We also observed higher resilience, self-esteem, as well as greater prevalence of self-reported hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia in Bears. None of these differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and, in the case of self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, both age and BMI. Our study demonstrates that Bears are characterized by increased CVD risk associated predominantly with older age and higher BMI. Health promotion interventions addressed to this community should be tailored to Bears’ subcultural norms and should encourage a healthier lifestyle instead of weight loss.

Cardiovascular Disorders in Autoimmune Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Delcio G Silva Junior
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Cardio Vascular Disease ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Cardio Vascular

The presence of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) impacts negatively on expectation and quality of life of the population, being one of the main causes of disability. Many of those who become cardiovascular patients throughout their life could have had different evolution if preventive attitudes were taken. Since 50’s decade, Framingham studies have shown the importance of predetermining factors for CVD occurrence. The classical CVD risk factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and family history are well established as predictors of cardiovascular events. The presence of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) impacts negatively on expectation and quality of life of the population, being one of the main causes of disability. Many of those who become cardiovascular patients throughout their life could have had different evolution if preventive attitudes were taken. Since 50’s decade, Framingham studies have shown the importance of predetermining factors for CVD occurrence. The classical CVD risk factors such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and family history are well established as predictors of cardiovascular events. However, in certain clinical conditions, traditional risk factors seem not to fully explain the incidence of CVD. Coronary artery disease and early atherosclerosis in young women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are one of the best examples of how chronic inflammatory diseases can affect individuals who are normally poorly exposed to traditional risk factors. Even with the plurality of extra-articular manifestations of rheumatologic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension and SLE encephalopathy, uveitis in spondyloarthritis, or as Achalasia in scleroderma, attention is being paid to the frequent cardiovascular system involvement in these patients, especially in the vascular territory

scholarly journals Osteosarcopenia in chronic pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-875
Author(s):  
Irina V. Kozlova ◽  
Anna P. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Aim. To determine clinical features and some mechanisms of osteosarcopenia development in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). Materials and methods. A casecontrol study was conducted on the basis of the Saratov State Clinical Hospital 5 in 20152018 of patients with CP. In a study of 161 patients with CP included, the control group 30 healthy individuals. Patients were divided into groups according to the etiology of CP: 79 with toxic-metabolic CP, 82 with biliary CP. To determine the risks of low-energy fractures, 154 patients were tested with the Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). Along with the standard examination, 30 patients with CP dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed. To assess the state of skeletal muscles, body mass index was determined, hand-held dynamometry was performed, and a set of Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tests was used. Along with the assessment of traditional risk factors for osteosarcopenia gender, age, state of reproductive function in women, body mass index, functional state of the pancreas (pancreas) the quantitative content of interleukins (IL)-2, 6, 8 in in colonic biopsies was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. Bone disorders, according to densitometry, was detected in 70.0% of patients with CP, in 13.3% of the control group. Presarcopenia was detected in 62 (38.5%) patients with CP, sarcopenia in 34 (21.1%), in the control group presarcopenia and sarcopenia were not detected. Sarcopenia was statistically significantly more common in toxic-metabolic CP than in biliary CP (2=11.6; p0.001). Correlations of the lumbar spine T-score and IL-6 (r=-0.29; p=0.03), IL-8 (r=-0.29; p=0.04) were revealed. Correlations between sarcopenia and the concentration of cytokines in the in the colon mucosa in CP were determined (IL-2: r=0.44; p0.001; IL-6: r=0.48; p0.001; IL-8: r=0.42; p0.001). Conclusion. The development of osteopenia and sarcopenia syndromes in CP is interrelated and associated with both traditional risk factors and an increased concentration of cytokines in the in the colon mucosa.

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