scholarly journals The Digital Turn in Geopolitics: Gojek’s Strategy of Digital Space and Its Geopolitical Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-57
Author(s):  
Ajie Mahar Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Intellectual Discourse ◽  
Information Power ◽  
Startup Company ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Digital Spaces

Digital transformation has revolutionized all aspects of life due to its connectivity cap bility. However, the discipline of contemporary Geopolitics has not discussed it in-depth, and is still pinned towards the modern geopolitics discourse focusing merely on regional geopolitical contestations. This article aims to enrich the intellectual discourse on postmodern geopolitics embracing the digital turn in geopolitics. Focusing on non-state actors, this study scrutinizes Gojek, an Indonesian decacorn startup company, by asking how Gojek’s strategization of their digital spaces results in geopolitical implications. Epistemologically, this article utilizes Foucaultian governmentality and the concept of power-knowledge to understand geopolitical power of Gojek and explain how they construct their information power. This study finds that Gojek constructs their power through building digital spaces which connects the customers with Gojek’s partners. The empire of connectivity which Gojek has established does not merely give them power in the digital realm but also in real politics. There exist some geopolitical implications because of Gojek’s strategizing of digital space such as (i) the emergent information power of digital connectivity; (ii) the use of information-based startup as means of Indonesia’s diplomacy; (iii) the emergent power of the person who designs and leads the construction of digital spaces. Further research with a different sample is required to enrich the discourse on digital turn in geopolitics since this research only scrutinizes a case in one of the developing countries. 

scholarly journals GLOBAL DIGITAL SPACE MONOPOLIZATION: GROWING THREATS TO THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE WAYS FOR ITS OVERCOMING

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Алла Александровна Праневич
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
The Republic

Цель исследования - обобщение опыта развивающихся стран и оценка возможностей Республики Беларусь по смягчению угроз роста цифрового неравенства и эффективной интеграции в глобальное цифровое пространство. В статье определены источники, формы и угрозы проявления монополистических тенденций в современной мировой экономике. Показано, что технологическое развитие, формирование новых инновационных рынков и бизнес-моделей, порождают принципиально новые источники монополистической власти, тем самым создавая условия для усиления цифрового неравенства стран, связанного с их дифференциацией по доступу к цифровой инфраструктуре, возможностями организации цифровой торговли, ростом неконтролируемого влияния цифровых платформ в силу обладания большими массивами данных и использования методов ценовой дискриминации. Доказано, что значительность технологического неравенства и цифровых разрывов, конфликтность их последствий вызывает необходимость государственного и наднационального регулирования экономических и конкурентных процессов. Определено, что в отсутствии у Республики Беларусь достаточного ресурсного, институционального, финансового, технологического обеспечения для цифровой трансформации в новом ключе необходимо рассматривать возможности развития международного сотрудничества и использования преимуществ консолидации форм экономического пространства для создания конкурентоспособных платформенных компаний, национальных и региональных промышленных экосистем, роста через цифровую трансформацию конкурентоспособности экономического пространства. The research defines sources, forms and threats to monopolization in the modern world economy. The goal of the investigation is to combine developing countries experience and to assess the Republic of Belarus opportunities to mitigate threats of digital inequality and successful integration into the global digital space. It is shown that technological development, new innovative markets and business models development are resulted in completely new sources of monopolistic authority. That creates the conditions for the rise in countries digital inequality related to the differentiation in the digital infrastructure access, opportunities e-commerce settlement through big data possession and the use of price discrimination methods. It has been proved that the significance of technological inequality and digital divide, the conflict nature of their consequences necessitates governmental and supranational regulation of economic and competitive processes. It has been determined that in the absence of sufficient resource, institutional, financial, technological support for digital transformation in the country, the possibilities of developing international cooperation should be regarded in its new capacity. It is necessary to take the advantages of various forms of economic space consolidation through the digital transformation of the economic space competitiveness to create competitive platform companies, national and regional industrial ecosystems and insure rapid growth.

‘Soft Law in a Hard Shell’: India, International Rulemaking and the International Solar Alliance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Vyoma Jha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
Soft Law ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Political Economy Approach

Abstract This article examines the creation of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), a new international organization led by India and backed primarily by developing countries. Official documents and wide-ranging interviews offer insights into the treaty-making process. Using a political economy approach to the study of international law, the article analyzes politico-legal issues associated with the creation of the ISA. The legal form of the ISA is best described as ‘soft law in a hard shell’: it uses the legal infrastructure of a treaty while relying on the social structure of participating actors for its future implementation. Empirical evidence suggests that three factors explain the treaty structure of the ISA: India's leadership role in the treaty-making process, the early involvement of non-state actors, and the preference of developing countries for legal form. Ultimately, the case illustrates India's shift towards a leadership role in climate change governance, and the steady emergence of non-state actors in driving climate action.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF CONCENTRIC INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Iurii Teslia ◽  
Hryhoriy Zaspa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Functional Problems

Modern world trends in education are aimed at the digital transformation of educational institutions. Traditional approaches to higher education institutions informatization through their automation no longer meet the requirements of the time. Therefore, new approaches are needed, based on the digitalization of educational processes aimed at creating digital universities. For this purpose, the current state of information systems in higher education institutions use and the issue of higher education institutions digital transformation were studied. The problem of automation tools separation was revealed, which does not allow to effectively implement digitalization projects, does not allow to create a single system of building digital universities. It is proposed to solve the digital transformation of higher education institutions problem based on the use of concentric information technology developed in this study, which integrates all information bases, methods and means of solving functional problems into a single digital space to maximize information needs of higher education institutions. This technology is based on the following developed in the study: 1) concentric model of information technology of digital transformation of higher education institutions, which allows to integrate methods and tools of information management to create a single higher education institutions digital space; 2 functionally independent method of information management of higher education institutions, which allows to create universal tools of informatization, which are independent of the composition and specifics of the construction of the created tools of solving functional problems; 3) interlayer information interaction methods, providing reflection in the processes of each of the layers of changes in the information environment of neighboring layers. The results of the study were used in the construction of information and analytical system of the university educational activities support, which was developed and implemented at Cherkasy State Technological University.

scholarly journals Factor Associated With Teacher Satisfaction and Online Teaching Effectiveness Under Adversity Situations: A Case of Vietnamese Teachers During COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 002205742110394
Author(s):  
Phuong-Tam Pham ◽  
Thanh-Thao Thi Phan ◽  
Yen-Chi Nguyen ◽  
Anh-Duc Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Education System ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Teacher Satisfaction ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Pedagogical Skills ◽  
The World

How teachers perform and react to the world-wide pandemic and how the epidemic affects an education system may also be used as new conditions to consider the way to enhance SDG4 in developing countries. Regarding that concern, this study investigated 294 teachers’ perspective on their teaching effectiveness and satisfaction during COVID-19. The findings underlined the significant roles of support from various stakeholders, school readiness toward digital transformation, and teachers’ anxiety over teacher satisfaction. Notably, teachers’ newly absorbed technological and pedagogical skills do elevate their teaching effectiveness but do not lead to higher satisfaction during the pandemic.

Development of Digital Libraries in Pakistan

2009 ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwal Ameen ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Digital Library ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Cultural Divide

This chapter aims to discuss the development of digital libraries in Pakistan. It gives an account of the digital transformation taking place in the country and reviews a few digital library initiatives. It discusses a number of issues associated with the development of digital libraries with specific reference to Pakistan. The major issues appear are as follows: misconception about digital libraries; lack of technological applications; lack of human resources with needed skills; copyright and publishing; cultural divide; digital divide, and insufficient financial support. The authors believe that understanding the underlying issues will not only accelerate the development of DL in Pakistan, but also in other developing countries with more or less common environment.

scholarly journals The Role of Non-State Actors and Institutions in the Governance of New and Emerging Digital Technologies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Leiser ◽  
Andrew Murray
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Digital Governance ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Governance Institutions ◽  
Private Corporations ◽  
Regulatory Models

New digital technologies pose particular problems for regulators. The utility of these technologies is maximized by linking them to the Internet. But Internet technology does not respect national borders, thereby undermining the traditional legitimacy of the Westphalian state to regulate activity within its jurisdictional borders. This has led to the development of competing cyber-regulatory models that attempt to bridge the gap between traditional Westphalian governance and the new reality of the global digital space. Many of these, although not all, fit within post-Westphalian literature. Some, drawing from globalization and post-Westphalian models, seek to identify and deploy key governance nodes. Such models identify roles for non-state actors, private corporations, and supranational governance institutions. The unhappy relationship between old-world, Westphalian legal governance and new-world, post-Westphalian governance generates ongoing conflict and is the backdrop to this chapter which identifies and discusses a number of case studies in digital governance.

scholarly journals Exploring Experience at the Intersection of Migration and Digital Democracy in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-163
Author(s):  
Iris Lim
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Digital Democracy ◽  
Digital Management ◽  
Digital Spaces

Abstract This article examines how digital spaces for political participation by migrants are experienced and governed in South Korea. Drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted in Seoul, South Korea, between April and July 2018, this article argues that migrant participation in digital democratic processes in South Korea is hindered by a fragmented and centralized digital management, which can be linked back to the specific historical-political context in which this digital space was developed.

scholarly journals Realizing an online conference

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-346
Author(s):  
Beatrix Busse ◽  
Ingo Kleiber
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Physical Event ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract This paper aims to assist future organizers of international online conferences with designing and realizing these events. On the basis of the authors’ experience of having to move a corpus linguistics conference – originally planned as a physical event – into the digital space, this paper describes the conference’s organization and management structure, outlines the software and communication tools used and sketches what is important to foster interaction and discourse among participants. The paper contains a manual and a checklist for preparing an online conference, and a discussion of the chances of online and hybrid conferences in terms of outreach, Open Access and co-creation. It ends with an appeal to colleagues to devise conferences with courage, develop new ways of transferring linguistic research findings (to the public) and to move out of their comfort zones to sustainably use the digital transformation for innovative paths of exchanging research findings.

Social Policy in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melani Cammett ◽  
Aytug Sasmaz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Welfare Mix ◽  
State Actors

This chapter reviews the growing body of scholarly literature on welfare regimes in developing countries. Many studies in this research program explicitly or implicitly draw on the approaches and methods of historical institutionalism. However, the authors argue that a true appreciation of the origins and transformation of welfare regimes in developing countries calls for more extensive and systematic applications of the methods and approaches from the historical institutionalist toolkit and should incorporate greater attention to the role of non-state actors in the welfare mix.

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