scholarly journals La legitimación del privilegio en colegios de elite chilenos: De la responsabilidad social al discurso del mérito

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Tomas Ilabaca Turri
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Elite Schools ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
First Case ◽  
Way Of Thinking

Chilean elite schools have historically been spaces to ensure the homogeneity and intergenerational reproduction of privileged groups. This article presents a part of the results of an ethnographic research in two elite schools, aimed to answer how each one understands and legitimizes their privileged position. The results show how both institutions deal with privilege in different ways. In the first case, through its educational project, the school seeks that students understand themselves as privileged, and its legitimation is through involving them with the country's social problems as a “hallmark” of the school’s identity. The second school understands and legitimizes the privilege through processes of resignification, conceiving it as merit. The article then suggests a broader way of thinking about the transmission of privilege, where it is necessary to contemplate the dynamics of differentiation of the establishments in market contexts and also the socio-educational correspondence between the types of projects, the strategies and the internal divisions in the elites.

Dilemmas of an Expert Witness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
First Case ◽  
Indigenous Land

This chapter presents two affidavits submitted to the Inter-American Court. The first case was concerned with the negative consequences of Suriname’s refusal to recognize indigenous land rights, including the establishment of a nature reserve that become a de facto open-access zone on indigenous land. The second addressed problems associated with indigenous land tenure in Guyana under the Amerindian Act of 2006. Comparing the two cases allows the chapter to make several observations about the dynamics of short-term ethnographic research conducted for expert-witness reports. This includes the need to make affidavits legible to the three overlapping frames of the legal system, the communities seeking recognition of their rights, and anthropology. The chapter also considers the narrative choices in these affidavits, the political dilemmas of being an expert witness, and the compromises of short-term ethnography.

La formation en traduction littéraire : tendances déformantes et dépassement du sentiment d’infériorité chez l’apprenti traducteur

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Ileana Neli Eiben
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
First Case ◽  
Word Translation

"The Teaching and Learning of Literary Translation: Distorting Tendencies and Inferiority Feelings in Apprentice Translators. Through an interdisciplinary approach that borrows elements from the political sciences, psychology and translation studies, this article aims to analyze the literary translator in order to better understand his condition and his future. Based on the notion of ""authority"" as it is used by Hannah Arendt (1972), we aim to describe the author/translator relationship, the author holding a privileged position, recognized and accepted from the start by the translator who inevitably has a secondary role. We will show that this ""authoritarian relationship"" creates a feeling of inferiority for the apprentice translator (Adler) which can be manifested in two different ways: he can either consider himself insufficient and be overwhelmed by the feeling of inferiority or seek to compensate this feeling by the tendency to show off. In the first case, he risks falling into the trap of word-for-word translation, while in the second case he will not hesitate to do more than is expected of him, to infiltrate the text and distort it. Thanks to the appropriate guidance from the teacher, he will learn to manage his (un)certainties and to acquire translation skills that allow him to be both free and dutiful in his work, the two major assets of a good translator. Keywords: authority, feeling of inferiority, apprentice translator, author, original, literary translation "

scholarly journals Reading Sri Lanka's Suicide Rate

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM WIDGER
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBy the final decade of the twentieth century, rates of suicide in Sri Lanka ranked among the highest in the world. However, in 1996 the suicide rate began to fall and was soon at its lowest level in almost 30 years. This decline poses problems for classic sociological theories of suicide and forces us to question some fundamental assumptions underlying social scientific approaches to the suicide rate. Drawing from sociological, medical epidemiological, historical, and anthropological secondary sources as well as 21 months of original ethnographic research into suicide in Sri Lanka, I argue that there are four possible readings of the country's suicide rate. While the first three readings provide windows onto parts of the story, the fourth—a composite view—provides a new way of thinking about suicide, not just in Sri Lanka but also cross-culturally. In so doing the paper poses questions for how the relationship between suicide and society might be imagined.

Eugenics in Britain: The View from the Metropole

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Bland ◽  
Lesley Hall
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Group Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Family Allowances

This article discusses the impact of eugenics in Britain. It discusses eugenics as a biological way of thinking about social, economic, political, and cultural change. It gives scientific credibility to prejudices, anxieties, and fears that are prevalent primarily among the middle and upper classes. It delineates the tensions between “classic” and “reform”, although this is only one modality along which to align the complex factors that polarized the society—some of them ideological, some of them about tactics, and some based on personalities. It gives a detailed description of the differentiation of societies' activities into study and practice. The social problem group; research into contraceptive methods; family allowances; race mixture; and immigration are discussed. The practices are divided into negative and positive. Finally, this article concludes that eugenicists see feeblemindedness as hereditary, emblematic of degeneracy, and contributes to numerous social problems, such as poverty and unemployment.

The allure of prizes: how contests trap us in competitive relationships

Competition ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Michael Scroggins ◽  
Daniel Souleles
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Film Criticism ◽  
Management Consulting ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Argument Proceeds ◽  
Anthropological Literature

Contests and prizes along with the compulsion to make winners and losers are ubiquitous features of contemporary capitalism in the USA. Combining the anthropological literature on traps and trapping, Simmel’s work on competitive relationships, film criticism, and a rereading of management consulting logic, we develop a theory of prizes as organizers and enforcers of competitive relationships. We argue that contests are traps, funnelling both the wary and unsuspecting into competitive relationships through the lure of material and symbolic rewards. Empirically, our argument proceeds through paired case studies. The first case examines how a straightforward (if technically daunting) educational project designed to teach newcomers the basics of laboratory techniques is transformed into a competitive project when a potential prize is introduced. The second case examines how people spontaneously organize and compete with each other around the promise of an amorphous and fictitious prize during the development of high-speed trading.

Temporality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Rascaroli
Keyword(s):  
Berlin Wall ◽  
Primo Levi ◽  
The Road ◽  
First Case ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Invisible

Opening with a discussion of the diptych form in film, seen as a dialogic structure activated in a spatiotemporal in-betweenness, this chapter focuses on films constructed around an interstice between incommensurable temporalities. In particular, it looks at filmic practices that spatialize time and at films that articulate the road as a palimpsest through which a diachronic way of thinking develops. The first case study is a diptych by Cynthia Beatt, Cycling the Frame (1988) and The Invisible Frame (2009), which follow the actor Tilda Swinton while she cycles the route along the Berlin Wall, before and after its fall, respectively. The second example, Davide Ferrario’s La strada di Levi (Primo Levi’s Journey, 2007), retraces the route traveled by the writer Primo Levi on his return to Italy after his release from Auschwitz. The temporal gaps carved and exploited by these films are at once material, historical, and ideological.

scholarly journals Platform scams: Brazilian workers’ experiences of dishonest and uncertain algorithmic management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Grohmann ◽  
Gabriel Pereira ◽  
Ana Guerra ◽  
Ludmila Costhek Abílio ◽  
Bruno Moreschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Parties ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Labor Studies ◽  
Structuring Element ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lead Workers

This article discusses how Brazilian platform workers experience and respond to platform scams through three case studies. Drawing from digital ethnographic research, vlogs/interviews of workers, and literature review, we argue for a conceptualization of “platform scam” that focuses on multiple forms of platform dishonesty and uncertainty. We characterize scam as a structuring element of the algorithmic management enacted by platform labor. The first case engages with when platforms scam workers by discussing Uber drivers’ experiences with the illusive surge pricing. The second case discusses when workers (have to) scam platforms by focusing on Amazon Mechanical Turk microworkers’ experiences with faking their identities. The third case presents when platforms lead workers to scam third parties, by engaging with how Brazilian click farm platforms’ workers use bots/fake accounts to engage with social media. Our focus on “platform scams” thus highlights the particular dimensions of faking, fraud, and deception operating in platform labor. This notion of platform scam expands and complexifies the understanding of scam within platform labor studies. Departing from workers' experiences, we engage with the asymmetries and unequal power relations present in the algorithmic management of labor.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SYISTEM METODOLOGI DAN FILSAFAT HUKUM ISLAM (Analisis Terhadap Pemikiran Jasser Auda)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kholil
Keyword(s):  
Social Problems ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The Way

The development and changes of social society is increasingly complex, ranging from social problems, humanities and even legal issues often appear and sometimes make it difficult for the community in determining its status. Therefore, the issue needs intelligence and sharpness of sensitivity or high and sensitive to the situationand conditions, then it be able to reduce the problem of conflict. It takesthinkers and scholars contemporary who are able to provide insight to solve a problem. The maqasid al-syari'ah described abstract although there are already Islamic thinkers who try to explain maqasud al-syari'ah in terms of theory and methodology, but still "grope". This is natural,maqasid al-syariah seeks to change the way of thinking of the classical scholars and still includedthe norms of the basic philosophical values. it is need for further Muslim thinkers to contribute their thoughts of a more systematic maqasid al-syri'ah creation, is a shift paradigm from the old maqasid to the new maqasid. The old maqasid emphasizes on protection (protection) more and perservation.New maqasid emphasizes more on devolopment (development) and righ (right). Welfareof the child's soul protection (hifdzu al-nafs).

scholarly journals Medios de comunicación y prevención de incendios forestales

Comunicar ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Federico-Luis Clauss-Klamp
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Educational Project ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

This educational project aims to educate in the prevention of forest fires by means of the Internet. It consists of three different stages. In the first stage, three surveys have been drawn up. One on the ecological/social problems of forest fires; a second one on forests as natural resources and a third one on the problems gamekeepers have to face. These three surveys have been sent out to several ONG, ecology journals and a number of gamekeepers. In the second stage, we have contacted some Secondary Schools in towns and cities which are in areas that have already been or are in danger of being damaged by forest fires. Pretender educar en la prevención de los incendios forestales, mediante el uso de Internet es el objeto de esta propuesta. Consta de tres etapas; en la primera se han elaborado y difundido tres encuestas acerca de la problemática ecológica y social de los incendios, el valor de los bosques como recurso forestal y los problemas que se les plantean a los guardas forestales. Los destinatarios han sido diversas ONG, revistas de ecología y varios guardias rurales, contactándose con Institutos de las zonas afectadas.

The value of ethnographic research: University students and financial hardship

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bessant
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Research University ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Financial Hardship ◽  
Ethnographic Research

This article articulates the value of ethnographic research into poverty and particularly into the issue of student hardship. The question is asked whether ‘poverty line’ models of research, which claim to establish objective and accurate measures of financial adversity, actually help in understanding the problem of student hardship. Similar questions are asked about discourses that use the language of participation and social exclusion.Consideration is given to the value of listening to young people talk about their experiences of studying and living without sufficient means. I refer here not only to the ethics of including ‘the subjects’ of research in the knowledge-making activity, but also to the value of the ethnographic material that is produced. This offers insights into the particular social problem which it is critical to understand in order to respond effectively. It is also material that is not available through more traditional forms of research. While the focus in this article is on university students and financial hardship, it is also arguing more generally in favour of giving priority to interpretivist tradition in research about contemporary social problems.

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