Dark Triad: Associations with juvenile delinquency, conduct disorder and trauma

The Dark Triad (DT) consists of three personality traits (machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). This is considered relevant for understanding the development of undesirable characteristics for society, frequently observed in young people and adults with antisocial and delinquent behaviours. Aversive personality traits have only recently aroused interest in researchers as a cohesive set of factors. The aim of this study was to analyse the associations of the DT (machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) with juvenile delinquency, conduct disorder (CD), and trauma. For this, a total sample of Portuguese adolescents (n=601; Mage=15.95 years, SD=1.05 years, range=13-18 years) was used, subdivided into a male forensic group, male school group, and female school group. After the elaboration of multiple linear regression models, the results indicated that the psychopathy dimension was the one with the greatest association with juvenile delinquency and CD, while the narcissism dimension was the one with the greatest association with trauma. In future studies, the associations of the DT with juvenile delinquency, CD, and trauma in Portuguese adolescents should continue to be explored in the forensic and school contexts, to further clarify these relationships and contribute to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention programs for Youth with these characteristics.

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Dark Triad, Impulsivity And Honesty-Humility And Intended Behavior In A Prisoner’s Dilemma Game: A Simulation Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-787616/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Olga Lainidi ◽

Eirini Karakasidou ◽

Anthony Montgomery

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Prisoner's Dilemma ◽

Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽

Total Sample ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Situational Judgment Tests ◽

Intended Behavior ◽

Dirty Dozen

Abstract Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate if the Dark Triad personality traits, Impulsivity and Honesty-Humility can predict individuals’ intended behavior in one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma Games (PDG). Method: A cross-sectional correlational design was followed, examining multiple linear regression models. A total sample of 197 Greek adults (64% women, M=35.13 years old) completed a one-shot simulated PDGs, the Dirty Dozen scale, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and the Honesty-Humility subscale from the HEXACO NEO-PI. Results: Significant correlations between Dirty Dozen scores and Impulsivity, and Dirty Dozen scores and Honesty-Humility (p<.01) where identified. Honesty-Humility predicted Dark Triad scores (p<.01). Dark Triad scores predicted the classification of participants in groups, according to their decision in the first PDG simulation (p<.01), while Honesty/Humility and Impulsivity were not significant predictors.Conclusions: Simulated social situations can serve as situational judgment tests in an effort to develop new measures of personality and a better understanding in the underpinning mechanisms between personality traits and intended behavior in ethical dilemmas and moral judgment.

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The Dark Tetrad and aesthetic preferences: The role of the dark side of personality in the aesthetic preference for paintings

Primenjena psihologija ◽

10.19090/pp.2021.4.443-463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 443-463

Author(s):

Lana Tucaković ◽

Slobodan Marković

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Dark Side ◽

Domains Of Life ◽

Significant Regression ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

The One ◽

The Relationship ◽

Aesthetic Preferences

The role of so-called normal and dark personality traits in everyday preferences, interests, and choices is visible in different domains of life. However, a small number of studies have dealt with individual differences in dark personality traits and aesthetic preferences. The domain of dark personality traits is in recent studies generally conceptualized as the Dark Tetrad — comprised of Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and sadism. Thus, the aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the Dark Tetrad and visual aesthetic preferences. The sample consisted of 170 participants (Mage = 29.09, SDage = 10.66; 77.1 % females). Participants completed the Short Dark Triad and the Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies questionnaires, and also rated their familiarity and preference for 15 paintings with five different types of motives (religious, abstract, oriental, violence, and landscape). It was shown, based on looking at zero-order correlations that only narcissism positively correlates with the preference for paintings with violent motives. Also, a series of regression analyses were performed, which showed that the only significant regression model is the one that reflects the role of reduced psychopathy in the preference for religious motives. The first finding can be explained on the basis of stable findings on the relationship between narcissism and aggression, and also narcissism and violence. The second finding can be interpreted in the context that general religiosity has previously been shown to be negatively associated with psychopathy. It can be concluded that dark personality traits are one of the factors that affect aesthetic preferences.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000685 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hossein Shahinfar ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Nadia Babaei ◽

Samira Davarzani ◽

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Sample ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

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Subclinical Sadism and the Dark Triad

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000284 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 127-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Laura K. Johnson ◽

Rachel A. Plouffe ◽

Donald H. Saklofske

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

University Students ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Antisocial Personality ◽

Factor Solution ◽

Online Study ◽

Antisocial Personality Traits

Abstract. The Dark Triad is a constellation of three antisocial personality traits: Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy. Recently, researchers have introduced a “Dark Tetrad” that includes subclinical sadism, although others suggest considerable overlap between psychopathy and sadism. To clarify the position of sadism within the Dark Triad, an online study was conducted with 615 university students. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that a six-factor solution fit the data best, representing Machiavellianism, psychopathy, physical sadism, verbal sadism, narcissism, and vicarious sadism. Furthermore, convergent validity was supported through sadism’s correlations with the HEXACO personality traits. The results support sadism’s inclusion within the Dark Tetrad as a unique construct but with some conceptual overlap with psychopathy.

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In Search of the Prosocial Personality

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anja Wertag ◽

Denis Bratko

Keyword(s):

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Self Report ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

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Role of Social Symptomatology in Understanding Dark Triad Personality Traits

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e707472011-001 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca Stead ◽

Cynthia Fekken ◽

Alexandra Kay ◽

Kate Mcdermott

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Dark Triad

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Prediction of dark personality traits and self-destruction based on emotion regulation among adolescent females

10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.2.105 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 109-115

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Adolescent Females ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Targeted Interventions ◽

Difficulties In Emotion Regulation ◽

Academic Year

Background and Aims: Temperament is determined as a relatively constant, basic, and innate position that underlies and modifies the expression of activity, emotionality, and sociability among people. The current study aimed to investigate the prediction of dark personality traits and self-destruction based on emotion regulation among adolescent females. Materials and Methods: This correlational study included 250 adolescent females using a cluster sampling method in the academic year of 2018-19 in Shiraz, Iran. The participants were asked to complete Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Dark Triad Scale, and Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale. Results: The results of the regression analysis showed that emotion regulation with beta coefficients was able to predict significant and positive dark personality traits (0.25), narcissism (0.49), Machiavellianism (0.39), psychopathy (0.32), sadism (0.35), and self-destructiveness (0.49) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Directly targeted interventions to regulate emotion may be useful in addressing risky behaviors of adolescents with self-destructive and dark personality traits.

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PROMETHEE-based ranking of project managers based on the five personality traits

Kybernetes ◽

10.1108/k-10-2018-0551 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 1083-1102

Author(s):

Georgios N. Aretoulis ◽

Jason Papathanasiou ◽

Fani Antoniou

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Multicriteria Decision Making ◽

Project Managers ◽

Preference Ranking ◽

Infrastructure Projects ◽

Public Infrastructure ◽

Content Type ◽

The One ◽

Selection Of

Purpose This paper aims to rank and identify the most efficient project managers (PMs) based on personality traits, using Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) methodology. Design/methodology/approach The proposed methodology relies on the five personality traits. These were used as the selection criteria. A questionnaire survey among 82 experienced engineers was used to estimate the required weights per personality trait. A second two-part questionnaire survey aimed at recording the PMs profile and assess the performance of personality traits per PM. PMs with the most years of experience are selected to be ranked through Visual PROMETHEE. Findings The findings suggest that a competent PM is the one that scores low on the “Neuroticism” trait and high especially on the “Conscientiousness” trait. Research limitations/implications The research applied a psychometric test specifically designed for Greek people. Furthermore, the proposed methodology is based on the personality characteristics to rank the PMs and does not consider the technical skills. Furthermore, the type of project is not considered in the process of ranking PMs. Practical implications The findings could contribute in the selection of the best PM that maximizes the project team’s performance. Social implications Improved project team communication and collaboration leading to improved project performance through better communication and collaboration. This is an additional benefit for the society, especially in the delivery of public infrastructure projects. A lot of public infrastructure projects deviate largely as far as cost and schedule is concerned and this is an additional burden for public and society. Proper project management through efficient PMs would save people’s money and time. Originality/value Identification of the best PMbased on a combination of multicriteria decision-making and psychometric tests, which focus on personality traits.

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Age and gender differences in socially aversive (“dark”) personality traits

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1177/0890207020988435 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089020702098843

Author(s):

Johanna Hartung ◽

Martina Bader ◽

Morten Moshagen ◽

Oliver Wilhelm

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Measurement Models ◽

And Gender ◽

Latent Means

The strong overlap of personality traits discussed under the label of “dark personality” (e.g., psychopathy, spitefulness, moral disengagement) endorses a common framework for socially aversive traits over and beyond the dark triad. Despite the rapidly growing research on socially aversive traits, there is a lack of studies addressing age-associated differences in these traits. In the present study ( N = 12,501), we investigated the structure of the D Factor of Personality across age and gender using local structural equation modeling, thereby expressing the model parameters as a quasi-continuous, nonparametric function of age. Specifically, we evaluated loadings, reliabilities, factor (co-)variances, and means across 35 locally weighted age groups (from 20 to 54 years), separately for females and males. Results indicated that measurement models were highly stable, thereby supporting the conceptualization of the D factor independent of age and gender. Men exhibited uniformly higher latent means than females and all latent means decreased with increasing age. Overall, D and its themes were invariant across age and gender. Therefore, future studies can meaningfully pursue causes of mean differences across age and between genders.

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Cost Determinants of Continuum-Care Episodes for Hip Fracture

Health Services Insights ◽

10.1177/1178632921991122 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 117863292199112

Author(s):

Davide Golinelli ◽

Erik Boetto ◽

Antonio Mazzotti ◽

Simona Rosa ◽

Paola Rucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hip Fracture ◽

Hip Replacement ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Administrative Databases ◽

Intermediate Care ◽

Organizational Setting ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

The One ◽

Acute Rehabilitation

Many factors affect the healthcare costs and outcomes in patients with hip fracture (HF). Through the construction of a Continuum-Care Episode (CCE), we investigated the costs of CCEs for HF and their determinants. We used data extracted from administrative databases of 5094 consecutive elderly patients hospitalized in 2017 in Emilia Romagna, Italy, to evaluate the overall costs of the CCE. We calculated the acute and post-acute costs from the date of the hospital admission to the end of the CCE. The determinants of costs by type of surgical intervention (total hip replacement, partial hip replacement, open reduction, and internal fixation) were investigated using generalized linear regression models. Regardless of the type of surgical intervention, hospital bed-based rehabilitation in public or private healthcare facilities either followed by rehabilitation in a community hospital/temporary nursing home beds or not were the strongest determinants of costs, while rehabilitation in intermediate care facilities alone was associated with lower costs. CCE’s cost and its variability is mainly related to the rehabilitation setting. Cost-wise, intermediate care resulted to be an appropriate setting for providing post-acute rehabilitation for HF, representing the one associated with lower overall costs. Intermediate care organizational setting should be privileged when planning integrated care HF pathways.

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