scholarly journals A century of teacher education in India: 1883-1985

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-285
Author(s):  
Aarti Mangal

Teacher training in India has evolved from a circle system to normal schools and teacher training institutes/colleges. This progression was influenced by various events, debates and recommendations. With respect to the relevance of the teacher training institutions, ideas kept fluctuating, and several of the other adopted policy measures failed in the implementation phase. Initially, this led to the opening and closing of the normal schools, which later expanded into teacher training institutes/colleges. This paper attempts to present the historical developments in the field of teacher education around the axis of teacher training institutes, teachers’ qualifications, the teacher training course curriculum, and the status of teachers. For this paper, the government reports and reviews published in the periods both prior and subsequent to Independence have been studied using a historical method. It reveals that, in spite of 100 years of effort dedicated to improving teacher education, the availability of trained women teachers is far lower than the demand for them in schools. Unlike before, admission to any teacher training course for primary teachers requires at least 10 years of general education, and secondary school teachers need a degree. Though over these years the salaries of teachers have increased substantially, the deteriorating status of teachers and the teaching profession has been a source of constant concern for educationists and policymakers. 

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen B. Esmeralda ◽  
Janet Perez-Espinosa

High percentage of passers in the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) indicates the competence of the Teacher Education Program (TEP) graduates of State Colleges and Universities. Licensure tests are usually one of the several criteria necessary to qualify an entry into the teaching profession. This government examination is designed to identify professionals who have the desired level of competency to teach basic education. The study determined the extent of implementation of the TEP of Carlos Hilado Memorial State College (CHMSC) in relation to the academic achievement and performance of graduates in the LET. The descriptive correlational method specifically documentary analysis, with the mean, Pearson Product Moment (PPM) and ANOVA were used in this study. Findings revealed that the Teacher Education Program of CHMSC was well implemented. This concludes that the Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEED) group showed greater confidence in academics, indicating the need to enhance the level of academic preparation of the BSED group underscoring general education and major subjects during pre-service years. It further revealed that a significant relationship existed between the LET performance and the academic achievement of the BEED graduates. This means that the teacher graduates’ academic performance is a significant predictor in the LET. Keywords— Education, academic achievement, licensure examination, Talisay City, Philippines


2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 244-267
Author(s):  
Per Gerrevall

Education of teachers and teacher competence has been an important field since the establishment of Pedagogy as science. This article relates to research concerning teacher competence and conditions for admission to teacher education. The purpose is to identify what is characterized as ineligible in connection with admission to teacher education, in assessing becoming teachers’ pedagogical actions, and in professional teachers’ vocational practice. Within a research group at Linnaeus University, we have in two projects studied the gatekeeping function to the teaching profession. The core of the projects consists of the assessment of eligibility that takes place before and during teacher training as well as during teachers’ professional practice. On admission to teacher education, it is mainly on communicative and relational grounds that an applicant may be deemed ineligible to become a teacher. In teacher education a didactical dimension is added as well as an analytical and reflective dimension, which means being able to reflect critically over practice on a scientific ground, or on ethical grounds. In teachers’ professional practice, shortcomings in communicative and relational competence as well as actions that contradict ethical grounds constitute predominant reasons for being considered ineligible. Shortcomings in educational skills are generally handled at school level.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Michelli Agra

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir os desafios da educação inclusiva, com base no conceito de experiência aplicado à problemática da formação do professor. Utiliza-se como referencial teórico-metodológico, a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, com base nos autores Theodor Adorno e Walter Benjamin. As considerações giram em torno da argumentação das possíveis causas e efeitos do empobrecimento da experiência na sociedade burguesa capitalista, com a seguinte questão: ‘Para que viver experiências na formação de professor?’ No sentido que se procura expor, a experiência deixa marcas que passam a pertencer à subjetividade do indivíduo, além de potencializar a racionalidade e a autonomia. A educação inclusiva, por sua vez, revela a educação geral e pode contribuir para uma educação que propicie a resistência e a emancipação humana.Palavras-chave: Experiência; Formação do Professor; Educação Inclusiva. The problem of poverty of experience in teacher training: challenges of inclusive educationABSTRACTThis article aims to discuss the challenges of inclusive education, based on the concept of experience applied to the problem of teacher education. The Critical Theory of Society, based on the authors Theodor Adorno and Walter Benjamin was used as theoretical-methodological reference. Considerations revolve around arguing the possible causes and effects of the impoverishment of experience in capitalist bourgeois society, with the following question: 'Why live experiences in teacher training?' In the sense we seek to expose, experience leaves marks that pass to belong to the subjectivity of the individual, in addition to enhancing rationality and autonomy. Inclusive education, in turn, reveals general education and can contribute to an education that fosters resistance and human emancipation.Keywords: Experience; Teacher Training; Inclusive education. El problema de la pobreza de experiencia en la formación del profesor: desafíos de la educación inclusiva RESUMENEl presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los desafíos de la educación inclusiva, basándose en el concepto de experiencia aplicado a la problemática de la formación docente. Se utiliza como referencial teórico-metodológico, la Teoría Crítica de la Sociedad, basándose en autores como Theodor Adorno y Walter Benjamin. Las consideraciones giran alrededor de la argumentación de las posibles causas y efectos del empobrecimiento de la experiencia en la sociedad burguesa capitalista, con la siguiente cuestión: ¿Para qué vivir experiencias en la experiencia en la formación docente? En el sentido en que se busca exponer, la experiencia deja señas que pertenecen a la subjetividad del individuo, además de potenciar la racionalidad y la autonomía. La educación inclusiva, a su vez, revela la educación general y puede contribuir para una educación que favorezca la resistencia y la emancipación humana.Palabras clave: Experiencia; Formación docente; Educación Inclusiva.


Author(s):  
Rolf Werning ◽  
Myriam Hummel

The implementation of inclusive education in school systems creates new working conditions for all professionals. As a consequence, roles and responsibilities need to be redefined between general education teachers and special educators, and teacher education must be reformed to prepare professionals for the working environment they face in the 21st century. Three theoretical approaches guide the current discourse on teacher education. The competence theory approach focuses on the identification and acquisition of specific competencies. The structural theory approach stresses the importance of dealing with uncertainties and antinomies in the teaching profession. The professional biographical approach highlights the ongoing process of individual professionalization and includes biographical research. Taking the changing working environment into account, a three-pillar model is suggested for teacher education of future primary and secondary teachers, primary and secondary teachers with a focus on special education, and special educators as external support for schools.


Author(s):  
Chieko MURAKAMI ◽  
Shuntaro SUZUKI ◽  
Hideaki SHIMADA ◽  
Kaori KUBOTA ◽  
Fumi OGAWA

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Elaine Jesus Alves ◽  
Bento Duarte da Silva ◽  
Raiane Da Silveira da Silva

Considerando as mudanças ocorridas na educação superior europeia com a implementação do Processo de Bolonha (PB) cujas ações impactam diretamente na ação docente e na formação do professor, este artigo tem o objetivo de mapear as pesquisas realizadas em Portugal sobre a formação de professores no contexto do PB com vista a compreender as implicâncias que uma reforma no ensino superior desta amplitude pode impactar nos trabalho docente dos professores. A metodologia utilizada foi revisão sistemática utilizando pesquisa nos Repositórios Científicos de Acesso aberto de Portugal (RCAAP) que agrega metadados das principais instituições universitárias e de pesquisa daquele país. Os resultados demonstram que os estudos sobre os impactos do PB sobre a formação docente ainda são incipientes  e que, dada a dimensão das mudanças em diversos aspectos que envolvem a profissão docente, existe a necessidade de mais pesquisas e estudos que visem investigar e propor melhorias para os problemas levantados.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Formação de professores; Processo de Bolonha; Ensino Superior.     ABSTRACT Considering the changes that have occurred in European higher education with the implementation of the Bologna Process (PB) whose actions have a direct impact on teacher action and teacher training, this article aims to map the research carried out in Portugal on teacher education in the context of PB with a view to understanding the implications that a reform in higher education of this magnitude can impact the teaching work of teachers. The methodology used was a systematic review using a research in the Scientific Repositories of Open Access of Portugal (RCAAP) that aggregates metadata from the main university and research institutions of that country. The results show that the studies on the impacts of PB on teacher education are still incipient and that given the scale of the changes in several aspects that involve the teaching profession, there is a need for more research and studies aimed at investigating and proposing improvements for teachers problems raised.   KEYWORDS: Teacher training; Process of Bologna; Higher education.     RESUMEN Considerando que los cambios ocurridos en la educación superior europea con la implementación del Proceso de Bolonia (PB) cuyas acciones impactan directamente en la acción docente y en la formación del profesor, este artículo tiene el objetivo de mapear las investigaciones realizadas en Portugal sobre la formación de profesores en el contexto del PB con miras a comprender las implicaciones que una reforma en la enseñanza superior de esta amplitud puede impactar en el trabajo docente de los profesores. La metodología utilizada fue revisión sistemática utilizando investigación en los Repositorios Científicos de Acceso abierto de Portugal (RCAAP) que agrega metadatos de las principales instituciones universitarias y de investigación de aquel país. Los resultados demuestran que los estudios sobre los impactos del PB sobre la formación docente todavía son incipientes y que dada la dimensión de los cambios en diversos aspectos que envuelven la profesión docente, existe la necesidad de más investigaciones y estudios que busquen investigar y proponer mejoras para los jóvenes problemas planteados.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Formación de profesores; Proceso de Bolonia; Enseñanza superior.


2021 ◽  
pp. 152-166
Author(s):  
Марина Петровна Войтеховская ◽  
Светлана Анатольевна Кочурина

В объективных процессах интеграции и унификации в сфере образования каждая национальная система опирается на имеющийся потенциал и накопленный отечественный опыт. Целью данной статьи является реконструкция и обобщение опыта дальневосточных органов власти по реформированию педагогического образования и педагогических учебных заведений в годы Гражданской войны. Основным источником для написания работы послужили архивные материалы, хранящиеся в фондах Российского государственного исторического архива Дальнего Востока. Министерство народного просвещения Временного Сибирского правительства неоднократно поднимало вопросы преобразования системы подготовки учителей, но ни один существенный законопроект принят не был. С 1919 г. вопросами образования на Дальнем Востоке занималось Министерство народного просвещения правительства А. В. Колчака, и этот период связан c усилившейся децентрализацией управления, введением института уполномоченных. С конца 1920 г. на Дальнем Востоке действовали региональные правительства, которые формировали политику в отношении педагогических учебных заведений под влиянием идей Наркомпроса. Региональные органы власти, несмотря на стремление к демократизации институтов управления, не смогли преодолеть инерции накопившихся в сфере образования проблем. Законодательная деятельность Министерства народного просвещения Временного Сибирского правительства была малоэффективной и краткосрочной. С переходом дальневосточных территорий под юрисдикцию местных органов управления региональные отделы народного образования последовали по пути реформирования отдельных педагогических учебных заведений. На пути реформ правительство Дальневосточной республики продвинулось немного дальше, чем Сибирское правительство. За основу реформ были взяты советские принципы построения школы. С усилением общего кризиса местные власти все меньше учитывали мнения профессионального педагогического сообщества, все чаще преобразования носили директивный характер. В результате необдуманных реконструкций учительских институтов и семинарий требовавшая реформ, но слаженная и развивающаяся система педагогического образования была разрушена, заменена на малоэффективные переходные и ограниченные формы, стоящие значительных организационных и финансовых усилий, а запланированные реформы так и не получили достойной реализации. In the objective processes of integration and unification in the field of education, each national system relies on the existing potential and accumulated domestic experience. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct and generalize the experience of the Far Eastern authorities in reforming teacher education and teacher training institutions during the Civil War. The main source for writing the work was archival materials stored in the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far East. The Ministry of Public Education of the Provisional Siberian Government has repeatedly raised the issues of transformation of the teacher training system, but no substantive bill was adopted. Since 1919, Ministry of National Education of the government of A.V. Kolchak dealt with education, and this period is associated with the increased decentralization of management and the introduction of the institute of commissioners. Since the end of 1920, the regional governments operating in the Far East formed a policy towards pedagogical educational institutions under the influence of the ideas of the People’s Commissariat of Education. Regional authorities, despite their desire to democratize governance institutions, have not been able to overcome the inertia of accumulated problems in the field of education. The legislative activity of the Ministry of Public Education of the Provisional Siberian Government was ineffective and short-term. With the transition of the Far Eastern territories under the jurisdiction of local government bodies, regional departments of public education followed the path of reforming individual pedagogical educational institutions. On the path of the reform, the government of the Far Eastern Republic has moved a little further than the Siberian Government. The reforms were based on the soviet principles of school development. As the general crisis intensified, the local authorities took less and less into account the opinions of the professional pedagogical community, and more and more often the changes were of a prescriptive nature. As a result of ill-considered reconstructions of teachers’ institutes and seminaries, the system of teacher education that required reforms but was well-coordinated and developing, was destroyed, replaced with ineffective transitional and limited forms that cost significant organizational and financial efforts, and the planned reforms were not implemented properly.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Hanna Tovkanets

Abstract Research relevance is determined by the need to enhance teacher education, consolidate teachers’ further professional and personal development, increase the prestige of the teaching profession. The article focuses on enhancing professional training of teachers in the European countries under the conditions of lifelong learning. Based on the study and analysis of reseaches by Ukrainian and foreign scholars and some statistical information, the peculiarities of teaching and teacher training have been justified. Mentoring has been described as a way of transferring experience, knowledge, abilities and skills from one age group to another, or from one person to another. It has been found that mentoring aims to provide support and promote self-realization in professional activity. Lifelong learning has been defined as a programme for thinking and activity development. The statistical data on the needs of teacher development and thematic demand and supply in lifelong learning have been analyzed. It has been emphasized that modern trends in the development of lifelong learning for teachers in the EU countries include consolidation and rationalization of organizational structures with the purpose of developing the national systems of postgraduate teacher education based on scientific principles of organization and management theory, as well as orientation towards reaching the balance between the interests of all participants, partners, central authorities of education management, regional and local education authorities, school administration, teachers; stimulating innovative activities of teachers, etc. It has been concluded that taking into account European experience in organizing lifelong learning for teachers will allow Ukraine to enhance professional training of teachers, professionalization in self-education, their reflexive practice of searching for effective ways to integrate the latest technologies into the education process.


Interchange ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Smeplass ◽  
Håkon Leiulfsrud

AbstractA sociological case study of Norwegian teachers reveals how teacher education reforms have inadequate definitions of teacher competence. Legislators, officials and the media continue to uphold the image of a school system and teaching profession in crisis in several OECD countries. For the Nordic welfare states, education is a public good. Mediocre results in international comparisons cause public debate regarding the quality of the educational system. This has led to a devaluation of teachers and teacher education. The aim of this article is to analyze and discuss how teacher education is valued and converted by Norwegian teachers. Interviews and written accounts from novice teachers and persons with teacher training working outside of the school environment suggest an alternative narrative in which teachers’ competences are in high demand. The results and discussion reveal a more nuanced way to view teachers’ expertise as an asset in a multitude of careers.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Jacob Kashililika ◽  
Fabiola Vincent Moshi

Abstract Background When used effectively, the Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) system can bring into reality a revolutionary victory in the fight against maternal and perinatal mortality from avoidable causes. This study aimed at determining the status of implementation of the system among health facilities in the Morogoro Region. Method This study was conducted among 38 health facilities from three districts of the Morogoro region, Tanzania, from April 27, 2020, to May 29, 2020. Quantitative data were collected through document review for MPDSR implementation status. The outcome was determined by using a unique scoring sheet with a total of 30 points. Facilities that scored less than 11 points were considered to be in the pre-implementation phase, those scored 11 to 17 were considered in the implementation phase, and those scored 18 to 30 were considered to be in the institutionalization phase. Results The majority 20(53 %) of health facilities were in the pre-implementation phase, only 15(40 %) of assessed health facilities were in the implementation phase, and few 3(8 %) of health facilities were in institutionalization phase. There was a strong evidence that MPDSR implementation was more advanced in urban compared to rural health facilities (Fisher’s test = 6.158, p = 0.049), hospitals compared to health centers (Fisher’s test =14.609, p <0.001) and private and faith-based organization than public facilities (Fisher’s test, 15.897 = p = 0.002). Conclusions The study revealed that health facilities in Morogoro Region have not adequately implemented the MPDSR system. The majority of health facilities in rural settings and owned by the government showed poor MPDSR implementation and hence called for immediate action to rectify the situation. Strengthen MPDSR implementation, health facilities should be encouraged to adhere to the available MPDSR guidelines in the process of death reviews. Transparent systems should also be established to ensure thorough tracking and follow-up of recommendations evolving from MPDSR reviews. Health facilities should also consider integrating MPDSR to other quality improvement teams to maximize its efficiency.


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