scholarly journals The Evaluation of Effect of 60-Days Sodium Benzoate Administration on Phase Composition of The Tibia’ Regenerate by Two-Way Anova

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Evgeniy N. Krikun ◽  
Vladyslav V. Luzin ◽  
Olga N. Fastova ◽  
Vitaliy N. Morozov ◽  
Elena N. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

Currently, sodium benzoate is widely used in the food industry, cosmetology and medicine. The literature provides information about the effect of its introduction on the growth and shaping of bones, the parameters of the crystal lattice of the regenerate formed therein. However, information about the effect of this food additive on the phase composition of the bone regenerate being formed and the degree of this influence is practically absent, which was the purpose of the study. The experiment was conducted on 210 white male rats, divided into 6 groups: 1st - control animals, 2nd and 3rd - rats, daily receiving intragastrically 1 ml of sodium benzoate 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively for 60 days. The 4th group - rats being inflicted a defect in both tibial bones, and the 5th and 6th - rats being inflicted a defect after the end of the 60-day injection of sodium benzoate. The timing of the experiment after the introduction of sodium benzoate was 3, 10, 15, 24 and 45 days. The area of the forming regenerate of tibial bones was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis: the percentage content in the mineral of the regenerate of whitlockite, hydroxylapatite and calcite was calculated by the method of internal control. The impact of the introduction of sodium benzoate and the application of the defect on the above indicators was evaluated by two-factor analysis of variance. The results of the study showed that 60-day administration of sodium benzoate leads to an increase in the amorphism of the biomineral of the forming regenerate of tibial bones, the severity and recovery rate of which depends on its administered dose. Thus, the group being inflicted the defect of the tibial bones after the completion of the 60-day administration of sodium benzoate at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day had greater calcite content on day 10 to 45 by 17.88%, 12.88% and 6.63%, and whitlockite - on day 3, 24 and 45 by 14.30%, 4.52% and 6.20%, and hydroxylapatite - less on day 15 to 45 by 3.11%, 3.31% and 2.14%, compared with the defect-inflicted group without the introduction of sodium benzoate. An increase in the administered dose of sodium benzoate up to 1000 mg/kg/day led to aggravation of the identified deviations: the whitlockite content on day 3, 24, and 45 was higher by 16.15%, 6.21% and 9.54%, and the hydroxylapatite content on day 15 to 45 was lower by 3.98%, 4.16% and 3.34%. The conducted two-factor analysis of variance showed that the introduction of sodium benzoate had a significant effect on the change in the content of calcite, whitlockite and hydroxylapatite in the regenerate, the strength and duration of which depends on its administered dose. The maximum power of influence was registered for the increased content of calcite and the decreased content of hydroxylapatite in the mineral of the regenerate on day 45 of the experiment, and for the increased content of whitlockite - on day 3. When a defect was inflicted, the power of influence was maximal for the increased content of calcite and decreased content of hydroxylapatite on day 10, and the increased content of whitlockite - on day 15. In this case, a reverse dose-dependent effect was observed in all periods of the experiment.  

scholarly journals Combined effect of glyphosphate, saccharin and sodium benzoate on rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
N. M. Tishkina ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz ◽  
P. M. Gavrilin ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
The Impact

Herbicides and food additives are included in many food products for humans. Non-used products or products beyond their expiry date are deposited in places of utilizatioin of solid municipal wastes, where they can take effects on the organisms of mouse-like rodents. Among the herbicides, glyphosphate takes first place in the world for volume of production, and is the most intensely used in agricultural farming. The discussion about negative impact on the organisms of mammals, especially against the background of using various substances and environmental factors, continues. In this study, we determined the combined effect of glyphosphate and food additives on the organism of laboratory animals, which manifested in changes in body weight, condition and indices of mass of the internal organs and blood parameters. Four groups of laboratory male rats were formed, which over 42 days received: unlimited access to clean water; 1% aqueous solution of glyphosate; 1% solution of glyphosphate and 1% solution sodium benzoate; 1% solution of glyphosphate with 1% solution of saccharin. Glyphosphate and glyphosphate with sodium benzoate and saccharin significantly reduced the daily increases in body weight of animals compared to the control group. The studied substances have notable suppressive effect on the immune system and haematopoiesis in general, which is manifested in reduce of relative mass of the thymus and spleen against the background of increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The inhibition of haematopoiesis is indicated by decrease in the amount of erythrocytes, neurophils and hemoglobin of blood of animals from the experimental groups. The impact on the digestive system of glyphosphate and food additives is indicated by occurance of the effect of “irritation” of mucous membranes, and, as a result, disorders in absorption followed by the disorder in metabolic processes. A dysbalance occurs in enzymic systems of the organism, which is manifested in distrophic processes, especially in the liver parenchyma, indicated by the activity of blood enzymes (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), total number and ratio of proteins of blood plasma. We determined the impact of glyphosphate and its mixes with benzoate and saccharin on the pancreas, which manifests in severe pancreatitis with steep increase in the level of glucose of blood. The results of the study allow us to state that mixture of glyphosphate and food additives can cause toxic effect in animals and humans, which often contact with herbicides.

scholarly journals Graphite phases in chemical vapour deposited grown ZrC/graphite layers

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2248) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan A. Pretorius ◽  
Johan B. Malherbe
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Graphite Phase ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Influence Of Impurities

The graphitic phases detected in chemical vapour deposited (CVD) ZrC layers were characterized by glancing angle X-ray diffraction. The layers were deposited at different temperatures ranging from 1250 to 1450°C in steps of 50°C. The precursors used were ZrCl 4 and CH 4 in the presence of hydrogen and argon. A total of seven graphitic phases were detected, five of which have been reported in the literature. However, two new hexagonal graphitic phases, P-6m2 (187) and P-62c (190), were also detected. It is proposed that the appearance of these two (new) phases was due to the influence of impurities in the growth region on the growth kinetics. A comprehensive phase identification process was followed to index all observed diffraction lines, followed by Rietveld analysis, to report on phase composition and crystalline properties. A distinct increase in overall graphite phase composition is observed at the higher CVD temperatures, which confirms the impact from graphitization.

The Impact of Student-Teacher Pairings on Teacher Effectiveness

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Teacher Effectiveness ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact

This study tests the hypothesis that types of students tend to differ in the benefit that they receive from various types of teachers. Factor analysis was used to identify four types of students (kindergarten children) and four types of teachers. The findings from the analysis of variance procedure were that a certain type of teacher was significantly more effective with one type of student than with another. The knowledge that different types of teachers tend to differ in the success they have with the same type of student, and that different types of students tend to differ in the benefit they receive from the same type of teacher might provide a basis for the matching of students with teachers.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF LOW FLUORINE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE TISSUE LEVEL OF HSP FAMILY PROTEINS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 604-608
Author(s):  
Anna G. Zhukova ◽  
L. G. Gorokhova ◽  
A. V. Kiseleva ◽  
T. G. Sazontova ◽  
N. N. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
White Male ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Sensitive Organ ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Fluoride in high concentrations has a toxic effect not only on bone tissue but also on the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. In the implementation of the response to toxic doses of fluorine the proteins of the HSP family are involved regulating intracellular and tissue homeostasis under various stress effects. The toxic effect of high fluorine concentrations the mechanisms of which are disclosed in fluorosis can be realized and at a level significantly lower than a toxic one. In the literature, there is little data on the peculiarities of the effects of low fluorine concentrations at the tissue and cellular levels. The aim of the study. To investigate the impact of low fluorine concentrations on the tissue level of HSP family proteins in the brain and liver of laboratory animals. Material and methods. The experiments were carried out on 60 white male rats of the same age weighing 200-250 g. The rats were divided into 2 groups: the control and the group of the animals exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) within 6 weeks (at a concentration of 10 mg/l corresponding to the daily fluorine dose of 1.2 mg/kg per body weight). We determined the level of inducible HSP72 and HSP32 (heme-oxygenase-1) referred to proteins of HSP family (Heat shock proteins), the activity of free radical processes and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase) in the brain and liver tissues. Results. The important role of stress-inducible HSP72 protein in protecting the brain from the damage caused by the prolonged exposure to low fluorine concentrations was shown. In the liver, a protective role against fluoride exposure is played by the protein HSP32 with antioxidant properties. At the tissue level, the prolongation of the terms of the development of chronic fluoride intoxication with low fluorine concentrations was revealed. In the liver appeared to be the highly sensitive organ to the fluorine accumulation, the significant lesion was detected.

scholarly journals Combined effect of glyphosate, saccharin and sodium benzoate on the gut microbiota of rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Bilan ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
N. M. Tishkina ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Glyphosate is the main component of many broadly used herbicides due to its safety for humans and animals. It is known that the remains of glyphosate are present in allowable doses in fodders and food products, and, consumrd in low doses, it is found in insignificant amounts in milk, eggs and even in the internal organs (liver, kidneys) of animals. For determining combined impact of glyphosate and the commonest food additives on the composition of microbiota of animals, four groups of laboratory male rats were formed, which during 42 days consumed pure water without any restrictions; 1% aqueous solution of glyphosate; 1% solution of glyphosate in combination with 1% solution of sodium benzoate; 1% solution of glyphosate with 1% solution of saccharin. After killing the animals, 1 g of feces were collected and by serial dilutions with 10–1 to 10–9 sterile physiologic solution, a microbiological analysis was undertaken. Out of each dilution an inoculation of the studied material to the elective growth media was performed, by 0.1 cm3, then the material was incubated in a thermostat (24–72 hours, temperature 37 °С), the results were recorded after 24–72 h. The microorganisms were identified by studying morphological parameters, tinctorial, cultural and enzymic properties. Results are provided in CFU/g (colony-forming unit per gramm) of feces. The impact of glyphosate and glyphosate with food additives led to no changes in the number of Escherichia coli and emergence of this species of microorganism with changed enzymic activity. Also no changes occurred in the number of microorganisms of Bifidobactrium and Lactobacillus spp. Addition of glyphosate, and also glyphosate in combination with saccharin to the diet contributes to broader reproduction of microorganisms of Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas genera. Mixtures of glyphosate and food additives allow conditionally pathogenic yeast-like Candida fungi (Candida glabrata and C. albicans) to spread more widely in the intestine. Significant fluctuations in the number of Enterococcus spp. bacteria genus were observed: by 80 times within range of each of the three experimental groups of rats with addition of herbicide with benzoate and saccharin to the diet.

scholarly journals Monitoring the impact of tyre inflation pressure on tensile properties of forest tractors

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
M. Helexa
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses monitoring of the impact of tyre inflation pressure on tensile properties of forest tractors. The <br />LKT 81 T forest tractor, manufactured byZŤS TEES, Martin (Slovak Republic) and widely used in Slovakia, was specifically chosen as the mechanised vehicle to be monitored. Tensile properties were examined using standard tensile tests, with a Tatra freight vehicle serving as the load vehicle. Actual measurements were performed on a concrete surface and on soil characterised as gravelly loam whose average moisture was 38%. The statistical methods used to verify the impact of significance from changes in tyre inflation pressure on selected tensile indicators were multi-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student&rsquo;s t-test. Even though statistical analysis failed to directly confirm significance in the impact of changes of tyre inflation pressure on selected load indicators for a forest tractor fitted with standard tyres, positive changes can be discerned in measured dependencies. The article concludes with a discussion of the results obtained and their possible application in operational practice.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF EWES ON HEREDITARY AND CHANGABLE SELECTION TRAITS OF PROGENY

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
V. Mykytiuk ◽  
O. Severov
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Polygenic Effect ◽  
Maternal Genotype ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Impact ◽  
Three Factor

Organization of the system of conduct of breeding process during consolidation of the new-created types of domestic animals is not possible without application of all complex of genetic and statistic parameters, determining the condition, effectiveness and further progress of breeding work in active part of population. The special place is given to widespread use of analysis of variance, giving possibility to substantiate the results of experiments in stock-breeding and also to reveal statistically influence on changeability of a trait, which is studied, as for each factor separately and sofor their total action. Study wascarried out on materials of primary zootechnic and breeding accounting of sheep at "Runo" SE experimental farm of Dnepropetrovsk region. The program of researches included information about condition of basic economic-useful traits of ewes and their daughters and determination of character of their inheritance depending on condition and development of these traits at ewes. The analysis of variance was conducted on the basis of determination of degree of influence, as for three basic quantitative traitsin common, and so for each oneseparately, in general changeability of a trait. The importance of relationship of the investigated organized factors (live weight, length of wool, wool clip) at mothers was determined on the inheritance of the traits by their daughters by the method of three-factor analysis of variance. This method was offered by R. Fisher, its basis is decomposition of general dispersion on components consisting of the organized and casual factors. Primary material of researches was worked out biometrical according to methods of E. K. Merkuryeva with the use of Microsoft Ecxel and STATISTICA 6.0. Thearticlepresentsthe results of using different methods of statistical analysis of quantitative productive traits at the female lambs of Dnepropetrovsk type of Ascanian Meat-and-Wool breed under the influence of mothers. In terms of practical breeding it is important to know how the differences in productivity of ewes are inherited by their offspring. Analysing productivity of daughters and their mothers in coeval periods, we found significant differences. Daughter dominated their mothers significantly (live weight by 6.8-30.9 %, unwashed wool clip by 11.5-48.8 %) (P> 0.999) by these productive characteristics excluding length of wool.The impact of combined effect of live weight, length and wool clip of mothers on inheritance of daughters’ live weight was determined by three-factor analysis of variance. The results showed that the total share of variance due to the influence of organized factors of mothers’genotypeswas 12.2 %, while the amount of other unaccounted factors was 87.8 %.The following results were obtained at determining the impact of factors, conditioned by maternal genotype. Thus, the total impact of the interaction of three factors of mothers on daughters’ live weight was 4.5%. The combined effect of the interaction of live weight and length wool was most significant– 77.5%, and directly the influence of live weight of mothers oninheritance of this trait in daughters was 10.2% of the total impact of factors, conditioned by maternal genes. But it should be noted that only the impact of mothers’ live weight and total effect of two factors, namely live weight and wool clip (P>0.999), was significant, despite the fact that the percentage of share was 10.2% and 7.6% respectively.At the same time, the combined interaction of three factors of mothers’influence on woollength was 18 %, and of each one separately was 0-0.6 %. It is quite predictably thatthe total impact of the interaction of live weight and length wool was most significant – 50.7 % infactorialvariance and 1.7 % in general one, but the figure was below the probability (P < 0.95). Analysis of the impact of these factors in genetic diversity of influence of motherson daughters’wool clip showed that despite the smallest percentage in the total variance ofimpact of genotypic features of mothers on the manifestation of this trait in daughters – 2% the combined interaction of three factors in factorial variance (ABC) was most significant – 30.0%. Live weight and wool clip of mothers collectively influenced most significantly on variability of wool clip, as evidenced by the high level of interactioninfluence of the above-mentioned characteristics and contributionin factorial variance – 50.6% (P> 0.999). Thus, studies have shown ambiguous nature of the impact of maternal genes on traits expressionin daughters. The essence of this process is not linear and confirms the difficulty in the perception of inheritance as whole and for informal consideration it is clear that pleiotropic as well as polygenic effect of genes is not simply the sum of these genes. In view of the above, it can be argued that keeping in sheep breeding process should be carried out not only as the development of economically useful traits of daughters, but given their inheritance depending on the state and development of these traits in ewes.

Dose-dependent reproductive toxicity of sodium benzoate in male rats: Inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Lamiaa El-Shennawy ◽  
Maher Abd El-naby Kamel ◽  
Asmaa Hassan Younis Khalaf ◽  
Mokhtar Ibrahim Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA WHILE USING ANTIAGGREGANTS AND PANTOPRAZOLE (AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235
Author(s):  
Alla G. Yankovetska ◽  
Serhii V. Vernyhorodskyi ◽  
Iryna G. Paliy ◽  
Serhii V. Zaika
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Apoptotic Activity ◽  
The Impact

The aim: Was to characterize the morphological peculiarities of the gastric mucosa at early stage of prescription of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel as well as to study the impact of pantoprazole on the gastric mucosa to optimize the prophylaxis and treatment of gastropathies induced by ASA and clopidogrel. Materials and methods: The experiments were performed on 77 non-linear white male rats with the average weight of 150-180 g. Depending on the aim of research, the animals were divided into 7 groups. Results: The administration of pantoprazole in combination with ASA and clopidogrel presented positive trends in neutral glycoproteins amount and contributes to preventing GM necrotic lesions by amplification of protective properties of mucus and stabilization of apoptotic activity of gastric epithelial cells. Conclusions: 1. According to our study findings, administration of ASA in combination with clopidogrel results in 2,5 times higher risk of GM erosive lesions. 2. One of the most significant morphological manifestations of gastropathy in ASA and clopidogrel regimen is the development of microerosions, which are poorly diagnosed by macroscopic examination. 3. The use of PAS-reaction makes possible to identify damage to the basal membrane of superficial epitheliocytes, which may be a top-priority morphological criterion of gastropathy induced by ASA or clopidogrel in the absence of an inflammatory reaction. 4. Administration of pantoprazole in combination with ASA and clopidogrel contributes to preventing GM necrotic lesions by amplification of protective properties of mucus and stabilization of apoptotic activity of gastric epithelial cells.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes in the Hepatic Tissue at the Impact of Industrial Copper-bearing Dust in the Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 653-656
Author(s):  
Khamida R. Abdikadirova ◽  
Kymbat Ye. Amreyeva ◽  
Saule B. Zhautikova ◽  
Olga A. Kostyleva ◽  
Fatima S. Abikenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dual Core

BACKGROUND: It is known that an increased intake of copper (Cu) has an adverse effect, and above all leads to the defeat of parenchymal organs, including liver tissue. AIM: This study the morphological changes in the hepatic tissue at the impact of polymetallic Cu dust. METHODS: An experimental study was carried out on the outbred white male rats. Dust was injected once intratracheally at a dose of 50 mg. For dynamic observation, the animals were killed in 1, 3, and 6 months with the control group using instant decapitation. The Balkhash industrial polymetallic dust with a predominant Cu content (Cu-0.6%) was used for the study. Morphological changes were assessed using histological and morphometric methods. RESULTS: Morphometric examination of liver tissue at 30 days showed Vv necrosis increasing in 320 times in Group 2 (p < 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 121 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 19.91 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 23 times (p < 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 2.82 times (p < 0.001) in comparison with Group 1. Vv portal tracts are not reliably changed. In 90 days, there were also the following morphometric parameters increasing in comparison with the control group: Vv necrosis – in 522 times (p < 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 395 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 26.7 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 314 times (p < 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 13.27 times (p < 0.001). On the 180 day of the experiment, there was the increasing of Vv infiltrates in 421 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 34.09 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 411 times (p < 0.001), and Vv fibrosis – in 54.09 times (p < 0.001) CONCLUSION: The impact of polymetallic dust with 0.6% Cu concentration at the early stages leads to the changes in the liver in the form of reactive hepatitis with the following transformation into portal-type hepatitis.

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