scholarly journals STEREOTIP TENTANG DIFABEL: SEBUAH PERSPEKTIF KOMUNIKASI LINTAS BUDAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Drajat Wicaksono ◽  
Nikmah Suryandari ◽  
Allyvia Camelia
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Negative Perception ◽  
Communication Difficulties

This paper will describe the study of stereotypes in persons with disabilities, from the perspective of intercultural communication. During this time people with disabilities often get a bad stigma and are still underestimated as a party that needs to be pitied. For families, sometimes people with disabilities are considered a disgrace that needs to be covered up. The assumption that people with disabilities are different and even abnormal is shown as a form of negative perception that is nothing but part of the stereotype. Stereotype is not only from the labeling process of the community, but also the labeling process carried out by the diffable to himself who is aware of the disabilities that he has. Communication difficulties will arise from stereotyping, which generalizes people based on little information and shapes people's assumptions based on their membership in a group. In other words, stereotyping is the process of placing people into established categories, or judgments about people or objects based on appropriate categories, rather than on their individual characteristics. In the study of intercultural communication, stereotyping is the categorization of a group in general by ignoring individual differences. These groups include: racial groups, ethnic groups, the elderly, various professional occupations, or people with certain physical appearance. Stereotype does not view individuals in the group as unique people or individuals

scholarly journals Accessible Wayfinding Solutions for Persons with Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mada Center
Keyword(s):  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Visual Disabilities ◽  
Persons With Disabilities

The task of navigating through new spaces can often be challenging for people with disabilities, and especially for people with visual disabilities and the elderly unless they were already acquainted with the pathways and key landmarks. This applies to both indoor and...

scholarly journals TAKING INTO ACCOUNT FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS IN ASSESSING THE RISK OF INJURY OF EMPLOYEE WITH DISABILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (156) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
K. Danova ◽  
V. Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
General Level ◽  
Health State ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Risk Of Injury

The organization of employment of vulnerable groups, including people with disabilities, is an important so-cio-economic issue, because providing opportunities for professional development creates the conditions for im-proving the level of economic protectability of disabled person, as well as has a positive influence on his psycho-logical state. However, the employment of people with special needs at the workplaces is connected with an in-creased risk of injury. This is due to the presence of persistent functional changes in the health state of workers with disabilities, as well as dangerous and harmful factors present at the workplace. Therefore, employers seek to avoid employing people with disabilities, despite the requirements of human rights law, anti-discrimination laws, and programs and services aimed to provide support and employment opportunities for people with disabilities. The purpose of the article is to develop a scientifically grounded approach to taking into account the func-tional state of persons with disabilities in determining the risk of injury at performing production tasks at the workplaces of enterprises of basic sectors of the economy. The novelty of the approach to risk assessment is based on the using individual risk of injury specific to the enterprise of a particular industry, taking into account the functional state of a person with a disability working at a particular workplace, carried out by using the appro-priate coefficient. The value of the coefficient depends on the number of criteria for life activity limitations, which are determined by the medical and social expert commission, as well as the maximum value of the severity of the criteria. Thus, the proposed approach allows taking into account not only the general level of injuries inherent in a particular industry, but also the individual characteristics of a particular employee. This approach allows providing the employer with information in decision-making about improving the management system of occupa-tional safety at the enterprise. Keywords: person with disability, occupational safety, individual risk, trauma

scholarly journals Inclusive Planning: African Policy Inventory and South African Mobility Case Study on the Exclusion of Persons with Disabilities and Other Vulnerable Groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne J.W.A. Vanderschuren ◽  
Obiora Nnene
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Inclusive Policy

Abstract BackgroundAlmost half of the African population is under the age of 18 years, while females make up just over half of the overall population. Estimates of the number of persons living with disabilities, on the African continent, range between 60-300 million individuals. Children, the elderly, females and people with disabilities all require amendments to traditional transport planning.MethodThis paper investigates the availability of transport policies and guidelines in 29 different African countries, focussing on the inclusion of persons with disabilities, women and children. A desktop study was conducted, followed by the analysis of secondary data in the case study area, South Africa, demonstrating that the lack of adequate policies, guidelines and appropriate implementation leads to a lack of accessibility, opportunities and social isolation. ResultsThe data analysed revealed that Ghana and Kenya, have the most inclusive policy and legislative framework, while Tanzania has the most inclusive transport related framework. The private sector, NGOs, and NPOs are most active in the inclusion of people living with disabilities in Ghana, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania and South Africa.In South Africa (STATSSA, 2013), over 2.2 million people (4.5% of the population) did not travel at all in the seven days before the interview, as their disability or age prohibits them to do so, or due to a lack of appropriate services. When comparing the trip rates per week, people with disabilities travel significantly less than their abled counterparts, between 65.8% and 27.2% less.ConclusionsThe study concludes that people with disability live less integrated, more isolated lives, due to the lack of accommodating infrastructure and services, in addition to the lack of binding policies, legislation, standards and guidelines. The results underpin the need for Disability Inclusive Planning in the African context and provides recommendations that mitigate the isolation challenges faced by people with disabilities.

ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF CREATION AND FUNCTIONING OF A BARRIER-FREE ENVIRONMENT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Marova ◽  
◽  
Ulyana Tokareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Services ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Free Environment

Іn the article deals, that the creation of an inclusive environment is an important priority of modern public policy, which considers the issues of accessibility, protection of the rights of people with disabilities and equal opportunities in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals until 2030. It has been proved that for the implementation of organizational measures for physical disability, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of the concept of universal design and reasonable adaptation, transport accessibility, and the implementation of new building codes. Local authorities should adopt special programs and create an inclusive environment for everyone, including children, women, the elderly, representatives of other groups, realizing their rights to individual adaptation, assistive devices, and a comfortable public space. It is noted that an important area that covers a significant range of organizational issues is economic inclusion. Economic inclusion means providing conditions and opportunities for employment, obtaining financing for entrepreneurship, developing social entrepreneurship, and vocational rehabilitation for all groups of citizens. It has been established that in a pandemic, more attention should be paid to organizing vocational rehabilitation for persons who have lost contact with the labor market or persons who need additional protection in the labor market. The importance of information inclusion and the development of appropriate state standards of social services for the translation of sign speech, accompanying persons with visual impairments, accompanying people with disabilities in employment and social and labor adaptation has been substantiated.The conditions for the development of rehabilitation services in accordance with the requirements of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities are considered. It is proved that the main directions of development of the system of rehabilitation services in Ukraine require an integrated approach in connection with the medical reform in the country. To implement organizational measures, public authorities need to constantly monitor compliance with the standards of accessibility. It is necessary to reform the legislation on the employment of people with disabilities and strengthen the work of state bodies in the field of employment.

To The Problem Of Researching Individual Concepts In Author’s Texts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Nadezhda V. Razumkova
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Anthropological Linguistics ◽  
Individual Concepts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Aesthetic Values ◽  
Individual Style

This article reviews the text concept studies on the material of a Russian poem and its translation into Chinese within the framework of the anthropological linguistics. The study of individual concepts, embodying the ethical and aesthetic values of a creative person, is relevant and promising for the further development of establishing their role in the implementation of a writer’s individual style in translation. The author analyzes the lexical-semantic space, which implements a fragment of the content of the universal concept of HOME, presented in the original and translated texts. The author presents a linguistic experiment carried out among Chinese students. Its purpose was to consider the cognitive (indicative, figurative, and situational) basis of the content of the translation and the degree of its compliance with the author’s intention. The tasks include the description of translation transformations as well as interpretation of the mental reactions of Chinese respondents. The results obtained indicate that the author’s representation of the HOME concept is achieved through the use of cognitive structures, associated with Russian traditional views. The representation of the discursive concept by interpreters is accompanied by cognitive refraction in terms of the associative development of thoughts. Literary translation is seen as an indirect act of intercultural communication, the subjects of which — the author, translator, and reader — have a set of individual characteristics, lining up on the principle of following an ethnic cultural standard to individual-emotional and gender marked manifestations.

scholarly journals Individual quality of life and the environment – towards a concept of livable areas for persons with disabilities in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Grabowska ◽  
Radosław Antczak ◽  
Jan Zwierzchowski ◽  
Tomasz Panek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [1] highlights the need to create proper socioeconomic and political conditions for persons with disabilities, with a special focus on their immediate living conditions. According to the Convention, these conditions should be built to ensure that persons with disabilities have the potential to enjoy a high quality of life (QoL), and this principle is reflected in the notion of livable areas. The crucial aspect of this framework is the relationship between the individual QoL and the environment, broadly understood as the socioeconomic as well as the technical conditions in which persons with disabilities function. Methods The basic research problem was to assess the relationship between individual QoL for the population with disabilities as a dependent variable and livability indicators as independent variables, controlling for individual characteristics. The study used a dataset from the EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) survey carried out in 2015 in Poland. The research concept involved several steps. First, we created a variable measuring the QoL for the entire population with disabilities. To measure the multidimensional QoL, we used Sen’s capability approach as a general concept, which was operationalized by the MIMIC (multiple indicators multiple causes) model. In the second step, we identified the livability indicators available in the official statistics, and merged them with survey data. Finally, in the last step, we ran the regression analysis. We also checked the data for the nested structure. Results We confirmed that the general environmental conditions, focused on creating livable areas, played a significant role in shaping the QoL of persons with disabilities; i.e., we found that the higher the level of the local Human Development Index, the higher the quality of life of the individuals living in this area. This relationship held even after controlling for the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Moreover, we found that in addition to the general environmental conditions, the conditions created especially for persons with disabilities (i.e., services for this group and support for their living conditions) affected the QoL of these individuals. Conclusions The results illustrate the need to strengthen policies aimed at promoting the QoL of persons with disabilities by creating access to community assets and services that can contribute to improving the life chances of this population.

scholarly journals Elderly Suitability of Park Recreational Space Layout Based on Visual Landscape Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6443
Author(s):  
Weiyi Yu ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Bindong Sun
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Visual Landscape

Urban parks are critical for sustainable urban development. They are of theoretical and practical significance for analyzing the visual landscape of recreational spaces from the perspective of the elderly. This analysis can be used for exploring new methods for optimizing recreational space layouts to improve the physical and mental health of the elderly in parks, thus realizing the sustainable development of urban society. Taking Ziyang Park in Shangrao Central District of Jiangxi Province, China, as an example, starting from the visual characteristics of the elderly, this study quantitatively calculated the landscape viewability, total view ratio, and water view ratio for the elderly in each recreational space using Python Scripting for ArcGIS. We briefly express the elderly suitability of the visual landscape for each recreational space through a weighted synthesis of the calculation results. Our findings show that, in Ziyang Park, the elderly suitability of the visual landscape for recreational spaces is not only low overall, but also gradually decreases from the interior to the exterior of this park. Moreover, this spatial distribution may be caused by the location of zoning, surface elevation, and road slopes, as well as the individual characteristics of each recreational space. Finally, we discuss the requirements of the elderly for some geographical factors, along with the feasibility of using ArcGIS 3-D analysis to optimize the layout of the park recreational space, with the aim of providing a new research perspective and an effective reference method for designing layouts of such spaces that are favorable for the elderly to better guarantee the sustainable development of urban society.

Inter-Ethnic Dynamics in the Wake of Terrorist Attacks: Evidence from the 2015 Baga Massacre

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Belmonte
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Far North ◽  
North East

AbstractThis paper investigates the consequences for inter-group conflicts of terrorist attacks. I study the 2015 Baga massacre, a large scale attack conducted by Boko Haram at the far North-East state of Borno, Nigeria, as a quasi-natural experiment and examine a set of attitudes in the aftermath of the event of Christians and Muslims throughout the country. Comparing individuals, outside the region of Borno, interviewed by Afrobarometer immediately after the massacre and those interviewed the days before within same regions and holding fixed a number of individual characteristics, I document that the informational exposure to the event rendered Christians less amiable to neighboring Muslims and Muslims less likely to recognize the legitimacy of the state. Nonetheless, Muslims increased their view of the elections as a device to remove leaders in office, event that took place 2 months later with the election of the challenger, Muhammadu Buhari. My findings indicate that terrorist attacks may generate a relevant and heterogeneous backlash across ethnic groups.

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