scholarly journals The origins of postmodern moral relativism

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Gang Deng
Keyword(s):  
Moral Relativism ◽  
Good Work ◽  
Moral Concepts ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Critical Reflections

Postmodernism, which emerged in the 1960s, involves a wide range of fields and carries out all-round critical reflections on the foundation, tradition and other aspects of the development of modern civilization. Postmodern morality came into being with the popularity of postmodernism in western countries. It features obvious “de-universality” and provides a new mirror for reflec­tions on modern morality. Its progressive significance cannot be ignored. However, some postmodern moral concepts are becoming increasingly relativistic, even going to extremes, bringing about disturbances to society. Tracing the root of moral relativism back to ancient times based on the great history of its development, this study first sorts out the same gene of ancient Western mor­al relativism – using “skepticism” as a weapon against authority and dogmatism, and points out that the key of using moral rel­ativism lies in seeking the proper limit of “skepticism”. Then it draws forth the fact that postmodern morality started with “skepticism” and prevailed because of its “relativism”, pointing out that some postmodern morality moved toward moral relativ­ism because of persistence in “skepticism”, while some fall into a state of moral nihility by radicalising “skepticism”. If a crafts­man wants to do good work, he must first sharpen his tools. This study concludes with suggestions on how to use the “skepticism” of postmodern morality.

scholarly journals Fashion parades – for men only: Multiple tailor Hepworths, designer Hardy Amies and the marketing of men’s suits in Britain in the 1960s

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Danielle Sprecher
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Design Collaboration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Object Studies ◽  
High Street ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
First Time ◽  
Second World

This article will examine the use of male fashion shows as a marketing and promotional tool by British high street multiple tailor Hepworths in the 1960s as part of their design collaboration with women’s fashion designer and couturier Hardy Amies. The partnership successfully brought the concept of the branded designer label to British men for the first time and was a major initiative for the menswear industry as it highlighted and consolidated a design ethos which strongly emphasized men’s fashion. Drawing on a wide range of primary source material including oral history interviews with two male models who worked for Hepworths and Amies; object studies of surviving garments; and film and images of the shows, this article will explore the significant and innovative approach to selling men’s fashionable tailoring taken by this mid-market menswear company. It also provides a broader understanding of the history of men’s fashion during this period, a narrative which is dominated by the concept of the peacock revolution, by demonstrating Hepworths’ important contribution to everyday men’s fashion in post-Second World War Britain.

scholarly journals What the Progressives Had in Common

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Gendzel
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New York University ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Core Theme ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S

When Professor Benjamin Parke De Witt of New York University sat down to write the first history of the progressive movement in 1915, he promised “to give form and definiteness to a movement which is, in the minds of many, confused and chaotic.” Apparently it was a fool's errand, because confusion and chaos continued to plague historians of early twentieth-century reform long after Professor De Witt laid his pen to rest. The maddening variety of reform and reformers in the early twentieth century has perpetually confounded historians' efforts to identify what, if anything, the progressives had in common. Back in the 1950s, Richard Hofstadter charitably allowed that progressives were “of two minds on many issues,” whereas Arthur Link argued that “the progressive movement never really existed” because it pursued so many “contradictory objectives.” In the 1960s, Robert Wiebe concluded that the progressives, if they constituted a movement at all, showed “little regard for consistency.” In the 1970s, Peter Filene wrote an “obituary” for progressivism by reasserting Link's claim that the movement had “never existed” because it was so divided and diffuse. In the 1980s, Daniel Rodgers tried to recast the “ideologically fluid” progressive movement as a pastiche of vaguely related rhetorical styles. By the 1990s, so many competing characterizations of progressivism had emerged that Alan Dawley wondered if “they merely cancel each other out.” In 2002, Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore declared emphatically that “historians cannot agree” on progressivism. In 2010, Walter Nugent admitted that “the movement's core theme has been hard to pin down” because progressivism had “many concerns” and “included a wide range of persons and groups.”

A Short History of Well-Being in Interiors

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-51
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Interior Space ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Living Well ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The 1960S

Although well-being studies started in the psychological field (1961) when well-being was discussed in terms of “the good life,” the concept dates back to ancient times from Aristotle's idea of eudaimonia to the human-centered understanding of the Renaissance. During the last decades, different studies focused on social, physiological, and psychological impacts of the dwelling and the neighborhood, and some even applied neurosciences to architecture. The contribution of studies carried in healthcare contexts has been crucial, as well as experimental results in workplaces, but also biologists, psychologists, and sociologists supported theory and practice, starting from the 1960s. Nevertheless, the specific role of architecture and interior space has been quite under-evaluated. This chapter aims to discuss the foundations of the concept of living well evaluating the understanding of “space for human well-being” in different cultural contexts at different times.

A Genetic Model Compatible with a Dimensional View of Schizophrenia

1991 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Roberts ◽  
Gordon Claridge
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Reasonable Doubt ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Genetic Hypothesis

Throughout the history of schizophrenia as a psychiatric concept, opinions have differed sharply over its essential nature and its causes, giving rise to a wide range of explanations that have drawn upon ideas from almost all of the social and biological sciences. Only one fact has truly survived the vicissitudes of argument about the condition: that genetic factors contribute to its aetiology. Even that conclusion, first reached in the very early days of schizophrenia research, sank temporarily out of sight during the radical psychiatry challenges of the 1960s. However, the continuing collection of family, twin, adoption and other data over that period put the genetic hypothesis beyond reasonable doubt (McGuffin, 1988).

scholarly journals A brief note on the history of psychosurgery in Japan

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. E13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Nudeshima ◽  
Takaomi Taira
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
New Left ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Surgical Treatments ◽  
Left Movement

In Japan, there has been no neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorders since the 1970s. Even deep brain stimulation (DBS) has not been studied or used for psychiatric disorders. Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders has been thwarted by social taboos for many years, and psychiatrists today seem to simply ignore modern developments and therapies offered by neurosurgery such as DBS. As a result, most patients and their families do not know such “last-resort” options exist.Historically, as in other countries, frontal lobotomies were widely performed in Japan in the 1940s and 1950s, and some Japanese neurosurgeons used stereotactic methods for the treatment of psychiatric disorders until the 1960s. However, in the 1960s and 1970s such surgical treatments began to receive condemnation based on political judgment, rather than on medical and scientific evaluation. Protest campaigns at the time hinged on the prevailing political beliefs, forming a part of the new “left” movement against leading authorities across a wide range of societal institutions including medical schools. Finally, the Japanese Society for Psychiatry and Neurology banned the surgical treatment for psychiatric disorders in 1975. Even today, Japan’s dark history continues to exert an enormous negative influence on neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders.

‘Communists are no Beasts’: European Solidarity Campaigns on Behalf of Democracy and Human Rights in Greece and East–West Détente in the 1960s and Early 1970s

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIM CHRISTIAENS
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Peace Movements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World

Ever since the collapse of the Greek military regime in 1974 European campaigns over human rights and democracy in Greece have been commonly understood within an anti-totalitarian narrative that has celebrated resistance against both communist dictatorship and right-wing authoritarianism as part of a common journey towards a democratic continent. This article analyses the little-studied history of European solidarity movements with Greece during the 1960s and early 1970s that stretched across both the West and East of the continent. In so doing, it suggests that these campaigns were a facet of the politics of détente and rapprochement that brought together Western and Eastern Europe. Communist peace movements played a central role in these human rights campaigns. This was far from a common anti-totalitarian movement; rather, campaigns for Greece were enmeshed within movements that worked on a wide range of issues – from support for Eastern European dissidents and anti-fascism to world peace and protest against the Vietnam War. Nor were they about ‘a return to Europe’: above all they thrived on common connections in East and West with the Third World.

scholarly journals A Research on Properties, History of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and its Use in Foods

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-310
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Muştu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Paint Industry ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

Saffron is an important spice obtained from the dried red stigmas of "Crocus sativus L." belonging to the Iridaceae family. It is used in traditional medicine from ancient times to modern times thanks to its medicinal properties, in various fields such as cosmetics, paint industry, food sector thanks to the bioactive components it contains. The production of saffron, which is one of the most valuable spices in the world and has a wide area of use, is limited to geographical regions such as Iran, India, Afghanistan, Spain, Italy, Greece and Morocco. In addition, although it is among the highest quality saffron producers, its cultivation and production in our country has decreased considerably and it is only made in some villages of Karabük province, Safranbolu county. The limited production of saffron reduces the recognition of this plant, which has a wide range of uses and has high economic value. This valuable plant, which is thought to provide economic gain to our country, should be brought back to the economy. In this review, the saffron plant is discussed in every aspect in order to emphasize its value once more and to make its cultivation sustainable and information about its botanical characteristics, history, regions where it is grown, chemical composition and use in foods was given.

scholarly journals History of Ukraine-China Bilateral Trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Lev Vlasenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Historical Tradition ◽  
Current Stage

Annotation. Introduction. During the years of Ukrainian independence, China has risen from a relatively insignificant country in Asia to the biggest trade partner of Ukraine surpassing even Russia and other post-Soviet republics both in amount and the importance of bilateral trade. To fully understand the current dynamics of bilateral trade between Ukraine and China, it is necessary to explore the history of these relations from ancient times to the current stage to improve the strategy for cooperation between Ukraine and China. Purpose. To study the history of bilateral trade relations of Ukraine and China from first diplomatic contacts to contemporary relations, to identify patterns and trends that affect the dynamics of trade, to outline mistakes and shortcomings of Ukrainian diplomacy, and to provide recommendations for improvement. Result. The revealed pattern of diplomatic and trade relations between Ukraine and China may be considered as an indicator s that China has been viewing Ukraine as a political entity even before the declaration of independence in 1991. International relations between Ukraine and China have a deep and strong historical tradition with a wide range of forms and methods of cooperation in the fields of politics, economics, and culture. Conclusions. The revealed dynamics of bilateral trade prove that the negative trends in trade between Ukraine and China are not always related to the competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy or global market conditions and may have resulted from the mistakes and failures of Ukrainian diplomacy. To prevent these mistakes in the future, it is necessary to have qualified specialists trained to work with China and conduct effective negotiations at the highest level and monitor their correct coverage in the official documents and press. Keywords: international trade; bilateral trade; Ukraine-China trade; Soviet-China trade.

scholarly journals History of the Concept of Similarity in Natural Sciences

Conatus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Virginia John Grigoriadou ◽  
Frank A. Coutelieris ◽  
Kostas Theologou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Experimental Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Scientific Fields

The concept of similarity has been discussed by many scientists and philosophers since ancient times. Thales of Miletus, Euclid, Aristotle, Galileo, Newton, Edgar Buckingham, and the modern philosopher of science Susan G. Sterrett are examples of intellectuals who perceived and examined the concept of similarity, while many scientists incorporated it in their scientific methodology. The wide range and variety of definitions of similarity could result in confusion regarding the meaning of the concept, the role the similarity mechanism plays in scientific methodology, and the identification of scientific fields to which similarity could be applied. The main aim of this paper was to enhance the understanding of the notion of similarity. To this end, we examined the historical evolution of the concept of similarity and the utilization of the mechanism of similarity in various eras of human intellectual activity, ranging from antiquity to the present day. In this context, the research hypothesis we investigated was the existence of specific and distinct stages of evolution within the long history of the concept of similarity in parallel with the evolution of scientific thought. A core question that motivated our work was when and under which conditions did the transition from the “technocratic” utilization of similarity (i.e., the use of similarity as a solution for practical problems) to its theoretical documentation and its conscious and systematic use as a significant experimental tool occurred. Another important question examined was whether there was a certain era that favored the development of the concept of similarity more than other historical periods. In order to address this hypothesis and respond to these questions, we sought to trace the evolution of conceptualizing and using similarity in different spatial and temporal contexts, formed by the corresponding historical, institutional, religious, and social conditions as well as the characteristics of the scientific methodology established during the period the similarity concept evolved.

scholarly journals History of Television Broadcasting Development in Japan (From Experimental Broadcasting to Nationwide Broadcasting in the 1960s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 151-161
Author(s):  
Goryacheva Elena A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Media History ◽  
Commercial Television ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Japanese Television

The article views and analyzes the early period of the nationwide television broadcasting in Japan (from the mid 1920s to the end of the 1960s). Previously, this problem has not been a subject of research in Russian oriental studies, and taking into account the operation of established television broadcasting system in modern Japan, it seems necessary to identify the features of the genesis and evolution of the nationwide television broadcasting in Japan at its earliest stage, using both historical-genetic and problem-chronological methods. Based mainly on the media history research of Japanese media historians, which are introduced into the Russian scientific community for the first time, the stages of the genesis and nationwide spread of television broadcasting in Japan are consistently identified: the pre-war period of experimental broadcasting, the reform of the media sphere during and after the occupation of Japan by the GHQ, the origins of the integrated system of Japanese public and commercial television broadcasting nigen taisei. In addition, the author concludes that television played an important role in the process of spreading Western values of democracy, as well as the renewed values of the nuclear family institution in Japan, which were declared by the GHQ, US occupation authorities. Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the fundamental foundations of the modern multifaceted and original culture of Japanese television, as well as the model of broadcasting companies’ interaction: competition and coexistence of public and commercial television broadcasting, were laid precisely in the key period for the history of Japanese television ‒ the 1950‒1960s. The findings of this research can serve as a basis for studying the next stages in the evolution of television broadcasting in Japan up to the present period. This paper is aimed at orientalists, students of similar specialties, as well as a wide range of people interested in the history of Japanese media. Keywords: Japan, media history, television history, television in Japan, nationwide broadcasting

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