scholarly journals The Effect of Cassava Peel Starch Addition to Bioplastic Biodegradation Based On Chitosan On Soil and River Water Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Mahfud Syuhada ◽  
Sintia Ainus Sofa ◽  
Endaruji Sedyadi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Water Media ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Biodegradation Testing ◽  
Cassava Peel ◽  
Biodegradation Test

The study of the relationship between starch addition to biodegradation of bioplastics has been carried out. This study aims to understand the biodegradability of chitosan-based bioplastics with additional cassava peel starch on soil and river water media. This research was conducted through four stages, namely making starch from cassava peel waste, making bioplastics using the blending and castingwet processes method with variations of starch 5, 10, 15 and 20 ml. Testing physical mechanical properties including water resistance, thickness, tensile strength, elongation, and modulus young. Testing the characteristics of bioplastics functional groups was carried out using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and biodegradation testing of bioplastics carried out on soil and river water media. The results of bioplastics research with variation 5 ml produce good mechanical physical properties. Bioplastics produced water resistance value of 45.03%, thickness of 0.0190 mm, tensile strength of 49.93 MPa, elongation of 3.068% and Young modulus of 1627.63 MPa. Bioplastics biodegradation test was observed by measuring the decrease in sample mass. The biodegradation test results in soil and river water media respectively showed a decrease in bioplastic mass up to 63% and 54%. The biodegradation rate of the calculation results on soil media is −0,1502 and in river water media is −0,0948.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Bioplastik dari Pati Buah Lindur (Bruguiera gymnorrizha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Johan Budiman ◽  
Rodiana Nopianti ◽  
Shanti Dwita Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Biodegradation Test

This research studied the characteristics of bioplastic from large-leafed mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrizha) starch. This research was arranged used Randomized Block Design (RBD) model, with different starch concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) as treatment. The parameters observed were mechanical properties (tensile strength and percent elongation), thickness, water uptake and biodegradation test. The result showed that the starch concentration was not significant, (P>0.05) affected tensile strength and water resistance. Different between treatments was observed as for elongation, thickness and biodegradation test significant (P<0.05). The results obtained from the bioplastic research of large-leafed mangrove starch for tensile strength ranged from 24.59 MPa – 32.91 MPa, percent elongation 2.93% – 4.88%, thickness 0.05 mm – 0,11 mm, water resistance 108.06% – 111.09% and biodegradation test with percent weight loss 17.91% – 54.40% with the highest degradation rate 18.13 – 3.62 mg /15 days burial. The best treatment was obtained by using 1,5% starch, 4 g chitosan and 15% glycerol or equal to starch : chitosan 1.5 g : 4 g and 0.9 mL glycerol.

scholarly journals Bioplastic Biodegradation Based on Ganyong Umbi States with Addition of Sorbitol and CMC (Carboxy Methil Cellulose) In Soil Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Lukman Ma’arif ◽  
Ulia Fitrass ◽  
Endaruji Sedyadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Biodegradation Testing

Bioplastics made using the basic ingredients of canna tuber starch with sorbitol plasticizer and the addition of CMC variations have been carried out. This study aims to understand the effect of adding CMC to the mechanical properties and biodegradability of bioplastics in soil media. This research was carried out with 4 stages of work namely, extraction of starch from canna tubers, synthesis of bioplastic manufacturing using the blending method, testing mechanical properties in the form of thickness, tensile strength, elongation, and young modulus. Characteristics of functional groups have been tested using FTIR and bioplastic biodegradability testing has been carried out on soil media for 21 days by looking at weight loss from bioplastics. The variation of adding CMC used is 0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.25; 1.5 and 2 grams. The best mechanical properties are produced with thickness of 0.0795 mm, tensile strength of 27.53 MPa, elongation of 3.018% and young modulus of 885.66 MPa. The results of bioplastic biodegradation testing on soil media for 21 days showed that bioplastics made were biodegradable. Reduction of bioplastic mass in soil media by 86,032%.

scholarly journals Thermo-Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced by Natural Fibers Derived from Wet Blue Leather Wastes: A Comparative Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Alessandro Nanni ◽  
Mariafederica Parisi ◽  
Martino Colonna ◽  
Massimo Messori
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Leather Wastes ◽  
Fiber Matrix

The present work investigated the possibility to use wet blue (WB) leather wastes as natural reinforcing fibers within different polymer matrices. After their preparation and characterization, WB fibers were melt-mixed at 10 wt.% with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polyamide 12 (PA12), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and the obtained samples were subjected to rheological, thermal, thermo-mechanical, and viscoelastic analyses. In parallel, morphological properties such as fiber distribution and dispersion, fiber–matrix adhesion, and fiber exfoliation phenomena were analyzed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to evaluate the relationship between the compounding process, mechanical responses, and morphological parameters. The PLA-based composite exhibited the best results since the Young modulus (+18%), tensile strength (+1.5%), impact (+10%), and creep (+5%) resistance were simultaneously enhanced by the addition of WB fibers, which were well dispersed and distributed in and significantly branched and interlocked with the polymer matrix. PA12- and TPU-based formulations showed a positive behavior (around +47% of the Young modulus and +40% of creep resistance) even if the not-optimal fiber–matrix adhesion and/or the poor de-fibration of WB slightly lowered the tensile strength and elongation at break. Finally, the TPE-based sample exhibited the worst performance because of the poor affinity between hydrophilic WB fibers and the hydrophobic polymer matrix.

scholarly journals Manufacture and Mechanical Behavior of Green Polymeric Composite Reinforced with Hydrated Cotton Fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ênio Henrique Pires da Silva ◽  
Emiliano Barretto Almendro ◽  
Amanda Albertin Xavier da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Waldow ◽  
Flaminio CP Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Comparison And Study ◽  
Fiber Fabric

Composites using natural fibers as reinforcement and biodegradable polymers as matrix are considered environmentally friendly materials. This paper seeks the mechanical and morphological characterization of a biocomposite of polyurethane (PU) derived from a blend of vegetable oils doped with aluminatrihydrate (ATH) and reinforced with hydrated cotton fiber fabric (HCF). The comparison and study were performed based on the properties of the: (i) pure PU; (ii) PU doped with ATH containing 30% of the final mass (PU+30%ATH); (iii) composite of PU reinforced with 7 layers of cotton fiber fabric (PU+7CF); (iv) composite of PU+30%ATH reinforced with 7 layers of CF (PU+30%ATH+7CF); (v) composite of PU+30%ATH reinforced with 7 layers of hydrated cotton fiber fabric (PU+30%ATH+7HCF). The mechanical properties obtained according to the tensile test for the composite PU+30%ATH+CF with fibers oriented at 0° showed a significant increment in tensile strength (60 MPa) and the modulus of elasticity (4.7 GPa) when compared to pure PU (40 MPa) and (1.7 GPa) respectively. PU+30%ATH also presented a rising tensile strength (31 MPa) and Young modulus (2.6 GPa). For the composite with addition of water, results presented a significant decrease in strength (31.3 MPa) and stiffness (0.9 GPa) than the composite with no water. Electron microscopy (SEM) analyses exhibited that the samples with addition of water showed the presence of large amounts of pores and the lower interaction between matrix and fiber. These results may explain the lower mechanical properties of this material. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30609/JETI.2019-7576

scholarly journals Development of High Performance (Mechanical and Wear Properties) of AA 6061-Hybrid Nano Composites Via Liquid Metallurgy Route

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Hussain J. M. Al-Alkawi ◽  
Abduljabbar Owaid Hanfesh ◽  
Saja Mohammed Noori Mohammed Rauof
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Weight Percentage

This research is devoted to study the influence of different weight percent concerning to the additions of Ti and Cu on mechanical and tribological properties of AA6061. The composite materials consist of different weight percentage of Ti (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6) wt% and constant weight percentage of Cu (0.2) wt% which were fabricated by liquid metallurgy route technique. Microstructural characterization and phases have been examined by using SEM (scanning electron microscopic).SEM examination showed uniform distribution of nano Ti and Cu in AA6061. The consequences of mechanical tests demonstrated clear enhancement in mechanical properties, such as ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, young modulus, ductility% and hardness at additive percentage of 0.4% Ti+0.2%Cu nano particles incorporated into molten AA6061. Percentage of enhancement ultimate tensile strength is about 73.3%, yield strength about 82.7%, young modulus is about 21.2%, the  Vickers hardness about 42.6% and the decreasing in ductility was about 25.2% compared with the metal matrix (AA6061). The wear rate test was performed by using pin on disc rig for both hybrid nano composite and base metal (AA6061) under various loads (10,15and 20) N with sliding speed (1.282) m/sec at a (10) min’s time. The results showed a decrease in wear rate at 0.4%Ti+0.2%Cu compared with the base metal (AA6061). Improvement percentage of wear rate is about 105% at 20 N load.

scholarly journals Allyl glycidyl ether-modified animal glue binder for improved water resistance and bonding strength in sand casting

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-chen Fan ◽  
Qian Tang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Animal Glue ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Foundry Industry ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Allyl Glycidyl Ether

This paper aims to develop a modified animal glue sand binder for foundry casting with improved water resistance and bonding strength. An efficient method is reported by using sodium hydroxide as the catalyst to improve the operability of animal glue binder and allyl glycidyl ether as the modifier to improve the water resistance and bonding strength. Sand specimens prepared using allyl glycidyl ether-modified animal glue binder were cured by compressed air at room temperature. The proposed method saves energy and is environmentally friendly and inexpensive. Compared with unmodified animal glue binder, standard dog bone sand specimens with allyl glycidyl ether-modified animal glue binder had higher tensile strength of 2.58 MPa, flowability of 1.95 g, better water resistance (a lower decrease in tensile strength at 25 °C and relative humidity of 60%), and good collapsibility. This allyl glycidyl ether-modified animal glue binder is suitable for practical application in the foundry industry.

scholarly journals Crazing Effect on the Bio-Based Conducting Polymer Film

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3425
Author(s):  
Pei-Yi Wong ◽  
Akiyoshi Takeno ◽  
Shinya Takahashi ◽  
Sook-Wai Phang ◽  
Azizah Baharum
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Film ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Pani Film ◽  
Polymer Waste

The biodegradability problem of polymer waste is one of the fatal pollutFions to the environment. Enzymes play an essential role in increasing the biodegradability of polymers. In a previous study, antistatic polymer film based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a matrix and polyaniline (PAni) as a conductive filler, was prepared. To solve the problem of polymer wastes pollution, a crazing technique was applied to the prepared polymer film (PLA/PAni) to enhance the action of enzymes in the biodegradation of polymer. This research studied the biodegradation test based on crazed and non-crazed PLA/PAni films by enzymes. The presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film was evaluated using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical microscope displayed the crazed in the lamellae form, while the SEM image revealed microcracks in the fibrils form. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the crazed PLA/PAni film was recorded as 19.25 MPa, which is almost comparable to the original PLA/PAni film with a tensile strength of 20.02 MPa. However, the Young modulus decreased progressively from 1113 MPa for PLA/PAni to 651 MPa for crazed PLA/PAni film, while the tensile strain increased 150% after crazing. The significant decrement in the Young modulus and increment in the tensile strain was due to the craze propagation. The entanglement was reduced and the chain mobility along the polymer chain increased, thus leading to lower resistance to deformation of the polymer chain and becoming more flexible. The presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film showed a substantial change in weight loss with increasing the time of degradation. The weight loss of crazed PLA/PAni film increased to 42%, higher than that of non-crazed PLA/PAni film with only 31%. The nucleation of crazes increases the fragmentation and depolymerization of PLA/PAni film that induced microbial attack and led to higher weight loss. In conclusion, the presence of crazes in PLA/PAni film significantly improved enzymes’ action, speeding up the polymer film’s biodegradability.

scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical properties of epoxy-jute fiber composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ahmad ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MF Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Elongation At Break

Chopped jute fiber-epoxy composites with varying fiber length (2-12 mm) and mass fraction (0.05-0.35) had been prepared by a heat press unit. The cross-linked product was characterized in terms of specific gravity, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break. The transverse thermal conductivities for randomly oriented fibers in the composite were investigated by Lees and Charlton’s method. The tensile strength, Young modulus and elongation at break were investigated by a Universal Tensile Tester. With an increase in the fiber content (irrespective of the fiber length), the thermal conductivity of the composite decreases; the decreasing rate being highest for the fiber length of 2 mm followed by that for the fiber length of 6 and 12 mm. The decreasing rate of the thermal conductivity of the jute-epoxy composite is comparatively higher to that reported in literature for acrylic polymer hemp fiber composite. The tensile strength also decreases with the increase of the fiber content in the composite. The fiber length does not show to have significant effect on the tensile strength of the composite; the variation in strength being masked within experimental error. The Young modulus increases with the increase of fiber content within elastic limit; showing the highest values for the fiber length of 6 mm followed by those for the fiber length of 2 mm and 12 mm. The elongation at break shows slightly increasing trend up to 15% fiber content, but beyond that it decreases drastically. The specific gravity decreases with the increase in the fiber content and thus the recalculated specific tensile strength is found to keep at a stable level of 36MPa up to the fiber content of 20%, and beyond that the specific tensile strength decreases with the increase in the fiber content. It is concluded that jute fiber-epoxy composite could be used as a good heat-insulating material. Further investigation is recommended on the improvement of the thermal insulation keeping the mechanical properties unchanged or even improved. The TGA study is also required to ascertain the field of application of the material. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17807 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 77-82

scholarly journals Bio-Based Thermoplastic Starch Composites Reinforced by Dialdehyde Lignocellulose

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3236
Author(s):  
Peng Yin ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Bin Guo ◽  
Panxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Oxidation Damage

In order to improve the mechanical properties and water resistance of thermoplastic starch (TPS), a novel reinforcement of dialdehyde lignocellulose (DLC) was prepared via the oxidation of lignocellulose (LC) using sodium periodate. Then, the DLC-reinforced TPS composites were prepared by an extrusion and injection process using glycerol as a plasticizer. The DLC and LC were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the effects of DLC content on the properties of the DLC/TPS composites were investigated via the evaluation of SEM images, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and contact angles. XRD showed that the crystallinity of the DLC decreased due to oxidation damage to the LC. SEM showed good dispersion of the DLC in the continuous TPS phase at low amounts of DLC, which related to good mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the DLC/TPS composite reached a maximum at a DLC content of 3 wt.%, while the elongation at break of the DLC/TPS composites increased with increasing DLC content. The DLC/TPS composites had better thermal stability than the neat TPS. As the DLC content increased, the water resistance first increased, then decreased. The highest tensile strength and elongation at break reached 5.26 MPa and 111.25%, respectively, and the highest contact angle was about 90.7°.

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