scholarly journals Treatment of Ovarian Cysts in Dairy Cows with Simultaneous Administration of GnRH and PGF2α has no Clear Advantage Over the Use of GnRH Alone

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Rudowska ◽  
Wojciech Barański ◽  
Piotr Socha ◽  
Sławomir Zduńczyk ◽  
Tomasz Janowski
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Ovarian Cysts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Good Clinical Response ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the therapeutic efficacy o f simultaneous administration of GnRH and PGF2α in dairy cows with ovarian cysts. Ovarian cyst-affected dairy cows were divided into two experimental groups: 54 cows treated with GnRH and PGF2α, and 42 cows treated with GnRH alone, whereas 22 untreated cows served as the control group. Clinical response and reproductive performance were evaluated. The cumulative disappearance was better in treated cows than in the control group; however, there were no differences between the treatment groups (92.6; 95.2% vs. 72.3%). The mean interval from calving to conception was not significantly shorter (being so by 29 d) in the GnRH/PGF2α group than in the cows treated with GnRH alone (P > 0.05). The intervals from treatment to conception were also similar in these groups. The pregnancy rate in both treated groups was similar (62%) and higher than in the control cows (53%). In the cows with luteal cysts, the total pregnancy rate was higher in all experimental groups; however, only in GnRH-treated cows was this difference statistically significant (77.8% vs. 50.0%, P < 0.05). With time after parturition, the pregnancy rate decreased in all groups. In general, the cows treated with GnRH and PGF2α simultaneously displayed a good clinical response and slight improvement in reproductive performance compared to the single-therapy GnRH group; however, this was not fully convincing.

scholarly journals The reproductive performance of dairy cows with anovulatory anoestrus that were injected with either gonadotrophin-releasing hormone or oestradiol benzoate as part of a re-treatment process after insemination

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.V.E. Segwagwe ◽  
J. Malmo ◽  
K.L. Macmillan ◽  
P.D. Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone

This experiment compared the reproductive performance of synchronised anoestrous dairy cows that were treated initially with a combination of progesterone and oestradiol benzoate and then with either gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or oestradiol benzoate to resynchronise returns to service. It was hypothesised that injecting anoestrous dairy cows with GnRH 12-15 days after insemination and coinciding with the time of insertion of a controlled intravaginal progesterone-releasing (CIDR) device would increase conception rates to the preceding 1st insemination compared with oestradiol benzoate treated cows; both GnRH and oestradiol benzoate would resynchronising the returns to service of those cows that did not conceive to the preceding insemination. Groups of cows in 11 herds were presented for a veterinary examination after they had not been seen in oestrus postpartum. Those cows diagnosed with anovulatory anoestrus (n = 1112) by manual rectal palpation and / or ultrasonography were enrolled in the trial. Each enrolled cow was injected with 2mg oestradiol benzoate i.m. on Day -10, (where Day 0 was the 1st day of the planned insemination) concurrently with vaginal insertion of a CIDR device. The device inserted was withdrawn on Day -2 and then each cow injected i.m. with 1 mg of oestradiol benzoate on Day -1 unless it was in oestrus. Observation for oestrus preceded each insemination. Every cow that had been inseminated on Days -1,0,1 or 2 was presented for treatment for resynchrony on Day 14 (n=891). They were divided into 2 groups; those with an even number were each injected i.m. with 250 µg of a GnRH agonist (Treatment group n = 477); each of the cows with an odd number injected i.m. with 1mg of oestradiol benzoate (control group, n = 414). Each GnRH or oestradiol benzoate injection preceded reinsertion of a CIDR device previously inserted from Days -10 to -2. It was withdrawn on Day 22, 24 hours before injecting 1mg oestradiol benzoate. Cows observed in oestrus were submitted for a 2nd insemination. Every enrolled cow still present in the herd was pregnancy tested by palpation of uterine contents per rectum about 6 weeks later and again at the end of a herd's seasonal breeding programme. The alternative use of GnRH instead of oestradiol benzoate did not affect the percentage of cows conceiving within 3 days of the mating start date (MSD) (35.6 %vs 35.3 %, P=0.90), resubmission rates for a 2nd insemination among cows not pregnant to the 1st insemination (81.6 % vs 83.5 %, P=0.41), 6-week pregnancy rate (59.3 % vs 60.6 %, P=0.65), 21-week pregnancy rate (86.6 vs 85.0, P=0.36), mean interval from MSD to conception (32.5 + 1.8 days vs 29.9 + 1.8 days, P = 0.26) or conception rate of cows reinseminated by Day 28 (43.3 % vs 38.8 %, P=0.39). When GnRH conception rate of cows reinseminated by Day 28 (43.3% vs was compared with oestradiol benzoate, it did not increase conception rates to the 1st service; it was as effective as oestradiol benzoate in synchronising returns to service in previously treated anoestrous cows that did not conceive to the 1st service. Its use affected neither conception rates to the preceding 1st inseminations nor to the following 2nd inseminations.

scholarly journals Study of sub-clinical endometritis on the basis of endometrial thickness and endometrial cytology in dairy cows after parturition

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Sharma ◽  
Madhumeet Singh ◽  
Neelam . ◽  
Pravesh Kumar ◽  
P. K. Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Endometrial Cytology

Dairy cows assigned to four treatment groups were administered PGF2 analogue (Cloprostenol) on day 8 (n=5), day 25 post partum (n=5), or antibiotic from day 1 to 5 postpartum (n=5), or kept as untreated control (n=5). The monitoring of endometrial thickness of previous gravid and non-gravid uterine horn was performed by transrectal ultrasound scanning on day 43 but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) found between treatment and control group. Endometrial cytology confirmed sub-clinical endometritis in cows under control group based on the mean percentage of PMN cells. Similarly, PMN cells were statistically different (p Lass Than 0.05) between PG8 and control group.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Drenching Regimens of Gluconeogenic Precursors during Transition Period on Body Condition Score, Production, Reproductive Performance, Subclinical Ketosis and Economics of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Nagwa I. El-Kasrawy ◽  
Ayman A. Swelum ◽  
Mervat A. Abdel-Latif ◽  
Abd El-Wahab A. Alsenosy ◽  
Noha A. Beder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Feed Costs

A total of 108 Holstein cows were used to evaluate the effect of drenching propylene glycol (PG) either individually or in combination with glycerol (G) on body condition score (BCS), production, reproductive performance, protection against subclinical ketosis and economic benefit of dairy cows during the transition period. The six groups (n = 18/group) were; Control group, cows received no treatment; PG300, cows were drenched 300 mL PG for 7 days pre-expected day of calving and 21 days post-calving; PG400, cows were drenched 400 mL PG for 7 days pre-and 7 days post-calving; PG500, cows were drenched 500 mL PG for 10 days pre-and 10 days post-calving; GPG150, cows were drenched a mixture of 150 mL G and 150 mL PG for 21 days pre-and 21 days post-calving; GPG250, cows were drenched a mixture of 250 mL G and 250 mL PG for 21 days pre-and 21 days post-calving. BCS at 30 days in milk (DIM) was significantly higher in all treated groups in comparison to the control one and the best values were observed in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups. Lactation length (LL) was significantly (p < 0.001) shorter in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups than control group. There was a significant increment in 305 milk yield (p < 0.001) and average daily milk yield (p < 0.001) in GPG250 and PG500 groups than other groups except for PG300 with the lowest values for control and PG400. Cows in all treatment groups were observed in heat and conceived earlier as well as had shorter open days and calving interval durations (p < 0.001) and low number of services per conception (p = 0.004) compared to control group with better results for PG500 and GPG250 groups. BHB level and percentage of cows suffered from subclinical ketosis at 7 DIM was significantly lower in GPG250, GPG150 and PG500 groups than control group. Cows in treatment groups had a significantly higher glucose level (p = 0.006) compared to control group. Regarding to economics, the control group showed the highest feed costs, insemination costs and total costs per animal. Additionally, control and PG400 groups had the highest cost per kilogram of milk from total and feed costs compared to other cows. PG300, PG500 and GPG250 groups recorded a greater net return and income over feed cost (IOFC). In conclusion, the continuous drenching of propylene glycol either individually or in combination with glycerol regimens for long duration (PG300, PG500, GPG150, GPG250) during the transition period of dairy cows may reduce the incidence of subclinical ketosis and consequently improve milk production, reproduction and economics compared to drenching for short duration (PG400).

scholarly journals Effects of Intrauterine Infusion of a Chitosan Solution on Recovery and Subsequent Reproductive Performance of Early Postpartum Dairy Cows with Endometritis: A Pilot Field Trial

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Okawa ◽  
Missaka M.P. Wijayagunawardane ◽  
Peter L.A.M. Vos ◽  
Osamu Yamato ◽  
Masayasu Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Early Postpartum Period ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
And Control

This study investigated the efficacy of intrauterine infusion of a chitosan solution (CHT) on uterine recovery in early postpartum dairy cows with or without endometritis, and their subsequent reproductive performance. In Experiment 1, cows with endometritis at 3 weeks postpartum were administered CHT (n = 5) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) (n = 4). Untreated cows (n = 7) served as the control group. In Experiment 2, 18 cows with a normally recovered uterus at the fresh cow check (mean, 35 days postpartum) were assigned to the CHT (n = 10) and control (n = 8) groups, and intrauterine infusion was conducted in the CHT group. Overall, in Experiment 1, the percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes significantly declined in the CHT group (32.3 ± 10.2 to 5.5 ± 2.4, p < 0.05) from week 3 to week 5, but no decline occurred in the PGF2α and control groups. In Experiment 2, the CHT and control groups showed no significant differences in reproductive parameters, suggesting the absence of adverse effects of CHT on fertility. These results suggest that intrauterine infusion of CHT in the early postpartum period effectively accelerates uterine recovery from endometritis and might be a suitable replacement for PGF2α administration.

scholarly journals Effect of Whole Quail (Coturnix japonica) Egg Consumption on some Reproductive Parameters and Lipid Profile of Male Albino Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie N. OKOYE ◽  
Samuel O. EKERE ◽  
Onyinyechukwu A. AGINA ◽  
Ikechukwu J. UDEANI ◽  
Chukwunonso K. EZEASOR
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

The present study evaluated the effect of whole egg consumption on the liver, testes, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and lipid profile of male rats. These evaluations were carried out on adult twenty (20) male albino rats, which were randomly selected into four groups of 5 rats each, designated groups A, B, C and D. Group A was the control group and received only equivalent volume of distilled water, while groups B, C and D received 0.25mg/kg, 0.5mg/kg; and 1.0mg/kg body weight of the quail egg respectively. Standard procedures were carried out in the tissue processing, cauda epididymal sperm reserve and in lipid profile determinations. On days 35 and 49, the mean serum total cholesterol value of group D was significantly lower than that of the control group. On day 35, the mean serum low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL cholesterol) values of all the treatment groups were significantly lower and higher than that of the control group, respectively. However, on days 49 and 63, the mean serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL cholesterol) and triglyceride values of all the treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. A significant increase in cadual epididymal sperm count (CESR) was recorded on day 63 at the mid and high doses. No obvious pathological lesions were observed in the histomorphology of the testes and liver when compared to the control. Therefore, whole quail egg consumption caused an increase in serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein concentration, and also improved fertility. In other words, prolonged consumption of quail egg should be done with caution as it may predispose one to cardiovascular disease.

Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Jennings ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Stocking Rates

SummaryTwo experiments were conducted with milking cows on continuously stocked perennial ryegrass pastures. In each a control group, T0, received 1 kg/day of a concentrate supplement and treatment groups T1 and T2 received 4 kg (Expt 1) or 5 kg/day (Expt 2) of a low quality T1 or a high quality T2 concentrate. In Expt 1 treatments were applied continuously for 14 weeks to a total of 30 cows. In Expt 2 a Latin square design for 9 weeks was conducted with 18 cows. The stocking rate of the pasture declined from 9·6 to 5·1 cows per ha (mean 6·7 cows/ha) from May to August (Expt 1) and was maintained at 3 cows/ha in August-October (Expt 2).Supplements increased total intakes by 0·92 and 0·77 kg organic matter (OM)/kg OM supplied in the concentrates respectively for Expts 1 and 2. Milk yields increased by 0·6 and 0·5 kg/kg concentrate supplied and supplemented cows showed small increases in live weight. Differences in lactation milk yield just approached significance. Grazing times were only slightly reduced by supplements and bite sizes were lower than normal. There was no important difference in animal performance between the two concentrates. The total output from the pasture was 19·6t milk and 115 GJ of utilized metabolizable energy per hectare.Reasons for the high supplementary effect of the concentrates and its implications for stocking rates are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on the development and reproduction of the soybean aphid Aphis glycines

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0250311
Author(s):  
Aonan Zhang ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Zhenghao Shi ◽  
Tianying Liu ◽  
Lanlan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Mean

The soybean aphid Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a primary pest of soybeans and poses a serious threat to soybean production. Our studies were conducted to understand the effects of different concentrations of insecticides (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) on A. glycines and provided critical information for its effective management. Here, we found that the mean generation time and adult and total pre-nymphiposition periods of the LC50 imidacloprid- and thiamethoxam-treatment groups were significantly longer than those of the control group, although the adult pre-nymphiposition period in LC30 imidacloprid and thiamethoxam treatment groups was significantly shorter than that of the control group. Additionally, the mean fecundity per female adult, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, and finite rate of increase of the LC30 imidacloprid-treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group and higher than those of the LC50 imidacloprid-treatment group (P < 0.05). Moreover, both insecticides exerted stress effects on A. glycines, and specimens treated with the two insecticides at the LC50 showed a significant decrease in their growth rates relative to those treated with the insecticides at LC30. These results provide a reference for exploring the effects of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam on A. glycines population dynamics in the field and offer insight to agricultural producers on the potential of low-lethal concentrations of insecticides to stimulate insect reproduction during insecticide application.

Effect of prolonged undernutrition on the recovery and reproductive performance of maiden Merino ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P McInnes ◽  
TJ Grainger ◽  
MD Smith
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Year ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
The Mean

Data are presented on the recovery and reproductive performance of 2 1/2-year-old maiden Merino ewes after a prolonged period of undernutrition. The 217 sheep had been hand-fed on a submaintenance ration in pen feeding trials at Glenfield, New South Wales. During the seven months of the trials they had lost 6 kg (28 to 22 kg) body weight. They were transported to Condobolin in south-western New South Wales, divided into two treatment groups and run on good quality pastures. One group was joined immediately (May 1959) and again ten months later, and the other group was mated after six months at Condobolin (in October 1959) and again 12 months later. The ewes recovered rapidly. The mean weight of both groups had reached 30 kg within six weeks and 40 kg within six months. In the first year 73 of the 100 May-mated ewes bore lambs, but only 38 of these lambs were weaned. Ewes bearing lambs had a higher body weight at the start of joining and gained more during joining than the barren ewes. At the other three joinings (October 1959, May 1960, October 1960) lambing percentage was from 86-89 and weaning percentage from 62-69-both normal for the district. The proportion of twin lambs (3-6 per cent) was low. Wool weight in 1959 was not affected by time of mating or by pregnancy.

scholarly journals Postoperative Analgesia for Haemorrhoid Surgery

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Pybus ◽  
B. E. D'Bras ◽  
G. Goulding ◽  
H. Liberman ◽  
T. A. Torda
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Morphine Sulphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Caudal Analgesia ◽  
The Mean

Seventy patients undergoing haemorrhoidectomy under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups in order to compare the effectiveness of various caudal agents in the control of postoperative pain. Four groups were given a caudal injection of either 2% lignocaine, 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lignocaine + morphine sulphate 4 mg or normal saline + morphine sulphate 4 mg, while the fifth (control) group did not receive an injection. The number of patients requiring postoperative opiates was significantly higher in the lignocaine group than in the morphine (p <0.05) and morphine-lignocaine (p <0.05) groups. No agent significantly reduced the number requiring opiates. In those who received opiates, the mean analgesic period was 228 minutes in the control group, and was significantly longer following bupivacaine (577 min, p <0.01), morphine-lignocaine (637 min, p <0.05) and morphine (665 min, p <0.01). The mean analgesic period following lignocaine (349 min) was not significantly different from control. The incidence of catheterisation was lowest in those patients who did not receive caudal analgesia.

scholarly journals Two Different Applications of Class II Elastics with Nonextraction Segmental Techniques

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslihan Uzel ◽  
Ilter Uzel ◽  
M. Serdar Toroglu
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Class Ii Elastics

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the relative effects of Class II elastics applied directly with utility arches (UAs) or with the Reciprocal Mini–Chin Cup (RMCC) appliance. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion were included. Fifteen of them were treated with the RMCC appliance and the other 15 treated with Class II elastics on UAs. Lateral cephalograms of an additional 15 untreated persons having the same characteristics as the treatment groups were used as a control group. Results: The mean control period was 10 months. Class I molar and canine relationships were achieved in a mean treatment time of 4.6 months with the RMCC appliance and in 8.5 months with the elastics on UAs. The amount of overjet reduction was 4.7 mm in the RMCC group (87.87% dental) and 5.2 mm in the UA group (80.76% dental). The molar correction was 4.5 mm in the RMCC group (87.36% dental) and 2.0 mm in the UA group (51.47% dental). The anterior lower facial height increased in both of the treatment groups. Conclusions: The RMCC appliance is a valuable alternative for Class II elastic use in Class II cases in which the upper molars need to be moved to the distal more than the upper incisors.

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