Appendix 2: The Social Recruitment of the Literary Field and of Its Institutions

Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn ◽  
Mark Lipovetsky ◽  
Irina Reyfman ◽  
Stephanie Sandler

The chapter contextualizes the literary developments of the second half of the seventeenth century, including the changes in education and print culture. A new vision of court culture, expanding administration, and ecclesiastical reforms provided new contexts for writing, as well as innovations in the theater and in poetry. The spaces represented in Russian literature were, as previously, the monastery and the church. The court moved into the limelight as a center of cultural production. The social reality of the period did not entirely foster the creation of civic spaces or an autonomous literary field, and writing had to adapt to the control of the authorities. Opportunities for the ritual performance of the liturgy and at court expanded considerably during the last decades of the seventeenth under the aegis of Tsar Aleksei. Orthodox proponents of neo-humanist culture who worked in Moscow succeeded in transforming the uses of rhetoric during ceremonial occasions.


1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gawlak

Translator’s Double LifeThe manner of functioning of South Slavic literature translators in the social field is presented in the article as a case of “multiplied social participation”, participation in the “game”, which they treat as an incentive for cultural, intellectual and moral development in the individual and social dimension. Methodological considerations on the translation presented in the article are based on the concepts of Barnard Lahire, Pierre Bourdieu, and Roger Caillois.KEY WORDS: Bernard Lahire, Pierre Bourdieu, literary field, game, Roger Caillois, literary translation


Author(s):  
Eugenija Valienė

In the time of the Internet and social networks, unconventional actors have an opportunity to establish themselves in the field of literature and influence it. Bookstagramers are literary field agents who work alongside professional/academic literary critique and dispose of the symbolic capital gained in virtuality. In reality, bookstagramers play a critical discourse role: they shape fashion (of reading or the relevance of a particular genre of literature), they might influence (and are influencing) a community of professional critics, creating a specific literary culture that reflects social network logic, and so on. The purpose of this article is to look at how Lithuanian bookstagramers evaluate literary works by posting on the social network Instagram (the intentions of these evaluations and their possible impact on the addressee). With the help of media and communication theories, the perspective of literary sociology, the critique of the reader’s response, applying the survey method, we delve into the empirical material (bookstagramers survey data). The research revealed the sociological picture of a Lithuanian bookstagramer, the intentions of writing about books on Instagram, and the specifics of the information published. In some cases, this study confirms the more general socio-cultural and psychological aspects previously known (women are more interested in culture, read more books, seek to communicate, make connections). A closer look at the respondents’ responses creates the preconditions for seeing the reality and virtuality of non-professional literary reflections in a particular society, where speaking is paramount. This discourse, driven by Instagram’s logic of architecture and social networking in general, does not lead to a broader discussion, deeper reflections on the works, as it is more reminiscent of brief impressionist speeches about a book read, sometimes inserting excursions about other personal hobbies (not necessarily related to reading). For this reason, it is not appropriate to apply the title of criticism to such recordings, but they should be considered a part of the discourse of Lithuanian literary criticism.


Author(s):  
Pedro Ruiz Pérez

RESUMENDesde la segunda mitad del XVII hasta mediados del siglo siguiente se extiende una línea poética que trabaja con elementos persistentes desde la primera fase del barroco, pero con una articulación y un significado en el que se perciben las huellas del cambio. Una de las líneas de esta estética bajobarroca representa un paso en la dirección adoptada después por la poética neoclásica e ilustrada, y puede concretarse en la reordenación de las relaciones entre sentimiento y razón. Este estudio toma como punto de partida el poemario anónimo Fragmentos del ocio (1668, reeditado en 1683), reconocido como de Juan Gaspar Enríquez de Cabrera, y, a partir de un análisis del empleo del término «razón» y su concepto, se apoya en las variantes de una diacronía que lo acerca al siglo XVIII para abordar una proyección de los rasgos observados en la caracterización de la poética bajobarroca. Se destacan como elementos distintivos un novedoso sentido de la inmanencia, la redefinición del lugar social de la poesía y de la posición de su autor y, finalmente, la tendencia a la poesía de circunstancias. Con ellas la sentimentalidad abandona su condición de componente definitorio de la lírica y abre paso a una racionalidad ligada a los nuevos modelos de sociabilidad e ideales expresivos.PALABRAS CLAVEEnríquez de Cabrera, Fragmentos del ocio, razón, bajo barroco, poética, campo literario. ABSTRACTSince the second half of the seventeenth century a poetic current is developed until the middle of the next century, working with persistent elements from the first phase of the Baroque, but with a joint and a meaning where the traces of change are perceived. One line of this bajobarroca aesthetic represents a step in the direction that the neoclassical and illustrated poetry take after, and it may be materialized in the reconstructing of the relationship between feeling and reason. This study takes as its starting point the anonymous book of poetry Fragmentos del ocio (1668, reprinted 1683), whose author was Juan Gaspar Enriquez de Cabrera. From an analysis of the use “reason” and its concept, the study is based in the variants in a diachrony that brings the work near the eighteenth century. So, it is possible to map out the features observed in the characterization of the low baroque poetic. They are outstanding categories a new sense of immanence, the redefinition of the social place of poetry and of position of the author, and, finally, the tendency to the poetry of circumstances. With them, the sentimentality leaves his condition of essential component of lyric and gives way to rationality linked to models  of sociability and expressive ideals.KEYWORDSEnríquez de Cabrera, Fragmentos del ocio, reason, low baroque, poetics, literary field


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Mudasir Rahman Najar

There has to be the necessary change across the pages of history amongst the various fields of knowledge in our social structure. In this context, there has been emergence of a thought that went contrary to the established thought of colonial propaganda. This counters colonial discourse no doubt too many years to have its roots strong in the soil of social, cultural, and psychological phenomena of our society. Though, literary theory, in general, is a way of understanding the nature and function of literary creation. It seeks the relation of a text to the author and to the society by presenting a thesis or the antithesis in literary field that in turn speaks for social forces. This means to evaluate, to elucidate and to interpret the literary processes for the social discourses have always been very effective for the social change. This directly or indirectly leads the effected society to get changed in terms of thinking process. Hence, leads to the intellectually rich and psychologically mature civilization.  


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Pouessel

This article discusses the development of Berber literature in Morocco and the connections between this literature and Moroccan national identity as well as the pan-Amazigh identity movement. Over the last 40 years, the political conjuncture in Morocco has led Berber writers to affirm an alternative definition of Moroccanness, not exclusively based on Arabness, but one in which Berberity is included. This article aims to shed light on modern Berber literature, and on the social space in which it is embedded. It argues that there is no autonomous Berber literary field, the literature being intrinsically bound up with identity issues, but a Berber literary space, located at the intermingling of several fields (the political field and the field of language production in particular). The article first reconstructs the Moroccan political context by exploring the Amazigh movement, its aspirations and its reality. It then focuses on the relationship between the language issues (alphabet, standardization, etc.) and the emergence of a Berber “neo-literature.” Lastly, it moves beyond Morocco into the wider pan-Berber world — the Maghreb and those countries to which Berbers have emigrated — to question the possibility of a transnational Berber literature.


Author(s):  
Rebecca Roach

This coda looks to the future of the interview. With the advent of so-called Web 2.0 the threshold of public and private is radically shifting. For the interview, historically positioned on this boundary, the possibilities are manifold, if not yet certain. Methodologically, the long-standing dominance of interviewing within the social sciences is being called into question as web-based and social media platforms generate big data pools. The chapter discusses the import of chatbots and formats such as Reddit’s AMA for the interview’s future. It speculates that as the interview method becomes less tethered to data collection, within the literary field it may well become more overtly associated with the life writing tradition, recognized for its aesthetic features and creative possibilities.


Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn ◽  
Mark Lipovetsky ◽  
Irina Reyfman ◽  
Stephanie Sandler

This chapter explores the development of Russian modernism and avant-garde trends into the 1920s in relation to the new institutions of the Silver Age (1890s–1917), pausing on why the period has proven hard to define. It discusses key modernist journals and the social contexts, including groups and societies, that were formative for writers. How these cultural processes changed in Soviet Russia under a regime of political and aesthetic state control, and in Russia Abroad, is charted. While Socialist Realism became the dominant aesthetic from the 1930s, the chapter shows how innovations in language and theory (including Formalism and structuralism) as well as independent literary institutions bypassed official doctrines and led to important experimentation. The chapter tracks a number of phenomena bridged unofficial literary culture and the post-Soviet literary field.


2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung-min Joo

The fledgling democracy of Russia is facing many challenges. Perhaps the most dangerous of all is the rise of an aggressive chauvinistic nationalism. Initially, political analysts regarded it as a “recent” phenomenon which was filling in the ideological vacuum left by communism. As time went on, however, scholars began to grasp its deep historical roots and investigate its ideological evolution during the Soviet period. In this process, they tended to focus on the “legitimate” domains of the Soviet system – such as the official press, the literary field of socialist realism, and so on – in order to investigate how “the Russian idea” overtly coexisted or even covertly prospered within the boundaries of officially sanctioned ideology. The main goal of this paper is to bring a new dimension to our understanding of contemporary Russian nationalism, by approaching the whole phenomenon from below. While focusing on the Soviet period, this paper traces the ideological evolution of Slavophiles and their selective degeneration into chauvinism at the social level. In particular, it analyzes the underground ideological field of samizdat – uncensored illicit publications – where Slavophiles played a significant role. In this way, we can hear the “unfiltered” voices of rising Russian nationalists during the Soviet era.


Babel ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Wen-chun Liang

The aim of this study is to investigate translators’ behaviors in translating fantasy fiction in Taiwan, with the help of Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological model. The application of a sociological approach to translation studies allows an examination of the social and cultural nature of translation by locating this activity within a particular social structure. The investigation was conducted by employing a parallel corpus study of fantasy fiction translations: J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit, C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia, T.H. White’s The Sword in the Stone and Philip Pullman’s Northern Lights. Translators’ textual behaviors when dealing with culture-specific items (CSIs) were analyzed. The results revealed a source-oriented tendency when translating CSIs. The evidence from the textual analysis was interpreted and discussed in terms of the interactions between the translators’ collective habitus and the social determinants in the literary field in Taiwan.


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