Photochromic Microcapsules for Textile Materials by Spray Drying—Part 1: Production and Characterization of Photochromic Microcapsules

This study, which is the first in a three-part series, deals with the encapsulation of photochromic dyes by spray drying. An aqueous ethyl cellulose dispersion and a spirooxazine-based photochromic dye were used as a shell and core material, respectively. The effects of main encapsulation parameters, such as solvent type, inlet temperature, feed rate, solid content, and aspirator rate were investigated. The encapsulation results were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, particle size measurements, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microcapsules obtained from a water-ethanol mixture exhibited photochromic properties. For microcapsule production, the optimum feed rate, total solid content, and aspirator rate were determined. Capsule formation improved with increased inlet air temperature. Spray drying to produce photochromic microcapsules could be a practical method for production of photochromic smart textiles.

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INFLUENCES OF MALTODEXTRIN AND HOT AIR TEMPERATURE ON LOSSES OF BETACYANIN AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN BEETROOT JUICE SPRAY DRYING

Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.15625/2525-2518/55/5a/12183 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (5A) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Lai Quoc Dat

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Thermal Effect ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Total Solid ◽

Solid Content ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Beetroot Juice ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Hot Air

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.), which is rich in betacyanin and antioxidant compounds, has been utilized as a good source of red pigment and antioxidants. Nevertheless, these compounds are thermally sensitive, consequently, being degraded in processes conducted at high temperature. This research focused on effects of maltodextrin and hot air temperature on losses of betacyanin and antioxidant capacity in spray drying of beetroot juice. Results indicated that adding maltodextrin and temperature of hot air significantly influenced on loss by thermal effect, consequently, on the recovery yield of betacyanin and antioxidant capacity of beetroot juice powder. Adding maltodextrin enhanced protection of betacyanin and antioxidants in beetroot juice against thermal effect. Increasing temperature of hot air caused increase in loss by thermal effect of betacyanin and antioxidant capacity. The loss of antioxidant capacity by thermal effect was higher than that of betacyanin. Results also indicated that the suitable conditions of spray drying of beetroot juice are adding maltodextrin to reach 30 % w/w of total solid content and 150 oC of hot air temperature.

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Spray Drying ofRhodomyrtus tomentosa(Ait.) Hassk. Flavonoids Extract: Optimization and Physicochemical, Morphological, and Antioxidant Properties

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2014/420908 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pingping Wu ◽

Qian Deng ◽

Guangzhi Ma ◽

Nianghui Li ◽

Yanyan Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Storage Period ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Total Solid ◽

Solid Content ◽

Spherical Particles ◽

Total Solid Content

The optimal condition of spray drying purified flavonoids extract fromR. tomentosaberries was studied by response surface methodology. The optimized condition for microencapsulation was of maltodextrin to gum Arabic ratio 1 : 1.3, total solid content 27.4%, glycerol monostearate content 0.25%, and core to coating material ratio 3 : 7, resulting in EE 91.75%. Prepared at the optimized condition, the flavonoids extract microcapsules (FEMs) were irregularly spherical particles with low moisture content (3.27%), high solubility (92.35%), and high bulk density (0.346 g/cm3). DPPH radical scavenging activity of FEMs was not decreased after spray drying (P>0.05) and higher than those in citric acid and rutin at the same concentration. Moreover, FEMs effectively retarded the oxidation of fresh lard during the 10-day storage period compared with vitamin C, nonencapsulated flavonoids extract, and rutin. Therefore, FEMs produced at the optimized condition could be used as powder ingredients with antioxidant capacities.

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Microencapsulation of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Pomace Ethanolic Extract by Spray Drying: Optimization of Process Conditions

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9030612 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 612 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Luiz Corrêa-Filho ◽

Sofia Lourenço ◽

Daniel Duarte ◽

Margarida Moldão-Martins ◽

Vítor Alves

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Core Material ◽

Wall Material ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Sem Images ◽

Arabic Gum ◽

Tomato Pomace ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L

Microencapsulation by spray-drying is a process used in the stabilization of active compounds from various natural sources, such as tomato by-products, with the purpose to be used as additives in the food industry. The aim of this work was to study the effects of wall material and spray drying conditions on physicochemical properties of microcapsules loaded with lycopene rich extract from tomato pomace. The assays were carried out with ethanolic tomato pomace extract as core material and arabic gum or inulin as wall materials. A central composite rotatable design was used to evaluate the effect of drying air inlet temperature (110–200 °C) and concentration of arabic gum (5–35 wt %) or inulin (5–25 wt %) on the antioxidant activity, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and drying yield. SEM images showed that the produced particles were in the category of skin-forming structures. The most suitable conditions, within the ranges studied, to obtain lycopene loaded microparticles were a biopolymer concentration of 10 wt % for both materials and an inlet temperature of 200 and 160 °C for arabic gum and inulin, respectively. Arabic gum and inulin possessed a good performance in the encapsulation of tomato pomace extract by spray drying. It is envisaged that the capsules produced have good potential to be incorporated in foods systems with diverse chemical and physical properties.

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Influence of Spray Drying Conditions on Particle Size and Morphology of Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y) Composite Particles

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.728.172 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 728 ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saowaluk Chiangka ◽

Sukasem Watcharamaisakul ◽

Boris Golman

Keyword(s):

Spray Drying ◽

Solid Content ◽

Composite Particles ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Sem Images ◽

Median Diameter ◽

Particle Size And Morphology ◽

Size And Morphology ◽

Drying Conditions ◽

Monolithic Alumina

Zirconia toughened alumina materials are frequently used in biomedical applications due to their enhanced toughness, strength and wear resistance compared to monolithic alumina. In this work, the influence of spray drying conditions is studied on the characteristics of spray-dried Al2O3/ZrO2(3Y) composite particles. The SEM images of composite particles confirm the formation of dense composite particles of round shape without internal holes. The particles of the best morphology of the median diameter of 44 µm were produced by drying the slurry of 70 wt.% solid content with feed rate of 15 ml/min using the drying air with inlet temperature of 210 °C and spraying air with flow rate of 357 l/h.

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APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v4i02.64 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Rina S. Soetopo ◽

Sri Purwati ◽

Henggar Hardiani ◽

Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽

Krisna Adhitya Wardhana

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Solid ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Organic Content ◽

Solid Content ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Organic Loading ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

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A simple design and operation for the anaerobic treatment of highly concentrated swine waste in the tropics

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0466 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 91-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Y. Yang ◽

M. Kuroshima

Keyword(s):

Treatment Process ◽

Total Solid ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Solid Content ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Biological Reaction ◽

The Tropics ◽

Small Producers

In order to develop a simple operation for an anaerobic treatment process for highly concentrated pig wastewater for small producers, a three-stage anaerobic treatment process was investigated. The system provided a series of mixing, homogenization, biological reaction and final stabilization of concentrated pig waste (total solid content of 8–10%). The process provided a stable operational performance, simple operational procedure and well stabilized sludge effluent. It was also found that the system is economically feasible in Hawaii. Compared to the other treatment processes for highly concentrated pig waste, this process is considered as an appropriate alternative for the application of the small producers in land limited and tropical conditions. Also, the present treatment system can be easily developed into a prefabricated package plant which can minimize the on-site labor and building costs.

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Optimising Conditions for Encapsulation of Salacia chinensis Root Extract enriched with Phenolic Compounds

Current Nutraceuticals ◽

10.2174/2665978602666210805094012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 02 ◽

Author(s):

Thanh V. Ngo ◽

Christopher J. Scarlett ◽

Michael C. Bowyer ◽

Rebecca McCullum ◽

Quan V. Vuong

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Feed Rate ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Root Extract ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Dried Extract ◽

Drying Conditions

Background: S. chinensis extract contains bioactive compounds, which exhibit high antioxidant activities. However, for commercial uses, it is necessary to encapsulate the extract to protect it from degradation. Objective: This study aimed to optimise spray-drying conditions and then compare with freeze-drying to identify the most suitable conditions for encapsulation of Salacia chinensis L. root extract. Method: Three factors of spray-drying encapsulation, including maltodextrin concentration, inlet temperature and feed rate, have been tested for the impacts on the physical and phytochemical properties of S. chinensis root extract. Based on the optimal conditions, the spray-drying was then compared with freeze-drying. Results: The results showed that maltodextrin concentration, inlet temperature and feed rate had significant impacts on recovery yield, phenolics, mangiferin and antioxidant activity of the spray-dried extract. The optimal spray-drying encapsulation conditions were maltodextrin concentration of 20 %, inlet temperature of 130ºC and feed rate of 9 mL/min. Under these optimal conditions, the encapsulated extract had comparable solubility, total phenolics, mangiferin, and antioxidant activity, lower bulk density, moisture content, and water activity as compared to encapsulated extract made using the freeze-drying technique. These optimal spray-drying conditions are recommended to encapsulate the extract of S. chinensis root. Conclusion: Spray-drying was found to be more effective for encapsulation of S. chinensis root extract than freeze-drying. Therefore, spray-drying is recommended for further applications.

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Composition of beagle dog milk

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1960.199.4.731 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 199 (4) ◽

pp. 731-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jack R. Luick ◽

Harold R. Parker ◽

A. C. Andersen

Keyword(s):

Statistical Study ◽

Total Solid ◽

Fat Content ◽

Solid Content ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Mean Values ◽

Total Solids ◽

Beagle Dog ◽

The Mean

A statistical study has been made of the composition of the major C-containing compounds taken from beagle dog milk during the 3rd through 5th week of lactation. The mean values are as follows: 26% total solids, 13% fat, 3.3% lactose and 9.8% protein. Total solid content was found to vary with fat content according to the equation: % total solids = 15.6 + 0.85 % fat.

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Preparation of an Active Packaging Material and its Application on Strawberry Preservation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1120-1121.643 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1120-1121 ◽

pp. 643-647

Author(s):

Ya Bo Fu ◽

Wen Cai Xu ◽

Lu Fu ◽

Dong Li Li ◽

Jian Qing Wang

Keyword(s):

Control Release ◽

Total Solid ◽

Active Packaging ◽

Solid Content ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Taste Evaluation ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Fruit Preservation ◽

And Storage ◽

Storage Temperatures

To reduce the loss of fresh fruits during transportation and storage, an active packaging (AP) material which could control release fungicide was prepared by melting, blowing film and composite method firstly. Then, its preservation effects on strawberry at different storage temperatures were investigated systematically. Several properties of preserved strawberries were measured periodically, including gas concentration of the package atmosphere and the physiological parameters contains decay rate, total solid content, as well as the sensory and taste evaluation were measured. The experimental results show that this AP material is helpful to fruit preservation, especially at lower temperature. It can prohibit the strawberry respiration, retard fungus growth and thus significantly extend the shelf-life of fresh strawberry.

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