scholarly journals Identitas Budaya Masyarakat Kota: Teater Tradisi di Kota Surabaya Pada Awal Abad XX

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
S. Samidi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Original Art ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Hybrid Art

This study examines why does Ludruk represent the cultural identity of the people of Surabaya? How does society appreciate the traditional theater, especially in Ludruk in their daily practice? The purpose of this article explains the historical reality of Ludruk art that serves as entertainment and cultural identity. This article using the historical method by relying on historical sources. The result shows that theater traditions that existed and famous in Surabaya at the beginning of the 20th century were Comedy Stambul, Wayang Wong, and Ludruk, then appeared Ketoprak in the late 1930s. The appearance of this theater has been adapted to the tastes of the support community. Comedy Stambul is a theater that originated in India, then spread to Southeast Asia. Comedy Stambul is considered as a hybrid art because it comes from a blend of local cultural elements, while Wayang Wong, Ludruk, and Ketoprak an original art derived from customs and local values. Theater that represents the cultural identity of the people of Surabaya is Ludruk.

scholarly journals The Development of Tarutung Into a City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 2676-2685
Author(s):  
Pertiwih Siahaan ◽  
Budi Agustono
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This article discusses the history of the formation of the city of Tarutung. This article answers the problem of how the city of Tarutung developed after the arrival of Western colonialism in the form of religion, military, administration and economy which encouraged the development of Tarutung City. This study uses the historical method through four stages: heuristics (collection of historical sources); verification (source criticism); interpretation (historical analysis and interpretation); and historiography (writing history). Sources as historical data obtained from a number of documents and literature from the colonial to post-colonial period. This study found that the existing Tarutung city was formed into a traditional city which was used as a trading center from a durian tree that grew in the middle of the village with the Batak Toba socio-culture that was implemented before the arrival of Western colonialism. The arrival and colonial influence made the identity of Tarutung City begin to develop both in terms of social, economic, and cultural aspects while maintaining the traditional cultural elements that still exist.

scholarly journals Pembentukan Identitas Sosial Komunitas Hadhrami di Batavia Abad XVIII-XX

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Ahmad Athoillah
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper discusses the process of forming identities carried out by the Hadhrami community in Batavia throughout the late 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century. The taking of the topic was motivated by the strong social identity of the Hadhrami community in Batavia, especially in religion and economy since the 19th century to the present. The problem of this research is about the form and process of forming Hadhrami social identity from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. To answer these problems, a critical historical method is used by using various historical sources and relevant reference studies.Some of the results obtained from this study are various historical realities, such as the formation of social religious symbols including mosques and religious teaching forum. Some important things are the formation of economic identities such as wholesale trade, shipping businesses and property businesses. In addition, there were also shifting settlements from Hadhrami over the Koja people in Pekojan in the early 19th century, as well as the shift of the Hadhrami to the inland of Batavia in the late 19th century. These various realities ultimately affected various forms and processes of forming the social identity of the Hadhrami community, such as the material aspects, language, behavior, and collective ideas of the Hadhrami community especially at the beginning of the 19th century. Generally the Hadhrami community had transformed themselves and their collective parts into colonial society in Batavia until the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals History of the Tendency of the People of Basra to the Osman Empire

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ashraf Azimi Shooshtari
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
War Of Attrition ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Issues ◽  
The City

The history of the tendency of the people of Basra to the Ottoman Empire and the situation of Basra and the people of Basra and their beliefs, from the time of the founding of the city of Basra to the Battle of Jamal, is one of the important historical issues that no one has addressed so far. The purpose of this issue is to provide a general understanding of the Ottoman thought and beliefs and the people of Basra. This study seeks to answer the question of how and when the people of Basra became Ottoman. The present article has been written in a descriptive historical method, using historical sources with the method of collecting library information. The Ottomans were originally a political sect that, after the assassination of the Ottomans under the pretext of bloodshed, waged a war of attrition around Basra led by Talha, Zubair and Aisha. According to historians, most of the people of Basra broke their allegiance to Imam Ali (as) and collaborated with him. The Ottoman ideology, which was hidden from most of the people of Basra before the Battle of Jamal, emerged after that. As a result, the majority of the people of Basra turned to the Ottoman Empire from the time of the Camel War, which is the finding of this article.

Literary reconstructions of the 1904-1908 Herero Nama conflict in Namibia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Coletta M. Kandemiri ◽  
Nelson Mlambo ◽  
Juliet S. Pasi
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
South West ◽  
The People ◽  
General Welfare ◽  
South West Africa

At the beginning of the 20th century (1904-1908), a genocide took place where Herero and Nama people of the then German South West Africa (present day Namibia) were nearly completely decimated by German soldiers. Through the selected factional novels, Parts Unknown (2018) by Zirk Van Den Burg, The Lie of the Land (2017) David Jasper Utley, The Weeping Graves of Our Ancestors (2017) by Rukee Tjingaete, The Scattering (2016) by Lauri Kubuitsile, and Mama Namibia (2013) by Mari Serebrov, this article explores the literary reconstruction of this Herero Nama conflict of 1904 to 1908 with German as the aggressor. The paper considers the pragmatic disposition of the Herero Nama conflict with the Germans as presented from a fictional perspective (faction) and how it is relevant to the reconstruction of the Herero Nama history. Additionally, there are various art forms that specify new modes of expression for the reconstruction of the same historical event and this paper pays attention to some of these forms as presented in the selected texts. Through the analysis, it was found that the selected historical novels recreate the same event but from different angles yet several incidents emerging in the novels relate to the historical reality that is now reenacted through art. Through the analysis of the historical novels, the researchers also found that there seems to be a thin line between the imaginative literary works and the historical events that took place. Lastly, the selected novels demonstrate literature’s immediacy to recreate some critical arguments that are still unsolved even in present day Namibia about the general welfare of the people with the problems that are still linked to the nation’s history.

The Xinhai Revolution in China on the Pages of the Samara Periodic Press

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-393
Author(s):  
Alexey N. Rukhlin ◽  
Oksana A. Rukhlina
Keyword(s):  
Left Wing ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
The People ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Party Press ◽  
The Revolution

Introduction. This article describes the Xinhai Revolution in China. The authors, with the help of the Samara periodicals, highlighted the beginning, course and completion of the revolution, the activities of Sun Yatsen and Yuan Shikai, as well as the social aspects of this period. October 10, 2021, the legitimate successors of the Xinhai Revolution of the PRC and the Republic of China in Taiwan celebrate 110 years. The significance of the presented material is undoubted, since it is based on real historical sources – periodicals of 1911–1912. The purpose of the article is to determine the historical place of the Xinhai Revolution and its importance for the further history of China on the basis of newspaper materials. Materials and Methods. The most important in the study, based on the provisions formulated by the above authors, is the historical method, or, as it is also formulated, the principle of historicism. In carrying out this scientific research, the author relied primarily on special historical or general historical methods. Research Results. The study showed that starting with the Wuchansk uprising on October 10, 1911, metropolitan and provincial newspapers actively followed and published materials about the revolution. The outbreak of riots and uprisings in the provinces were reflected in detail by journalists and editors of Samara newspapers. The left-wing liberal party press, in contrast to the semi-official press, perceived the revolutionary movement of the popular masses in China positively. Discussion and Conclusion. Any revolution is always a large and controversial topic for scientific discussion. The Xinhai Revolution did not lead to the expected results, both among the people and among the bourgeoisie, the intelligentsia and the upper class. It was followed by further turmoil, which led first to the government of the Kuomintang, and then the Communists. It can be concluded that the theme of the Chinese Revolution of 1911–1912 is still relevant. The proposed provisions and conclusions create the prerequisites for further study of this problem.

scholarly journals Moscow and Saint Petersburg Censuses at the Turn of the 20th Century as Sources for Labor History Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kirillovna Shchinova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Structural Content ◽  
Disciplinary Field

The article studies urban censuses taken in Moscow and Saint Petersburg at the turn of the 20th century as important sources for labor history studies (a cross-disciplinary field of research). The article addresses aggregated data of urban censuses taken in Saint Petersburg in 1881, 1890, 1900 and 1910 and in Moscow in 1882, 1902 and 1912 which provide occupational data. The research subject is the structural content of census occupational tables. When analyzing Moscow and Saint Petersburg censuses, the comparative-historical method is used to identify similar and unique data of historical sources. Despite numerous studies carried out by Russian and foreign scholars addressing pre-revolutionary censuses, one of the aspects of the sources (that is temporal occupational distribution of males and females in Moscow and Saint Petersburg) is still poorly studied. The article briefly describes the creation of each census, analyzes the way occupational data were registered and shows changes in the census program of Saint Petersburg and Moscow from 1881 to 1912. One can see different formation of Moscow occupational groups. Whereas an industry branch prevailed in 1882, social status of the worker dominated 1902 and 1912 censuses. In Saint Petersburg the distribution was related to an industry branch accompanied by a production status. The author considers census structure studies important for comparing temporal data and further analysis of labor activity in Moscow and Saint Petersburg presented in the sources understudy.   

scholarly journals Social history of Capoeira through images. The Raul Pederneiras’ "silhouettes"

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Coelho Araújo ◽  
Ana Rosa Jaqueira
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Archaeology ◽  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Identity Element ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
History Of

The study of Capoeira through the interpretation of images is characterized by being practically non-existent, and contains superficial and scarcely informed interpretations of its presence in Brazil. This study is based on the historical method and also is supported by the principles of the Historical Archaeology (Orser Jr., 1992) and those developed by Panofsky (1986) on the interpretation of images. For this study, we selected an <em>iconography</em>- "Silhouette" - by Pederneiras (1926). From this artist’s work and the accompanying text it is highlighted the apology of Brazilian's fight and its supremacy over other self-defense expressions known at the time in Brazil, the recognition of the potential of Capoeira as a physical exercise, and Pederneira’s comments on some contextual facts, highlighting the interference of its practitioners in Brazilian politics and their role as bodyguards recruited by politicians. He also referred its most famous practitioners, the gangs of Capoeira and their typical language and costumes in the Carioca society of the late 19th and early 20th century. This information, and specially the strokes depicted in the image, allows us to reconstruct the history of Capoeira movements, given the scarcity of historical sources in this field. Through this silhouette, Pederneiras sought to raise awareness among government authorities to adopt the Brazilian fight as a national identity element and recognize it as the National Gymnastics.<p> </p>

scholarly journals BUDI DAYA KELAPA DAN PEMASARAN KOPRA DI BUOL 1970-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhon Rivel Purba ◽  
Wilman Darsono Lumangino
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Global Market ◽  
New Order ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
The Government

As the price of copra increased in the global market, coconut cultivation in Buol received great attention in the early 20th century. During the New Order, the government paid attention again to people’s plantations, especially coconuts. Coconut cultivation was promoted in several areas, including Buol. This paper scrutinizes the cultivation process and development of copra production in Buol. The commodities were closely related because the cultivation process greatly affected the production of copra. This study used the historical method to suggest that the people of Buol were cultivating coconut because of its great benefits, including how easy it was to be processed. In addition, other findings of this study indicate that the price of copra at the plantation level was determined by interconnected factors such as the quality of copra, the marketing network, and the absence of koperasi (economic enterprise) as a market counterweight. The study also found that although they were seen as economic symbols for the Buolese, these two commodities did not contribute significantly to the welfare of Buolese, particularly the small farmers who do not have vast cultivating lands.

Main Forms of Propagandistic Activities of the Right-Wing Parties (1904–1914)

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 656-676
Author(s):  
Igor V. Omeliyanchuk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article examines the main forms and methods of agitation and propagandistic activities of monarchic parties in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century. Among them the author singles out such ones as periodical press, publication of books, brochures and flyers, organization of manifestations, religious processions, public prayers and funeral services, sending deputations to the monarch, organization of public lectures and readings for the people, as well as various philanthropic events. Using various forms of propagandistic activities the monarchists aspired to embrace all social groups and classes of the population in order to organize all-class and all-estate political movement in support of the autocracy. While they gained certain success in promoting their ideology, the Rights, nevertheless, lost to their adversaries from the radical opposition camp, as the monarchists constrained by their conservative ideology, could not promise immediate social and political changes to the population, and that fact was excessively used by their opponents. Moreover, the ideological paradigm of the Right camp expressed in the “Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationality” formula no longer agreed with the social and economic realities of Russia due to modernization processes that were underway in the country from the middle of the 19th century.

Private letters of Siberian exiles about the ‘Turukhansk revolt’: 1908–1912

2018 ◽  
pp. 508-521
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Baksht ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Police Department ◽  
General System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
State Management ◽  
Management Institutions

The article studies the Turukhansk region as a territory with distinct climatic conditions and, consequently, with distinctive state management institutions and does so in the context of modernization processes of late 19th – early 20th century. This part of the Yenisei gubernia having become a region of mass exile after the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907, its integration into a general system of management slowed down. Private letters of exiles are an important historical source, they reveal many aspects of the daily life of the persons under supervising in the inter-revolutionary period. The ‘Turukhansk revolt’ in the winter of 1908/09 revealed not only the ineffectiveness of exile as a penal measure, but also severel major problems of the region: archaic and scanty management institutions, lack of transport communication with southern uezds of the gubernia, underpopulation, and also gubernia and metropolitan officials’ ignorance of local affairs. The agencies of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs expanded the practice of perlustration as involvement in the revolutionary movement grew. Siberian exiles had their correspondence routinely inspected, and yet in most cases they were inexperienced enough not to encrypt their messages. Surviving perlustration materials offer an ambivalent picture of the ‘Turukhansk revolt’: there were both approval and condemnation of the participants’ actions. The documents tell a tale of extreme cruelty of the punitive detachments even towards those who were not involved in the resistance. The subject of the Siberian exile of the early 20th century has research potential. There is virtually no scholarship on the exiles’ self-reflection concerning the ‘common violence’ of both anti-governmental groups and state punitive agencies. Diversification in political/party or social/class affiliation is not enough. The new materials have revealed a significant gap between several ‘streams’ of exiles: those banished to Siberia in midst of the First Russian Revolution differed from those exiled in 1910s. The article concludes that, having departed from the previous approach to studying the exile, ego-sources cease to be of lesser importance than other types of historical sources. Their subjectivity becomes an advantage for a high-quality text analysis.

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