scholarly journals An Overview of Housing Purchase and Delivery System in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.21) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Arzwin Binti Mohamed Aris ◽  
Mohamed Syazli Fathi ◽  
Aizul Nahar Harun ◽  
Zainai Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Construction Stage ◽  
Financial Transaction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Feature Diagram

Two types of the housing delivery system (HDS) were used in providing houses in the Malaysia market. However concept and differences between this two systems are not yet discussed in the feature diagram in giving comprehensive understanding the process purchasing a house. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the process of purchasing a house using two types of HDS which are Sell then Build (STB) system and Build then Sell (BTS) system in Malaysia. This paper first reviews the timeline of HDS and housing provision in Malaysia and later reviews the differences between Sell then Build (STB) system and Build then Sell (BTS) system in the process purchasing a house. The process of purchasing a house in HDS involves a developer, a house buyer, and a financial institution as depicted in the model diagram. The differences of purchasing a house between the two HDS can obviously seen in the financial transaction during the construction stage in which the developer crucially needs fund in completing housing development. This review also highlights the concept, issues, advantages, and disadvantages of both HDS from the perspective of a developer, a house buyer, and the financial institution.  

A Review on Emerging Floating Drug Delivery System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christe Mary M ◽  
Sasikumar Swamiappan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Gastric Residence Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery System

Presently, various approaches have been exploited in the prolongation of gastric residence time which includes floating drug delivery system (FDDS), swelling and expanding systems, bio-adhesive systems, modified shape systems and high density systems. Among various methods, floating drug delivery system is considered to be a predominant method. Gastric emptying of dosage forms is an extremely varying process and ability to extend and control the emptying time is a valuable resource for the dosage forms. This FDDS is having the ability to provides a solution for this purpose. The FDDS is a bulk density system lower than the gastric fluid, so that the rest will float on the stomach contents for a prolonged period of time and allowing the drug to release slowly at a desired rate from the system and intensifies the bio-availability of the drug having narrow absorption window. The main intension of writing this review on floating drug delivery system is to study the mechanism of flotation to acheive the gastric retention and to discuss briefly about the background of FDDS, advantages and disadvantages, application of FDDS and factors affecting the gastric retension time.

scholarly journals The impact of socio-cultural factors on blended learning in the development of academic literacy in a tertiary vocational context

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Robert Geoffrey Gutteridge
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated key factors impacting on blended learning delivery with particular focus on socio-cultural and human-computer-interface issues, in the hope that the outcome of this enquiry might contribute positively towards the empowerment of learners and facilitators alike. The study involved a group of first year students enrolled in a Communications Skills Course offered by the (then) Department of English and Communication at the Durban University of Technology. The PRINTS Project, a webquest around which the course activities were based, provided an example of a blended delivery course in practice. While the teaching paradigm used in the course was constructivist, the research orientation employed in this project was critical realist. Critical realism focuses on transformation through praxis and also lends itself to modelling, which provides a way to understand the factors at play within a social system. In the preliminary stages of the research, an exploratory empirical (i.e. applied) model of blended learning delivery was formulated from a theoretical model of course delivery in order to assess which factors in blended learning were systemic and which were variables. The investigation then sought to uncover key factors impacting on the blended delivery system, utilising both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The findings were analysed in terms of the empirical model to gain an understanding of any factors that might be seen to either enhance or inhibit learning in blended delivery mode. The result was that certain core issues in blended learning and teaching could be clarified, including the use, advantages and disadvantages of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in a learning environment. The notion of the digital divide could also be reconceptualised, and the relationship between literacy (be it academic, professional or social), power and culture could be further elucidated, drawing specific attention to the South African educational environment. The notion of iv culture and its relevance in a blended delivery environment was also further clarified, since the findings of this research project suggested how and why certain key socio-cultural factors might impact, as both enhancers and inhibitors, on the blended learning delivery system.

Initial Coin Offering (ICO) as a Transformation of Financial Institution of Collective Investment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Babkin ◽  
Diana Burkaltseva ◽  
Andrej Tyulin ◽  
Pulod Azimov ◽  
Oleg Blazhevich
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Basic Tool ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Subject ◽  
New Form ◽  
Training Specialists

In conditions of financial institutions' development it is crucial to examine the transformation in the form of a collective investment institution under the influence of digitalization and, in particular, the emergence of cryptocurrencies. The subject of the research refers to the features of ICO functioning as a transformation of a financial institution for collective investment. The goal is to explore the ICO as a new form of collective investment. The results of the research are achieved through a comprehensive comparative analysis of ICO and IPO as a basic tool of financial institutions. The paper highlights the advantages and disadvantages, identifies the factors, analyzes the institutional regulation of ICO and proposes development vectors from three angles: for project creators, investors, regulators. The results can be used in policymaking, the functioning of joint investment platforms, in training specialists in the field of digital economy and financial markets.

Housing Construction and Economic Dynamics in Largest Cities of Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 1148-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena O. Mirgorodskaya ◽  
Sergey A. Sukhinin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Different Levels

This article analyzes spatial differences and tendencies of development of housing construction in largest cities of Russia. The authors estimate the pace of housing and housing provision in the largest cities of Russia. Based on a comparative analysis cities with different levels of housing development are identified. The authors define the interaction and interdependence of housing construction and economic development of Russia's largest cities.

Housing Provision under Globalisation: A Case Study of Shanghai

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1741-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Housing Investment

Housing provision in China has undergone significant changes since economic reform. In the early stage of reform the objective was to solve the problems that are internal to the socialist economy, namely unrecoverable housing investment and housing shortages. The state adopted policies to ‘commodify’ and ‘decentralise’ housing provision. The mode of provision was transformed from a centrally allocated budget to shared investment contributed by state work-units, local governments, and individual households. Since the 1990s Chinese cities have seen increased foreign investment in real estate development and consequently experienced an unprecedented building boom. Little is know about the impacts of globalisation on housing development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in housing investment and to highlight the dilemma of housing ‘commodification’ in the process of globalisation. Specifically, foreign investment contributed to initial capital formation in real estate development and more importantly helped to create a marketised housing segment. The buoyant market price demonstrated the profitability of real estate, thus attracting more capital into housing development. The combined effect of marketisation and globalisation has led to increasing social spatial differentiation and inadequate housing provision to marginal social groups.

scholarly journals PORPHYSOMES-A PARADIGM SHIFT IN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathy B. Menon ◽  
Lakshmi V. S. ◽  
Aiswarya M. U. ◽  
Keerthana Raju ◽  
Sreeja C. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aqueous Core

A novel drug delivery system is the one that ensures optimum dose at the right time, at the right location. Porphysomes are among those drug delivery systems. Porphysomes are a means of vesicular drug delivery systems. They are liposome-like structures composed completely of porphyrin lipid. The porphysomes encapsulates the active medicament in vesicular structure. They are having an aqueous core which can be loaded with the medicament. They have the capacity to destroy the disease tissues. They absorb the heat in the near infrared region and release this heat to destroy the diseased tissues. Porphysomes are having immense applications in the field of positron-electron therapy (PET), photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy etc. This review article discusses regarding the Porphysome-the drug delivery system, its advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, applications and various aspects related to the porphysomal drug delivery.

Arithmetic in Maya Numerals

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. French Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Place Value ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Root Extraction ◽  
Two Systems

AbstractArithmetical procedures, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square root extraction, are demonstrated using the Maya numerals. All procedures can be carried out efficiently. The Maya system is relatively unique in that it combines properties of both place-value and non-place-value numerical systems. The Babylonian system, discussed briefly, also utilizes a mixture of properties from the two systems. In order to take into account the unique hybrid characteristics of these two systems, as well as the subtractive principle of the Roman numerals, we here define a third category of numerical systems designated as mixed-place-value in type. The three types of numerical systems are compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each are mentioned. The evolutionary development of numerical systems in relation to the mathematical needs of societies is discussed.

scholarly journals Niosomes: Potential Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Ashish Suttee ◽  
Vijay Mishra ◽  
Pallavi Nayak ◽  
Manvendra Singh ◽  
Pavani Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Drug Degradation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Traditional Drug

Niosomes are novel vesicular drug delivery systems, where the solution is surrounded by non-ionic surfactant vesicles. The niosomes offer different benefits over the traditional drug delivery system. Niosomes are structurally similar to liposomes, as they also consist of a bilayer. In the case of niosomes, the bilayer consists of non-ionic surface-active agents instead of phospholipids, as seen in liposomes. Niosomes are much more stable during the process of formulation and storage, as compared to liposomes. Niosomes may resolve the issues of insolubility, volatility, poor bioavailability, and rapid drug degradation. It has been discovered in recent years that, these vesicles can enhance drug bioavailability and can act as a new strategy to deliver many conventional therapeutic agents, such as, protein drugs, and gene materials. It is also easy to prepare and scale up this novel delivery system with low production costs. The delivery of drugs via niosomal formulations may be relevant to several pharmacological agents for their activity against different diseases. The present review provides an overview about the advantages and disadvantages, fabrication techniques, types, characterization technique, and different applications of niosomes.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON FLOATING TABLET

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Chanchal . ◽  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Satinder Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Floating Tablet ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Pharmaceutical industries have received much interest in pharmaceutical research in the area of oral drug delivery more over on Gastro retentive drug delivery system that is Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS).The objective of this study to review on FDDS focusing on its current advancement and its future. Floating systems are low density systems that have sufficiently buoyancy to flow over the gastric contents and remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. Floating dosage forms can be prepared as tablets, capsule by adding suitable ingredients with excipients like hydrocolloids, inert fatty materials and buoyancy increasing agents. Various categories of drugs like antacids, antidiabetic, antifungal and anticancer drugs are formulated into FDDS. FDDS have bulk density less than gastric fluids that have sufficient buoyancy to float over the gastric contents and remain in the stomach for longer duration of time. This review article is in pursuit of giving detailed information on the pharmaceutical basis of their design, classification, advantages and disadvantages, factors affecting gastric residence time of FDDS, applications, and formulation of floating tablet.

An Investigation Into Modeling and Solution Strategies for Optimal Design and Control

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Reyer ◽  
Panos Y. Papalambros
Keyword(s):  
System Level ◽  
Simple Problem ◽  
Concurrent Design ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Solution Strategies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Embodiment Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monotonicity Analysis

Abstract Combined optimal embodiment design and control is increasingly necessary in designing modern artifacts. Several strategies for achieving such a system-level optimum were examined previously in the context of a case study. Since different strategies often lead to different results, a more comprehensive understanding of the relative advantages and disadvantages of these “concurrent design” processes is desirable. The present article explores this question using a very simple problem to demonstrate the complexities involved. Monotonicity analysis and a decomposition framework help explain the reasons for arriving at different results, even unexpectedly. Conclusions are drawn regarding the effectiveness of the various modeling formulations.

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