scholarly journals Combined effect of glyphosate, saccharin and sodium benzoate on the gut microbiota of rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Bilan ◽  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
N. M. Tishkina ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Glyphosate is the main component of many broadly used herbicides due to its safety for humans and animals. It is known that the remains of glyphosate are present in allowable doses in fodders and food products, and, consumrd in low doses, it is found in insignificant amounts in milk, eggs and even in the internal organs (liver, kidneys) of animals. For determining combined impact of glyphosate and the commonest food additives on the composition of microbiota of animals, four groups of laboratory male rats were formed, which during 42 days consumed pure water without any restrictions; 1% aqueous solution of glyphosate; 1% solution of glyphosate in combination with 1% solution of sodium benzoate; 1% solution of glyphosate with 1% solution of saccharin. After killing the animals, 1 g of feces were collected and by serial dilutions with 10–1 to 10–9 sterile physiologic solution, a microbiological analysis was undertaken. Out of each dilution an inoculation of the studied material to the elective growth media was performed, by 0.1 cm3, then the material was incubated in a thermostat (24–72 hours, temperature 37 °С), the results were recorded after 24–72 h. The microorganisms were identified by studying morphological parameters, tinctorial, cultural and enzymic properties. Results are provided in CFU/g (colony-forming unit per gramm) of feces. The impact of glyphosate and glyphosate with food additives led to no changes in the number of Escherichia coli and emergence of this species of microorganism with changed enzymic activity. Also no changes occurred in the number of microorganisms of Bifidobactrium and Lactobacillus spp. Addition of glyphosate, and also glyphosate in combination with saccharin to the diet contributes to broader reproduction of microorganisms of Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Pseudomonas genera. Mixtures of glyphosate and food additives allow conditionally pathogenic yeast-like Candida fungi (Candida glabrata and C. albicans) to spread more widely in the intestine. Significant fluctuations in the number of Enterococcus spp. bacteria genus were observed: by 80 times within range of each of the three experimental groups of rats with addition of herbicide with benzoate and saccharin to the diet.

scholarly journals Combined effect of glyphosphate, saccharin and sodium benzoate on rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Lieshchova ◽  
N. M. Tishkina ◽  
A. A. Bohomaz ◽  
P. M. Gavrilin ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
The Impact

Herbicides and food additives are included in many food products for humans. Non-used products or products beyond their expiry date are deposited in places of utilizatioin of solid municipal wastes, where they can take effects on the organisms of mouse-like rodents. Among the herbicides, glyphosphate takes first place in the world for volume of production, and is the most intensely used in agricultural farming. The discussion about negative impact on the organisms of mammals, especially against the background of using various substances and environmental factors, continues. In this study, we determined the combined effect of glyphosphate and food additives on the organism of laboratory animals, which manifested in changes in body weight, condition and indices of mass of the internal organs and blood parameters. Four groups of laboratory male rats were formed, which over 42 days received: unlimited access to clean water; 1% aqueous solution of glyphosate; 1% solution of glyphosphate and 1% solution sodium benzoate; 1% solution of glyphosphate with 1% solution of saccharin. Glyphosphate and glyphosphate with sodium benzoate and saccharin significantly reduced the daily increases in body weight of animals compared to the control group. The studied substances have notable suppressive effect on the immune system and haematopoiesis in general, which is manifested in reduce of relative mass of the thymus and spleen against the background of increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The inhibition of haematopoiesis is indicated by decrease in the amount of erythrocytes, neurophils and hemoglobin of blood of animals from the experimental groups. The impact on the digestive system of glyphosphate and food additives is indicated by occurance of the effect of “irritation” of mucous membranes, and, as a result, disorders in absorption followed by the disorder in metabolic processes. A dysbalance occurs in enzymic systems of the organism, which is manifested in distrophic processes, especially in the liver parenchyma, indicated by the activity of blood enzymes (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), total number and ratio of proteins of blood plasma. We determined the impact of glyphosphate and its mixes with benzoate and saccharin on the pancreas, which manifests in severe pancreatitis with steep increase in the level of glucose of blood. The results of the study allow us to state that mixture of glyphosphate and food additives can cause toxic effect in animals and humans, which often contact with herbicides.

scholarly journals The Possible Effects of Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Benzoate as Food Additives on The Liver in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Hashem Radwan ◽  
MM Elghazaly ◽  
KK Abdel Aziz ◽  
AI Barakat ◽  
H Kh Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

Common food additives endorsed by Food and drug Organization "FDA" are utilized to preserve taste. The display think about examined the perilous impacts of sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate and their blend which utilized in fabricating of the food additives on a few biochemical parameters and  histo-pathological examination in male rats. Male rats were divided into four groups; group I utilized as control, group II and III were treated orally with sodium nitrite NaNO2 (80 mg/kg BW) and sodium benzoate (SB) (200 mg/kg BW), separately. Group IV was treated orally with the blend of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate. Rats were managed their dosages each day for 8 weeks. It appeared that sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate and their blend (NaNO2 and SB) initiated a critical increment within the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase "AST", alanine aminotransferase "ALT". Antioxidant proteins (GSH, CAT) within the liver tissue recorded a decrease while, MDA recorded an increase action level within the tested groups. Over expression in p53 happened in exploratory groups which were treated by NaNO2, SB and their blend. The present study concluded that the blend of food additives can actuate harmfulness within the liver of rats. In conclusion, it is noted that food additives induced hepatotoxicity within the liver. It diminished the antioxidant chemicals (GSH, CAT) and elevated the activity level of the MDA and increment tumor silencer quality p53 in liver tissue. Food additive substances caused changes in biochemical parameters (ALT, AST). The utilization of food additives must be diminished. The usage of the mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium benzoate induced changes in biochemical parameters and immune-histopathology.    

scholarly journals The impact of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the human gut microbiome and its fibre fermentation capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3213-3230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
Katie Bryden ◽  
Xiufen Chen ◽  
Eleftheria Papachristou ◽  
Anais Verney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Sodium Sulphite ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Polysorbate 80 ◽  
Fermentation Capacity ◽  
Dishwashing Detergent ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the effect of food additives, artificial sweeteners and domestic hygiene products on the gut microbiome and fibre fermentation capacity. Methods Faecal samples from 13 healthy volunteers were fermented in batch cultures with food additives (maltodextrin, carboxymethyl cellulose, polysorbate-80, carrageenan-kappa, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate, sodium sulphite, titanium dioxide), sweeteners (aspartame-based sweetener, sucralose, stevia) and domestic hygiene products (toothpaste and dishwashing detergent). Short-chain fatty acid production was measured with gas chromatography. Microbiome composition was characterised with 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Acetic acid increased in the presence of maltodextrin and the aspartame-based sweetener and decreased with dishwashing detergent or sodium sulphite. Propionic acid increased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 and butyrate decreased dramatically with cinnamaldehyde and dishwashing detergent. Branched-chain fatty acids decreased with maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener, cinnamaldehyde, sodium benzoate and dishwashing detergent. Microbiome Shannon α-diversity increased with stevia and decreased with dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde. Sucralose, cinnamaldehyde, titanium dioxide, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent shifted microbiome community structure; the effects were most profound with dishwashing detergent (R2 = 43.9%, p = 0.008) followed by cinnamaldehyde (R2 = 12.8%, p = 0.016). Addition of dishwashing detergent and cinnamaldehyde increased the abundance of operational taxonomic unit (OTUs) belonging to Escherichia/Shigella and Klebsiella and decreased members of Firmicutes, including OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Addition of sucralose and carrageenan-kappa also increased the abundance of Escherichia/Shigella and sucralose, sodium sulphite and polysorbate-80 did likewise to Bilophila. Polysorbate-80 decreased the abundance of OTUs of Faecalibacterium and Subdoligranulum. Similar effects were observed with the concentration of major bacterial groups using qPCR. In addition, maltodextrin, aspartame-based sweetener and sodium benzoate promoted the growth of Bifidobacterium whereas sodium sulphite, carrageenan-kappa, polysorbate-80 and dishwashing detergent had an inhibitory effect. Conclusions This study improves understanding of how additives might affect the gut microbiota composition and its fibre metabolic activity with many possible implications for human health.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Effect of 60-Days Sodium Benzoate Administration on Phase Composition of The Tibia’ Regenerate by Two-Way Anova

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Evgeniy N. Krikun ◽  
Vladyslav V. Luzin ◽  
Olga N. Fastova ◽  
Vitaliy N. Morozov ◽  
Elena N. Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dose Dependent

Currently, sodium benzoate is widely used in the food industry, cosmetology and medicine. The literature provides information about the effect of its introduction on the growth and shaping of bones, the parameters of the crystal lattice of the regenerate formed therein. However, information about the effect of this food additive on the phase composition of the bone regenerate being formed and the degree of this influence is practically absent, which was the purpose of the study. The experiment was conducted on 210 white male rats, divided into 6 groups: 1st - control animals, 2nd and 3rd - rats, daily receiving intragastrically 1 ml of sodium benzoate 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day, respectively for 60 days. The 4th group - rats being inflicted a defect in both tibial bones, and the 5th and 6th - rats being inflicted a defect after the end of the 60-day injection of sodium benzoate. The timing of the experiment after the introduction of sodium benzoate was 3, 10, 15, 24 and 45 days. The area of the forming regenerate of tibial bones was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis: the percentage content in the mineral of the regenerate of whitlockite, hydroxylapatite and calcite was calculated by the method of internal control. The impact of the introduction of sodium benzoate and the application of the defect on the above indicators was evaluated by two-factor analysis of variance. The results of the study showed that 60-day administration of sodium benzoate leads to an increase in the amorphism of the biomineral of the forming regenerate of tibial bones, the severity and recovery rate of which depends on its administered dose. Thus, the group being inflicted the defect of the tibial bones after the completion of the 60-day administration of sodium benzoate at a dose of 500 mg/kg/day had greater calcite content on day 10 to 45 by 17.88%, 12.88% and 6.63%, and whitlockite - on day 3, 24 and 45 by 14.30%, 4.52% and 6.20%, and hydroxylapatite - less on day 15 to 45 by 3.11%, 3.31% and 2.14%, compared with the defect-inflicted group without the introduction of sodium benzoate. An increase in the administered dose of sodium benzoate up to 1000 mg/kg/day led to aggravation of the identified deviations: the whitlockite content on day 3, 24, and 45 was higher by 16.15%, 6.21% and 9.54%, and the hydroxylapatite content on day 15 to 45 was lower by 3.98%, 4.16% and 3.34%. The conducted two-factor analysis of variance showed that the introduction of sodium benzoate had a significant effect on the change in the content of calcite, whitlockite and hydroxylapatite in the regenerate, the strength and duration of which depends on its administered dose. The maximum power of influence was registered for the increased content of calcite and the decreased content of hydroxylapatite in the mineral of the regenerate on day 45 of the experiment, and for the increased content of whitlockite - on day 3. When a defect was inflicted, the power of influence was maximal for the increased content of calcite and decreased content of hydroxylapatite on day 10, and the increased content of whitlockite - on day 15. In this case, a reverse dose-dependent effect was observed in all periods of the experiment.  

Microbiological analysis of popular spreads used in restaurants inside Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Tasnia Ahmed ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Acceptable Result ◽  
Fast Foods ◽  
Public Consumption ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Almost All

Spreads are used widely for making the fast foods more amazing and tasty. Varieties and cross combinations of ingredients are used to make many flavours of fast foods. Different restaurants prepare their signature spreads for attracting people but this can cause opposite result if not prepared using high quality raw materials and proper hygienic conditions are not maintained. Current study was conducted on ten different types of spreads (pesto, cilantro, queso, tomato sauce, peanut butter, honey, mustard, cream cheese, chocolate sauce and butter) which are used by the local restaurants in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Almost all the samples (nine out of ten) harbored total viable bacteria exceeding the standard limit. Four spread samples showed high fungal count (102 cfu/gm). Four samples showed to be positive (˃101/ml recommended acceptable count) for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. which indicates that these spread cannot be recommended for public consumption. Among all the samples examined, only chocolate sauce showed acceptable result without the presence of coliforms, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. This finding suggests proper maintenance of sanitation in spread preparation and selling area. A proper guidelines and monitoring can help keep up the quality of food additives. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 16-19

THYMUS VARIABILITY IN WHITE RATS EXPOSED TO FORMALDEHYDE

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
V.N. Voloshin ◽  
I.S. Voloshina ◽  
I.Yu. Vash
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Formaldehyde Inhalation

The aim of the paper is to study thymus variability in white rats, which were exposed to formaldehyde, and to compare these data with the indicators in control animals. Materials and Methods. The trial enrolled 72 white male rats, initial body weight 40–50 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups (36 rats in each). The first group consisted of control rats. Animals of the second group were exposed to formaldehyde inhalation, 2.766 mg/m3. To characterize the variability of the organ size, centroids were determined. The superposition of landmark configurations was performed using the generalized Procrustes analysis method, MorphoJ 1.06d program. The principal component analysis and canonical analysis of the obtained data were carried out. Results. One-Way ANOVA revealed a high level of intergroup differences in Procrust distance (F=1.34; p<0.0001). The significant effect of the duration of formaldehyde exposure on centroid size was established. The Kruskal-Wallis criterion was 19.778 (p=0.0014). The analysis of the principal components indicated that each of the first 10 components stands for more than 1 % of Procrustes coordinate variance. In this case, the first 7 components compatibly explain 91.398 % of thymus variability. The proportion of the first main component to the total variance of the Procrustes coordinates is 40.236 %. PC1 (-) shows changes in the thymus shape, mostly affecting the tops of its lobes, the middle part of the right boundary and the entire left thymus boundary. The scattering ellipses of the thymus ordinates in rats exposed to formaldehyde, in the first two canonical variables are located higher than those in the control animals. Conclusion. Formaldehyde inhalation leads to thymus changes in white rat. The most significant differences with control data are determined along the second canonical variable. Keywords: thymus, form, rat, formaldehyde, geometric morphometry. Цель. Изучение изменчивости формы тимуса белых крыс, находившихся в условиях влияния формальдегида, и сравнение этих данных с показателями, полученными у контрольных животных. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 72 белых крысах-самцах с начальной массой тела 40–50 г. Животные были разделены на 2 серии (по 36 крыс). Первую серию составляли контрольные крысы. Животные второй серии подвергались ингаляционному воздействию формальдегида (ФА) в концентрации 2,766 мг/м3. Для характеристики изменчивости размеров органов определяли размер их центроидов. Процедуру суперимпозиции конфигураций ландмарок выполняли методом генерализованного прокрустова анализа с использованием программы MorphoJ 1.06d. Проводили анализ главных компонент и канонический анализ полученных данных. Результаты. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ выявил высокий уровень межгрупповых различий по показателю прокрустовых расстояний (F=1,34; р<0,0001). Установлено значительное влияние продолжительности нахождения животных в условиях воздействия ФА на размер центроида. Критерий Краскела–Уоллиса составил 19,778 (р=0,0014). Анализ главных компонент указывал на то, что каждая из первых 10 компонент объясняет более 1 % дисперсии прокрустовых координат. При этом первые 7 компонент совместно объясняют 91,398 % изменчивости формы тимуса. Вклад первой главной компоненты в общую дисперсию прокрустовых координат составляет 40,236 %. РС1 (–) показывает изменения формы тимуса, в большей степени затрагивающие верхушки его долей, среднюю часть правого контура и весь левый контур тимуса. Эллипсы рассеивания ординат тимусов, принадлежащих крысам, подвергавшимся влиянию ФА, в пространстве первых двух канонических переменных расположены выше по отношению к таковым контрольных животных. Заключение. Ингаляционное воздействие формальдегида приводит к изменению формы тимуса белых крыс. Наибольшие различия с контрольными данными определяются вдоль второй канонической переменной. Ключевые слова: тимус, форма, крыса, формальдегид, геометрическая морфометрия.

scholarly journals Beneficial effect of retigabine on memory in rats receiving ethanol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Zwierzyńska ◽  
Agata Krupa-Burtnik ◽  
Bogusława Pietrzak
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Retigabine belongs to the novel generation of antiepileptic drugs but its complex mechanism of action causes that the drug might be effective in other diseases, for instance, alcohol dependence. It is known that ethanol abuse impaired the function of brain structures associated with memory and learning such as the hippocampus. In our previous study, retigabine reduced hippocampal changes induced by ethanol in the EEG rhythms in rabbits. This study is focused on the impact of retigabine on memory processes in male rats receiving alcohol. Methods Memory was evaluated in various experimental models: Morris water maze, Contextual, and Cued Fear Conditioning tests. Retigabine was administered for 3 weeks directly to the stomach via oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Rats received also 20% ethanol (5 g/kg/day in two doses) via oral gavage for 3 weeks and had free access to 5% ethanol in the afternoon and at night. Morris water maze was performed after 1 and 3 weeks of ethanol administration and after 1 week from the discontinuation of ethanol administration. Contextual and Cued Fear Conditioning tests were carried out after 24 h and 72 h of alcohol discontinuation. Results The drug significantly decreased ethanol-induced memory disturbances during alcohol administration as well as slightly improved learning processes after the discontinuation of ethanol administration. Conclusions This beneficial effect of retigabine-ethanol interaction on memory may be a relevant element of the drug’s impact on the development of addiction.

scholarly journals Rehydration before Application Improves Functional Properties of Lyophilized Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HAC03

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Karina Arellano-Ayala ◽  
Juhwan Lim ◽  
Subin Yeo ◽  
Jorge Enrique Vazquez Bucheli ◽  
Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Gastro Intestinal Tract ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Formulation

Preservation of probiotics by lyophilization is considered a method of choice for developing stable products. However, both direct consumption and reconstitution of dehydrated probiotic preparations before application “compromise” the survival and functional characteristics of the microorganisms under the stress of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. We evaluated the impact of different food additives on the viability, mucin adhesion, and zeta potential of a freeze-dried putative probiotic, Lactiplantibacillus (Lp.) plantarum HAC03. HAC03-compatible ingredients for the formulation of ten rehydration mixtures could be selected. Elevated efficacy was achieved by the B-active formulation, a mixture of non-protein nitrogen compounds, sugars, and salts. The survival of Lp. plantarum HAC03 increased by 36.36% compared rehydration with distilled water (4.92%) after passing simulated gastro-intestinal stress conditions. Cell viability determined by plate counting was confirmed by flow cytometry. B-active formulation also influenced Lp. plantarum HAC03 functionality by increasing its adherence to a Caco-2 cell-line and by changing the bacterial surface charge, measured as zeta potential.Hydrophobicity, mucin adhesion and immunomodulatory properties of Lp. plantarum HAC03 were not affected by the B-active formulation. The rehydration medium also effectively protected Lp. plantarum ATCC14917, Lp. plantarum 299v, Latilactobacillus sakei (Lt.) HAC11, Lacticaseibacillus (Lc.) paracasei 532, Enterococcus faecium 200, and Lc. rhamnosus BFE5263.

scholarly journals Vulnerability factors for mephedrone-induced conditioned place preference in rats—the impact of sex differences, social-conditioning and stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Wronikowska ◽  
Maria Zykubek ◽  
Łukasz Kurach ◽  
Agnieszka Michalak ◽  
Anna Boguszewska-Czubara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Conditioned Place Preference ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Social Conditioning ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Rationale Mephedrone is a frequently overused drug of abuse that belongs to the group of novel psychoactive substances. Although its mechanism of action, as well as toxic and psychoactive effects, has been widely studied, the role of different factors that could contribute to the increased vulnerability to mephedrone abuse is still poorly understood. Objectives The aim of the presented study was to assess the impact of several factors (sex differences, social-conditioning, and chronic mild unpredictable stress — CMUS) on the liability to mephedrone-induced reward in Wistar rats. Methods The rewarding effects of mephedrone in male and female rats were assessed using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. Furthermore, the impact of social factor and stress was evaluated in male rats using social-CPP and CMUS-dependent CPP, respectively. Results Mephedrone induced classic-CPP in female (10 mg/kg), as well as in male (10 and 20 mg/kg) rats. However, the impact of mephedrone treatment during social-CPP was highly dose-dependent as the rewarding effects of low dose of mephedrone (5 mg/kg; non-active in classic-CPP) were potentiated when administered during social-conditioning. Interestingly, social-conditioning with a higher dose of 20 mg/kg (that induced classic-CPP) was able to reverse these effects. Finally, CMUS potentiated rewarding effects of a low dose of mephedrone (5 mg/kg) and increased the level of corticosterone in rats’ prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusions Altogether, the presented results give new insight into possible factors underlying the vulnerability to mephedrone abuse and can serve as a basis for further studies assessing mechanisms underlying observed effects.

scholarly journals The Effect of Maternal Immune Activation on Social Play-Induced Ultrasonic Vocalization in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Kinga Gzielo ◽  
Agnieszka Potasiewicz ◽  
Ewa Litwa ◽  
Diana Piotrowska ◽  
Piotr Popik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Activation ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Poly I:C ◽  
Maternal Immune Activation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adolescent Rats ◽  
The Impact

Prenatal maternal infection is associated with an increased risk of various neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Maternal immune activation (MIA) can be experimentally induced by prenatal administration of polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), a synthetic viral-like double-stranded RNA. Although this MIA model is adopted in many studies, social and communicative deficits, included in the first diagnostic criterion of ASD, are poorly described in the offspring of poly(I:C)-exposed dams. This study aimed to characterize the impact of prenatal poly(I:C) exposure on socio-communicative behaviors in adolescent rats. For this purpose, social play behavior was assessed in both males and females. We also analyzed quantitative and structural changes in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) emitted by rats during the play test. Deficits of social play behaviors were evident only in male rats. Males also emitted a significantly decreased number of USVs during social encounters. Prenatal poly(I:C) exposure also affected acoustic call parameters, as reflected by the increased peak frequencies. Additionally, repetitive behaviors were demonstrated in autistic-like animals regardless of sex. This study demonstrates that prenatal poly(I:C) exposure impairs socio-communicative functioning in adolescent rats. USVs may be a useful tool for identifying early autistic-like abnormalities.

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