scholarly journals Foliar Application of Sodium Molybdate Enhanced Nitrogen Uptake and Translocation in Soybean Plants by Improving Nodulation Process Under Salt Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Farhangi-Abriz ◽  
R. Faegi-Analou ◽  
N. Nikpour-Rashidabad
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Soil salinity with different harmful effects on plant growth and productivity is one of the main reasons in diminishing biological nitrogen fixation and nitrogen assimilation in legume plants. Molybdate has a key role on nitrogen metabolism of plants and can be has a beneficial effect on it. Thus, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium molybdate spraying (0.2 and 0.4% solutions in water) on nodulation, nitrogen uptake and translocation in soybean plants under different levels of salt stress (0, 5 and 10 dS m−1 NaCl, respectively). Salinity reduced the nodulation, root and shoot growth and special flavonoids content in roots, which are have a key role in nodulation includes, daidzein, genistein, coumestrol and glycitein, also diminished nitrogenase, glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GOGAT) and nitrate reductase (NR) activities in nodes, nitrogen content of nodes, roots and leaves, nitrogen uptake and translocation by soybean plants. Under salt stress and nonsaline condition, sodium molybdate treatments improved the nodulation by increasing flavonoids content of roots, also these treatments enhanced the plant growth and nitrogenase, GS, GDH, GOGAT and NR activities of nodes. Furthermore, nitrogen content of nodes, roots and leaves, nitrogen uptake and translocation by soybean plants improved by sodium molybdate applications. Both of the sodium molybdate doses, exposed the similar effects on improving nodulation and nitrogen metabolism of soybean.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Nitrogen Affects Metabolism and Productivity of Soybean

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Walquíria F. Teixeira ◽  
Evandro B. Fagan ◽  
Antônio P. M. Machado ◽  
Daniel Fortune ◽  
Fernando R. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean is one of the world’s most economically important crops and several factors can affect the productivity of this culture. Among these factors is the supply of needed nitrogen, especially in the reproductive stage, as it acts in photosynthetic activity and in grain filling. In view of this, the objective of our work was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen in different reproductive stages in soybean culture. Two sources of nitrogen were used: conventional urea and urea-formaldehyde/triazone, both applied in reproductive stages R2, R3, R4, or R5, as well as a control treatment without foliar application of nitrogen. Plants submitted to foliar application of urea-formaldehyde/triazone showed an increase in nitrogen metabolism (percentage of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere [Ndfa] and nitrate reductase activity [NR]), an increase in peroxidase (POD), and the consequent reduction in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in all stages of application of this treatment. When urea-formaldehyde/triazone was applied in R4, it resulted in a 7% increase in yield. The application of conventional urea in reproductive stages R4 and R5 increased nitrogen metabolism and resulted in an increase in yield by 4%. However, conventional urea reduced yield when applied in stages R2 and R3. The use of low doses of foliar nitrogen in stages R4 and R5, increased nitrogen metabolism in soybean plants. The timing of the application has a direct impact on the results with the slow-release nitrogen (urea formaldehyde /triazone) showing better results when applied in stage R4 and better results for conventional urea in R5.

Studies of seed pelleting as an aid to legume inoculation. 5. Effects of incorporation of molybdenum compounds in the seed pellet on inoculant survival, seedling nodulation and plant growth of lucerne and subterranean clover

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
RR Gault ◽  
J Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Sodium Molybdate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Molybdic Acid ◽  
Molybdenum Disulphide

Four molybdenum compounds were mixed with lime and applied as coatings to inoculated seed of lucerne (Hunter River) and subterranean clover (Mount Barker). The seed was sown immediately in molybdenum-deficient soil in the field or stored for periods up to 84 days before sowing. As storage time lengthened, the survival of both lucerne and clover rhizobia was adversely affected by sodium molybdate but not by molybdic acid, ammonium molybdate or molybdenum disulphide. This effect was reflected in poorer nodulation in the sodium molybdate treatments. Nitrogen fixation, using foliage nitrogen content as an index, was always higher in the molybdenum treatments than in the no-molybdenum controls. Both species appeared able to extract molybdenum from molybdenum disulphide. Otherwise, there were no treatment differences in plant growth, but there was a significant relationship between the proportion of seedlings nodulated by the inoculant strains and the amount of nitrogen fixation. It is concluded that seed-applied molybdenum would benefit pasture establishment in some circumstances and would not interfere with inoculant survival or seedling nodulation provided that sodium molybdate was not used for the purpose.

scholarly journals Dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter alleviates the adverse effect of salinity on Glycine max seedling

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 12461
Author(s):  
Mona S. AGHA ◽  
Mohamed A. ABBAS ◽  
Mahmoud R. SOFY ◽  
Samia A. HAROUN ◽  
Amr M. MOWAFY
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Plant Salt Tolerance ◽  
Harmful Effects

The aid of beneficial microbes, which is a well-accepted strategy, may improve plant salt tolerance. However, the mechanisms that underpin it are unclear. In this study, seedling experiments were carried out to assess the effect of Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter on the germination, growth, nonenzymatic and enzymatic content in soybean (Glycine max L.) under salt stress. Water was sprayed on the seeds as a control, and with 75 mM, 150 mM NaCl as salt stress. The findings demonstrate that salt stress (75, 150 mM) caused a significant decrease in germination, morphological criteria, and membrane stability index (MSI) when compared to control seeds but increased lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), osmotic pressure, proline, citric acid, sugar content, antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, endophytic Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter inoculation resulted in a significant rise in all of the above metrics.; however, these treatments resulted in significant reductions in ROS, EL, and MDA in stressed plants. Finally, the findings showed that combining Bradyrhizobium and Enterobacter was the most efficient in reducing the harmful effects of salt on soybean plants by boosting antioxidant up-regulation and lowering membrane leakage and ROS.

Heme oxygenase up-regulation under salt stress protects nitrogen metabolism in nodules of soybean plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla G. Zilli ◽  
Karina B. Balestrasse ◽  
Gustavo G. Yannarelli ◽  
Ariel H. Polizio ◽  
Diego M. Santa-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Soybean Plants

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Chitosan Alleviate Salinity Stress in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Geng Zhang ◽  
Yuanhua Wang ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yingna Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Major Factors

Soil salinity is one of the major factors that affect plant growth and decrease agricultural productivity worldwide. Chitosan (CTS) has been shown to promote plant growth and increase the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. However, it still remains unknown whether the application of exogenous CTS can mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on lettuce plants. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of foliar application of exogenous CTS to lettuce plants grown under 100 mM NaCl saline conditions. The results showed that exogenous CTS increased the lettuce total leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot and root dry weight, increased leaf chlorophyll a, proline, and soluble sugar contents, enhanced peroxidase and catalase activities, and alleviated membrane lipid peroxidation, in comparison with untreated plants, in response to salt stress. Furthermore, the application of exogenous CTS increased the accumulation of K+ in lettuce but showed no significant effect on the K+/Na+ ratio, as compared with that of plants treated with NaCl alone. These results suggested that exogenous CTS might mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on plant growth and biomass by modulating the intracellular ion concentration, controlling osmotic adjustment, and increasing antioxidant enzymatic activity in lettuce leaves.

scholarly journals Hydrogen rich water (HRW) induces plant growth and physiological attributes in fragrant rice varieties under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Fu ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Runfei Gui ◽  
Yuzhan Li ◽  
Xiaojuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Physiological Attributes

Abstract Hydrogen is an important molecule, exerting antioxidant ability in plants and animals through antioxidant enzymes, which can be dissolved in water. Previous studies have showed that application of hydrogen rich water (HRW), containing a high concentration of hydrogen, plays an important role in enhancing drought tolerance and alleviating the metal stress in plants. However, the effects of HRW on plant growth and physiological attributes in fragrant rice varieties under salt stress are still unclear. A pot experiment was conducted with two fragrant rice varieties i.e. Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan to study the effects of HRW treatments i.e. foliar application of HRW (F-HRW) and irrigation application of HRW (I-HRW) on plant growth and physiological attributes under two NaCl levels (0 mmol L -1 and 150 mmol L -1 ). The results depicte d that, compared with without HRW treatment (CK), the F-HRW and I-HRW treatments significantly increased the dry weight per unit seedling height by 12.64% and 22.99%, while decreased the plant height by 3.92% and 2.97% respectively of two fragrant rice varieties under salt stress. Moreover, compared with CK treatment, the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by F-HRW and I-HRW treatments in NaCl-stressed fragrant rice cultivars and opposite results were observed for MDA content. In crux, our findings conclude that application of HRW modulates the plant growth and physiological attributes in salt-stressed fragrant rice cultivars.

Enhancement of salt-stressed cucumber tolerance by application of glucose for regulating antioxidant capacity and nitrogen metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263
Author(s):  
Siguang Ma ◽  
Shirong Guo ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Text Content

The current study was carried out to assess the potential functions of exogenous glucose (Glu) on plant growth, nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant defense system in cucumber seedings under salt stress. Our results revealed that the cucumber seedlings exposed to salinity for 7 d exhibited a significant reduction of plant height, and fresh and dry weight. The salt-induced growth inhibition was effectively alleviated by foliar application of 100 mmol L−1 Glu. Exogenous Glu supplementation strikingly reduced the malondialdehyde content and controlled overaccumulation of superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) generation rate in the salt-stressed cucumber leaves. In addition, Glu significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes activities such as super oxidase dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase, and regulated gene expressions of encoding these enzymes, which decreased oxidative damage induced by salt stress. The [Formula: see text] content significantly decreased, but the [Formula: see text] level significantly increased due to salt treatment. However, Glu significantly increased the activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in salt-stressed cucumber leaves, which coincided with modulating the gene expressions of key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism, and thus, promoted the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to amino acids and proteins. These results suggest that exogenous Glu could alleviate salt-induced growth inhibition through regulating antioxidant capacity and nitrogen metabolism, which is associated with an improvement of cucumber growth and salt tolerance.

The effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on antioxidant activity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under salt stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilal Yýlmaz ◽  
Haluk Kulaz
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Harmful Effects

In chickpea soil salinity is one of the most important factors affecting yield, nodulation and physiological events. Salinity affects the growth of salt sensitive varieties. The inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) allows to reduce the harmful effects of salinity. To prevent adverse effects of chickpea salinity, the effects of four bacteria (Rhizobium ciceri, A-08, EB-80 and Isolate-30) in root rhizosphere under controlled environmental growth conditions were studied. This study has shown that PGPRs play an important role in growth regulators for the positive development of plants under salt stress. It has been observed that these isolates, common in roots, are tolerant to salinity antioxidant activity and an increase in proline, MDA, APX, SOD and CAT concentrations were found under saline conditions when unvaccinated plants were compared with grafted plants. The results also suggested that inoculated PGPR strains can reduce salinity stress by increasing salt tolerance.

scholarly journals Improving salinity tolerance in Salvia officinalis L. by foliar application of salicylic acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Zohra Es-sbihi ◽  
Zakaria Hazzoumi ◽  
Abderrahim Aasfar ◽  
Khalid Amrani Joutei
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigments ◽  
Nacl Toxicity

Abstract Background Higher absorption and translocation of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) ions in plant tissue can lead to serious physiological and biochemical changes. However, salicylic acid (SA) is a natural signaling molecule responsible for the induction of environmental stress tolerance in plants. Spraying SA could provide protection against several types of stress such as salinity. This study aimed to show the influence of SA spraying (0.5 and 1 mM) on the damaging effects of NaCl toxicity (150 mM) in Salvia officinalis L. plants. Results The results showed that salinity strongly inhibited the growth of aerial and root parts and this inhibition was accompanied by a significant decrease in the production of chlorophyll pigments (by 63%). There was also a significant accumulation of Na, mainly in the roots. This accumulation of Na+ ions was accompanied by a decrease of calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. However, SA mainly at 0.5 mM, greatly improved plant growth, essential oils and chlorophyll pigments synthesis. Besides, SA led to a decrease in Na content and an improvement in Ca, K and P content in the leaves and roots. Salt stress decreased the essential oil yield from 1.2% (control) to 0.4% (NaCl). Furthermore, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils exhibited that the 1,8-cineol, α-thujone, and camphor were identified as the main components of essential oils under all treatments. However, we noted in stressed plant treated or not with SA the appearance of the new majority compound thujanone. Salt stress decreased the major compounds content. SA spray under stress condition increased the content of major compounds compared to stressed plants untreated with SA. The histological study in scanning electron microscopy showed the peltate glands density decreased strongly under NaCl toxicity. However, SA application on stressed plants increased peltate glands density. On the other hand, the glands of stressed plants often show certain anomalies in the morphology: the first anomaly observed was the presence of glandular structures characterized by deformations in the form of small protuberances located on the head of the gland. The second, a less common abnormality is the morphological change in certain glands that change from a spherical to an ovoid shape. On another hand, all these anomalies were not detected in stressed plants sprayed with SA. Therefore, the absence of these anomalies under the effect of SA showed the repairing effect of this growth regulator. Conclusion The findings of the present work suggest that spraying of SA may be useful for improving the plant growth in NaCl-contaminated areas.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Ulva rigida Water Extracts Improves Salinity Tolerance in Wheat (Triticum durum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Salma Latique ◽  
Reda Ben Mrid ◽  
Imad Kabach ◽  
Anass Kchikich ◽  
Hasnaa Sammama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ulva Rigida ◽  
Pigment Contents

This study investigated the effect of seaweed extract (SWE) sprays obtained from Ulva rigida on wheat plants (Triticum durum L., variety Karim) grown under salt stress conditions for six weeks. Three levels of NaCl (0, 34.22, 68.44 mM) and four different concentrations (0, 12.5, 25 and 50%) of Ulva rigida as a water extract were applied. The obtained results indicated that seaweed treated plants showed higher ability to tolerate salt stress (34.22 or 68.44 mM of NaCl) by a significant (p < 0.05) increase of plant growth and the photosynthetic pigment contents, compared to those of control (non-treated plants). Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in antioxidant enzyme activity, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) activities in the stressed plants, especially in those treated with 12.5% of SWE. Overall, our results suggest that the application of the Ulva rigida water extract could be used as a promising plant growth biostimulant for treating wheat plants under salinity stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document