scholarly journals Isolasi Glukosamin dari Limbah Cangkang Rajungan Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus,1758) (Malacostraca:Portunidae) dengan Hidrolisis Asam Klorida

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Miftahul Akhyar Ghofari ◽  
Ali Ridlo ◽  
Rini Pramesti
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Small Crab ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Crab Shell Waste

ABSTRAK: Glukosamin merupakan monomer dari kitosan yang dapat diperoleh dari  limbah  cangkang rajungan (P pelagicus). Glukosamin dibutuhkan  dalam pembentukan dan perbaikan tulang rawan dan jaringan tubuh lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik glukosamin dari limbah cangkang rajungan. Proses isolasi kitosan rajungan terdiri dari deproteinasi dengan NaOH 3N, demineralisasi dengan HCl 1N, dan deasetilasi dengan NaOH 50%. Kitosan yang diperoleh dianalisis karakteristik dan derajat deasetilasinya, selanjutnya kitosan dihidrolisis secara kimia dengan larutan HCl 20% pada suhu kamar selama 4 jam. Glukosamin yang dihasilkan dihitung rendemen, loss on drying (LoD), tingkat kelarutan dan derajat deasetilasinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan rendemen kitosan cangkang rajungan adalah 11,3%, berwarna putih, tidak berbau, kadar air 9,2%, kadar abu 5,4%, dan derajat deasetilisasi 90,8%. Rendemen glukosamin sebesar 8,6%, dengan nilai Loss on Drying 1,3%, kelarutan sebesar 72% dan derajat deasetilisasi sebesar 96,95%. Spektra infrared menunjukan adanya gugus -NH, -OH, -CH dan –C=O yang sesuai dengan yang terdapat pada glukosamin. ABSTRACT: Glucosamine is a monomer from chitosan which can be obtained from small crab shell (P pelagicus) waste. Glucosamine is needed in the formation and repair of cartilage and other body tissues. This study aims to determine the characteristics of glucosamine from small crab shell waste. The process of isolating chitosan from small crab shells consisted of deproteination with 3N NaOH, demineralization with 1N HCl, and deacetylation with 50% NaOH. The chitosan obtained was analyzed its characteristics and degrees of deacetylation, then chitosan was chemically hydrolyzed with 20% HCl solution at room temperature for 4 hours. The resulting glucosamine is then calculated yield, loss on drying (LoD), solubility level and degree of deacetylation. The results showed that the yield of chitosan crab shells was 11.3%, white, odorless, 9.2% moisture content, 5.4% ash content, and 90.8% deacetylation rate. Glucosamine yield was 8.6%, with a Loss on Drying value of 1.3%, solubility of 72% and the degree of deacetylation of 96.95%. Infrared spectra show the presence of -NH, -OH, -CH and -C = O groups that match those found in glucosamine

scholarly journals Temperature Effect of Water Coagulation Bath on Chitin Fiber Prepared through Wet-Spinning Process

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1909
Author(s):  
Khoa Dang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spinning Process ◽  
Crab Shell Waste

Chitin was chemically extracted from crab shell waste and dissolved in N,N-dimethyl acetamine/5% lithium chloride (DMAc/5% LiCl) at room temperature to obtain 1% and 2% concentrations of chitin solution. Chitin fibers were prepared by phase inversion at different temperatures of water coagulation bath at 5, 20, and 60 °C. The deconvolution of FTIR spectra indicated that the area portion of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding NH…OC increased at 60 °C due to the higher density of the chitin segment in the fiber. As a result, scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement suggests that a denser structure of the chitin fiber was observed when the temperature of the coagulation bath increased. In addition, the resultant chitin fibers generated better mechanical properties relative to the amount of chitin concentration and temperature. At 2% of chitin solution, the tensile strength significantly increased from 80 to 182 MPa for the fiber obtained at temperatures of 5 and 60 °C of the water coagulation bath, respectively. Meanwhile, the water content in the fiber significantly decreased from 1101% to 335%. This green synthesis route has high potential for the fabrication of the fiber as future material of interest for biomedical application.

APLIKASI ABSORBEN DAN FILTER CHITOSAN DARI LIMBAH CANGKANG KEPITING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AIR YANG MENGANDUNG LOGAM BERAT

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngadino . ◽  
Koerniasari .
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Lead Ion ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Crab Shell Waste

Chitosan is a natural polymer derived from crab shell waste through a process of deproteination,demineralization, and deacetylation. Chitosan reported to be an effective adsorbent to remove someheavy metals. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan from crab shellwaste as an adsorbent and filter for increase water quality that contain heavy metals such as mercury(Hg) and lead (Pb). This experimental involved the determination of the adsorption and filter of chitosanfor mercury and lead ion. It was used solution of 500 mg/L lead and 1 mg/L mercury and was addedchitosan 0 %/ 2 % and 4 %. Then the mixture was continuously stirred using magnetic stirrer for 1hours at room temperature. After that solution was filtered and filtrate were analyzed using atomicadsorption spectroscopy to determine amount of lead and mercury adsorbed by chitosan. The resultindicated that the adsorption capacity of chitosan depends strongly on concentration of chitosan and onthe species of metallic ions in the water. The adsorption capacity for the mercury on chitosan was lowerthan lead. Chitosan, a type of biopolymer, is a good adsorbent to remove various kinds of heavy metalions. Chitosan has the highest adsorption capacity for mercury and lead ions because they have functionalgroups such as hydroxyls and amines which can bind mercury and lead ions. This chitosan can be a goodcandidate as adsorbent for adsorption of not only mercury and lead ions but also other heavy metal ions inwater.

scholarly journals Recovery Kitin Dari Limbah Cangkang Rajungan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hazqil Kadzim ◽  
Djaenudin Djaenudin ◽  
Etih Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Small Crab ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Chitin Extraction ◽  
Crab Shell Waste ◽  
Scanning Electron

The small crab animal is important for the fisheries sector in Indonesia, but usually the small crab industry only takes meat and allows the crab shell to become a pile of waste.  To reduce the potential for pollution caused by a small crab shell waste, the waste can be reused to obtain chitin.  Small crab shell waste still contains quite a lot of chemical compounds, including protein, minerals (CACO), and chitin.  The study conducted chitin extraction with a process preceded by deproteination and then demineralization.  Chitin was characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).  The results showed that chitin was successfully extracted from the small crab shell through the deproteination and demineralization process with FTIR l, which results the characteristic spectrum of chitin compounds such as waves of 3433 cm 'for -OH, -NH groups.  The absorption around the wave number 3433 cm occurs because of the overlap between the absorption -NH and -OH and the wave number 701 cm 'for the b-1,4-glycosidic group.

scholarly journals The Use of Different Deacetylation Temperature Toward Quality of Chitosan Mud Crab Shell (Scylla serrata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
R Karnila ◽  
S Loekman ◽  
S Humairah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract This research aims to determine the chemical composition (proximate) of chitosan and chitin, The best deacetylation temperature for obtaining chitosan, and the yield of chitosan and chitin from mud crab. This research was conducted in two stages, that is: 1) Preparation of mud crab flour and 2) Extraction and analysis of chitin and chitosan. The experimental design used for chitosan isolation was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The process of deacetylation chitin becomes chitosan by using 50% NaOH with varying heating temperatures (120, 130, and 140°C). Parameters observed were yield, moisture content, ash content, and degrees of deacetylation. The result showed that the best chitosan was obtained by chitin deacetylation process into chitosan using a temperature of 130°C (KO2). Characteristics quality of the chitosan mud crab shell produced are KO1: yield 61.00%, moisture content 6.47%, ash content 17.18% (db), and degree of deacetylation 49.63%. KO2: yield 59.94%, moisture content 6.48%, ash content 14.85% (db) with degree of deacetylation 51.13%. KO3: yield 53,97, moisture content 6.54%, ash content 14.66% (db) and degree of deacetylation 52.63%. Characteristic quality of chitin included yield was 27.81%, moisture content 7.29%, ash 44.05%, and degree of deacetylation 33.09%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of enzymatic activity and identification of potent proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria isolated from crab shell waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOH DLIYAUDDIN ◽  
TRI ARDYATI ◽  
SUHARJONO
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Chitinolytic Bacteria ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Crab Shell Waste

Abstract. Dliyauddin M, Ardyati T, Suharjono. 2020. Evaluation of enzymatic activity and Identification of Potent Proteolytic and Chitinolytic Bacteria Isolated from Crab Shell Waste. Biodiversitas 21: 211-218. Proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria are needed to degrade protein-chitin fibers in crab shell waste. These bacteria are important for enhancing the degradation rate of crab shell waste in the environment. This study aims to study the enzymatic activity and identify potent proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria based on 16S rDNA sequences. The bacteria were isolated from crab shell waste using skim milk agar and colloidal chitin agar for proteolytic and chitinolytic bacteria, respectively. The bacterial isolates were screened based on their protease and chitinase activity using casein and chitin as substrates, respectively. The selected isolates were identified based on 16S rDNA sequences similarity. A total of 20 proteolytic and 22 chitinolytic bacteria were successfully isolated from the samples. The isolate of AP9, AP5, and BP14 had a high protease activity. However, only BP14 and CK20 showed a high chitinase activity. The isolate of AP9 was identified as Bacillus subtilis, AP5, and CK20 were identified as Bacillus licheniformis, and BP14 was identified as Bacillus cereus. AP5 dan CK20 were classified as non-pathogenic isolates.

scholarly journals Comparison of Chitosan Characterization from Mussel Shell Waste Using Varying Concentration of Solvents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Nur Maulida Safitri ◽  
Andi Rahmad Rahim ◽  
Ummul Firmani
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Structural Component ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Medium Weight

Massive amounts of mussel shell waste are generated and wasted from the aquaculture processing sectors, resulting in environmental pollution. This material contains chitosan as a valuable compound characterized as a non-toxic structural component with several food processing applications or medicinal applications. In this research, mussel shells were processed using different solvents concentrations in several stages: demineralization, deproteination, decolourization, and deacetylation. Our result showed that the C2 samples gained a high degree of deacetylation (31.8±0.21%) with low moisture and ash content and medium weight of yield. Further research is recommended to purify chitosan using various instrumentation and assess its bioactivity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Proteolytic and Chitinolytic Activities of Indigenous Bacillus Speciesfrom Crab Shell Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Moh Dliyauddin ◽  
◽  
Tri Ardyati ◽  
Suharjono Suharjono
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Logarithmic Phase ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Crab Shell Waste

The increase of crab meat export activities in Indonesia leads to the accumulation of crab shell waste in a massive amount that can naturally degrade and causing bad odor. Naturally, microorganisms will degrade this waste through fermentation and enzymatic reaction, including protease and chitinase due to its high content of chitin and protein. Bacillus is the most potential bacteria to degrade crab shell waste, and indigenous Bacillus from this waste can increase the degradation rates. The aims of this study were to evaluate the proteolytic and chitinolytic activities of indigenous Bacillus species from crab shell waste. Bacillus cereus BP14 and Bacillus licheniformis CK20 as the chitinolytic bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis AP9 and Bacillus licheniformis AP5 as the proteolytic bacteria were isolated from crab shell waste and identified based on the 16S rDNA sequences. The bacterial isolates were grown in skim milk broth for proteolytic characterization and colloidal chitin broth for chitinolytic characterization. The growth rates of each bacteria were determined through the growth curves. The enzymatic activities were determined based on the international standard for protease and chitinase enzyme activities together with growth curve sampling to determine the best incubation time for obtaining the highest enzymatic activities. From the shortest to the longest generation times of the Bacillus species obtained were B. subtilis AP9, B. licheniformis CK20, B. cereus BP14, and B. licheniformis AP5, respectively. The best incubation time for producing the highest enzymatic activity varied among species. However, the end of the logarithmic phase was similar. All of the Bacillus species obtained from this study exhibited chitinolytic and proteolytic activity. Therefore, it can be used as promising candidates of biodegradation agents inenhancing the degradation rates of crab shell wastes.

scholarly journals Optimization Of Chitosan Preparation From Crab Shell Waste

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Djaeni
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Process Variable ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Operation Temperature ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Crab Shell Waste

Crab shell waste from seafood restaurant is potential to be used as chitosan source. This material containing 20-30% of chitin which could be converted into chitosan through deacetylation process. While, chitin could be isolated from crab shell by deproteination and demineralization. Chitosan is fine chemical used to adsorb fat from body, heavy metal adsorbent, and medicine. This research looked into the prospect of crab shell as raw material to produce chitosan. In this case, the process variable of chitosan preparation was investigated involving operation time and  NaOH concentration to determine optimum condition. Whereas, the other parameters including operation temperature, NaOH to chitin ratio is respectively fixed at 70-80 0C and 5:1. As respons, the yield of chitosan is calculated. In this case, the deacetylation time is varied from 1-4 hours with the time step 1 hours and the concentration of NaOH  is change from 20-50% with the step size of 10%. The results showed that the maximum yield of chitosan is 9,15%, which could be achieved at operation time of 3 hours and NaOH concentration of 20%.Keywords : crab shell, deproteination, demineralization, deacetylation, chitosan

CHITOSAN INHIBITION FROM SHELL OF WASTE CRAB CULTIVATION “SOKA” (SCYLLA SP) AGAINST 4 HISTAMINE FORMING BACTERIA ISOLATE IN EUTHYNNUS AFFINIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Siti Aisyah ◽  
Agustiana Agustiana ◽  
Rabiatul Adawyah ◽  
Candra Candra
Keyword(s):  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Histidine Decarboxylase ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Shell Waste ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Euthynnus Affinis ◽  
Crab Shell Waste ◽  
Citrobacter Amalonaticus

The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition of chitosan from crab cultivation waste "soka" (Scylla sp) against histamine-forming bacteria in tuna (Euthynnus affinis). The formation of histamine on the cob caused by bacteria that can produce the enzyme histidine decarboxylase to transform histidine into histamine. Several studies have described the ability of chitosan to inhibit the activity of histamine-forming bacteria. In this research, three stages, the first characterization of chitosan from crab shell waste cultivation "soka". Second, isolation of bacteria producing histamine on the cob and a third is testing the activity of chitosan against bacteria producing histamine. Characteristics of chitosan from crab shell waste cultivation "soka" is the water content of 10.07 %, 0.20 % fat, 1.42 % ash content, protein content 3.18 % and 58.99 % degree of deacetylation. The result of the isolation of bacterial symbionts on the cob re-examined in the formation of histamine thus obtained 4 isolates that Serratia marcescens, Enterobacteriaceae sp, Enterobacter gergoviae and Citrobacter amalonaticus. Testing inhibition of chitosan against bacteria Serratia marcescens, Enterobacteriaceae sp, Enterobacter gergoviae and Citrobacter amalonaticus obtained a clear zone, respectively, are 0.54 ± 0.03 cm; 0.59 ± 0.01 cm; 0.41 ± 0.01 cm; and 0.40 ± 0.05 cm.

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