scholarly journals Hydrogen rich water (HRW) induces plant growth and physiological attributes in fragrant rice varieties under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Fu ◽  
Lin Ma ◽  
Runfei Gui ◽  
Yuzhan Li ◽  
Xiaojuan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Physiological Attributes

Abstract Hydrogen is an important molecule, exerting antioxidant ability in plants and animals through antioxidant enzymes, which can be dissolved in water. Previous studies have showed that application of hydrogen rich water (HRW), containing a high concentration of hydrogen, plays an important role in enhancing drought tolerance and alleviating the metal stress in plants. However, the effects of HRW on plant growth and physiological attributes in fragrant rice varieties under salt stress are still unclear. A pot experiment was conducted with two fragrant rice varieties i.e. Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan to study the effects of HRW treatments i.e. foliar application of HRW (F-HRW) and irrigation application of HRW (I-HRW) on plant growth and physiological attributes under two NaCl levels (0 mmol L -1 and 150 mmol L -1 ). The results depicte d that, compared with without HRW treatment (CK), the F-HRW and I-HRW treatments significantly increased the dry weight per unit seedling height by 12.64% and 22.99%, while decreased the plant height by 3.92% and 2.97% respectively of two fragrant rice varieties under salt stress. Moreover, compared with CK treatment, the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were enhanced by F-HRW and I-HRW treatments in NaCl-stressed fragrant rice cultivars and opposite results were observed for MDA content. In crux, our findings conclude that application of HRW modulates the plant growth and physiological attributes in salt-stressed fragrant rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Chitosan Alleviate Salinity Stress in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Geng Zhang ◽  
Yuanhua Wang ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yingna Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Major Factors

Soil salinity is one of the major factors that affect plant growth and decrease agricultural productivity worldwide. Chitosan (CTS) has been shown to promote plant growth and increase the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. However, it still remains unknown whether the application of exogenous CTS can mitigate the deleterious effects of salt stress on lettuce plants. Therefore, the current study investigated the effect of foliar application of exogenous CTS to lettuce plants grown under 100 mM NaCl saline conditions. The results showed that exogenous CTS increased the lettuce total leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and shoot and root dry weight, increased leaf chlorophyll a, proline, and soluble sugar contents, enhanced peroxidase and catalase activities, and alleviated membrane lipid peroxidation, in comparison with untreated plants, in response to salt stress. Furthermore, the application of exogenous CTS increased the accumulation of K+ in lettuce but showed no significant effect on the K+/Na+ ratio, as compared with that of plants treated with NaCl alone. These results suggested that exogenous CTS might mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress on plant growth and biomass by modulating the intracellular ion concentration, controlling osmotic adjustment, and increasing antioxidant enzymatic activity in lettuce leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of humic acids on the nutrient content, plant growth, and soil properties under conditions of salinity

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Khaled ◽  
H.A. Fawy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nutrient Elements ◽  
A Minor

In this study, the effects were investigated of salinity, foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the growth and mineral nutrients uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10), and the comparison was carried out of the soil and foliar applications of humic acid treatments at different NaCl levels. Soil organic contents are one of the most important parts that they directly affect the soil fertility and textures with their complex and heterogenous structures although they occupy a minor percentage of the soil weight. Humic acids are an important soil component that can improve nutrient availability and impact on other important chemical, biological, and physical properties of soils. The effects of foliar and soil applications of humic substances on the plant growth and some nutrient elements uptake of Corn (Hagein, Fardy10) grown at various salt concentrations were examined. Sodium chloride was added to the soil to obtain 20 and 60mM saline conditions. Solid humus was applied to the soil one month before planting and liquid humic acids were sprayed on the leaves twice on 20<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> day after seedling emergence. The application doses of solid humus were 0, 2 and 4 g/kg and those of liquid humic acids were 0, 0.1 and 0.2%. Salinity negatively affected the growth of corn; it also decreased the dry weight and the uptake of nutrient elements except for Na and Mn. Soil application of humus increased the N uptake of corn while foliar application of humic acids increased the uptake of P, K, Mg,Na,Cu and Zn. Although the effect of interaction between salt and soil humus application was found statistically significant, the interaction effect between salt and foliar humic acids treatment was not found significant. Under salt stress, the first doses of both soil and foliar application of humic substances increased the uptake of nutrients.

scholarly journals Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

scholarly journals Mitigation of salt stress in rice plant at germination stage by using methyl jasmonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakil Mahmud ◽  
Shayla Sharmin ◽  
Bishan Lal Das Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Anowar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Javidul Haque Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Component ◽  
Germination Stage

To explore the possibility of using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for alleviation of salt stress, the present study was conducted where six rice varieties (BRRI dhan31, BRRI dhan46, Gota, Kajalsail, Pokkali and Pengek) were grown in non saline (0 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1), saline (12 dSm-1) + 10 ?M MeJA and saline (12 dSm-1) + 20 ?M MeJA conditions at germination stage (till the 9 days). MeJA was applied by imbibing seeds in it for 24 hours. To evaluate the effect of MeJA on saline stressed plant at germination stage, change in growth parameters namely germination percentage, shoot and root length, fresh and dry wt. of shoot, fresh and dry wt. of root and biochemical component- activity of alpha-amylase were monitored. Salinity had a minimum effect on final germination percentage (FGP) of rice varieties, but delayed in attaining it. MeJA had least positive effect. Salinity significantly reduced the shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of all the varieties. MeJA had more decreasing effect in susceptible varieties while increasing effect in moderately tolerant and tolerant. Activity of alpha-amylase in germinated seed varied from 0.051 mg to 0.111 mg mal./mg tissue. At 12dSm-1 salinity, susceptible and moderately tolerant varieties showed significant reduction but tolerant showed significant increase. MeJA intensified the negative effect further in susceptible varieties. In tolerant and moderately tolerant varieties, increment in activity took place and 10 ?M had a better effect over 20 ?M MeJA.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2016, 2(1): 74-81

scholarly journals Foliar application of sodium selenate induces regulation in yield formation, grain quality characters and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in fragrant rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haowen Luo ◽  
Bin Du ◽  
Longxin He ◽  
Axiang Zheng ◽  
Shenggang Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Fragrant Rice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heading Stage

Abstract Background Selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for higher plants and essential for mammals. To study the effect of the foliar application of sodium selenate on fragrant rice performance, a pot experiment was conducted in Guangdong, China. At the initial heading stage, one-time foliar application of sodium selenate with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol·L− 1 (named CK, Se1, Se2, Se3, Se4 and Se5, respectively) were foliar applied on two fragrant rice varieties, ‘Meixiangzhan-2’ and ‘Xiangyaxiangzhan’. Results Selenate application at the initial heading stage not only improved the grain yield of fragrant rice by increasing the seed-setting rate and grain weight, but also promoted the grain quality by increasing crude protein contents and lowering the chalky rice rate. Furthermore, Se applications enhanced the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1- pyrroline (2-AP), the main aromatic compound, by increasing the contents of precursors (△1- pyrroline, proline and pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (P5C)) and the activities of enzymes (proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid synthetase (P5CS), and ornithine aminotransferase (OAT)) in fragrant rice. The results also showed that foliar application of sodium selenate enhanced the antioxidant system of both varieties by promoting the activities of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reducing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the real-time PCR analyses depicted that foliar application of selenate up-regulated the GPX1, GPX4 and CATC transcripts. The higher antioxidative enzymatic activities might strength the stress resistant to ensure the stability of yield in fragrant rice form abiotic stress. Conclusions Foliar applications of sodium selenate at the initial heading stage increased the grain 2-AP content by enhancing the biosynthesis-related enzymes and precursors. The grain yield and quality of fragrant rice also increased due to selenate application. Furthermore, foliar application of selenate promoted the activities of enzymes such as POD, SOD and CAT and up-regulated the expression of gene GPX4, GPX1 and CATC.

Chlorobenzoyl Chloride and Methyl Chlorobenzoate as Synthetic Plant Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-432
Author(s):  
T. J. Allen ◽  
C. L. Leinweber ◽  
D. K. Prince ◽  
D. F. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

CBC (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride) and MCB (methyl-2,5-dichlorobenzoate) function as plant growth regulators in a gaseous phase or in an aqueous solution. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ‘Martin’] and soybean [Glycine bicolor (L.) Merr. ‘Lee’] seeds were temporarily inhibited or delayed from germinating, but overcame the inhibition in time so there was no significant reduction in total germination. Seedlings produced from sorghum and soybean seed germinated and grown in aqueous solution of 35 μg/ml CBC or MCB were shorter and weighed less than control seedlings. Soybean seed treated with the vapors of CBC and MCB produced seedlings significantly reduced in dry weight as compared with that of controls. Foliar application of 500 or 1000 μg/ml of CBC significantly reduced the growth of soybean but not sorghum seedlings. Soybean seedlings treated with the vapors or an aqueous solution produced leaflets more narrow and thicker than control seedlings. A lethal response attributable to CBC or MCB was not recorded.

Improving Salt Stress Tolerance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) by Using Triacontanol

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubeen Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Amjad ◽  
Sumreen Anjum ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Alam ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Physiological Attributes

Salinity is an ancient environmental phenomenon and reflected as the most important process of land degradation. It is widespread at variable degrees across the world. A sand culture study was conducted in order to investigate the performance of exogenously applied triacontanol on two tolerant (Green long and Marketmore) and two sensitive (Summer green and 20252) genotypes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under salinity stress (NaCl 50 mM). The foliar application of triacontanol was carried out @ 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.00 and 1.20 mg L-1. Salinity caused significant reduction in growth rate, gas exchange and other physiological attributes. Results revealed that triacontanol seemed to relieve the harmful impact of salt stress by improving morpho-physiological attributes and decreasing membrane leakage. Genotypes Green long and Marketmore performed better under salt stress regarding all studied parameters than Summer green and 20252. However, foliar feeding of triacontanol significantly enriched the efficiency of sensitive genotypes under saline conditions. The highest values of different attributes of cucumber plants were observed with foliar application of 0.80 mg L-1 triacontanol. Hence, triacontanol can be effectively used as a mitigating agent to alleviate phytotoxic effects in plants under saline stress.

Effect of gibberellic acids and napthalene acetic acids on growth and yield of Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] var. Arka Anamika

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemlata Verma ◽  
Parwat Singh Badole ◽  
D. D. Nawange
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Acetic Acids

A study of effect of foliar application of gibberellic acids (GA) and napthalene acetic acids (NAA) each at 0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm concentrations revealed that plant growth, phonological parameter, yield-attributing parameters and yield of okra increased significantly with the increase in concentration. The application of GA at 30 ppm gave maximum fruit length, fruit thickness, green fruits yield and dry weight of fruits. Similarly, 30 ppm NAA gave maximum fruit length, fruit thickness, green fruits yield and dry weight of fruits. The treatment interactions were found significant only at 45 DAS stage in plant height, at 15 DAS stage in case of leaves/plant and only at 45 and 60 DAS stage in case of branches / plant. The highest net returns was obtained with application of 30 ppm each of GA and NAA .

scholarly journals Paclobutrazol Influences Salinity Responses of Peach and Olive

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 898B-898
Author(s):  
A. Abu El-Kashab ◽  
A.F. El-Sammak ◽  
A.A. Elaidy ◽  
M.l. Salama ◽  
M. Rieger
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Salinity Response ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Leaf Expansion Rate

We studied the effect of a 200-mg·liter–1 foliar application of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on growth and physiological responses of Prunus persica `Nemaguard' (salt-sensitive) and Olea europea `Manzanillo' (salt-tolerant) to salt stress. One-year-old trees were grown in 3 sand: 3 field soil: 4 pine bark media in 20-cm pots in a greenhouse and were irrigated with nutrient solutions adjusted with 0, 9, 18, or 36 mmol NaCl for peach and 0, 36, 72, 108 mmol NaCI for olive. Dry weight, photosynthesis, and leaf conductance decreased with increasing salinity for both species. However, leaf expansion rate was unaffected by NaCl. PBZ reduced dry weight for peach only, but PBZ increased photosynthesis and reduced leaf expansion rate for both species. Relative water content was decreased by salt but increased by PBZ. PBZ reduced the foliar Na and Cl content in peach but not olive. Olive had less Na in leaves than peach at 36 mmol NaCI, accumulated less C in leaves in all salt treatments, and had higher foliar Na without symptom expression. PBZ may reduce salt stress in sensitive species like peach by reducing foliar Na and Cl accumulation but has less influence on the salinity response of the more salt-tolerant olive.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Drought Stress Effects on Pepper Seedlings by Exogenous Methylamine Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Ertran Yildirim ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Ayla Gür
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
New Synthesis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Irrigation Levels ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The study was conducted to determine effects of a new synthesis of methylamine on the plant growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics in pepper.  There were four irrigation levels [full irrigation (100%) (I0), 80% (I1), 60% (I2) and 40% (I3)] and two methylamine (MA) treatments (0, 2.5 mM). At the end of the study, it was observed that there were significant differences between applications and levels. Effects of MA treatments on plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh, dry weight etc.), plant physiological and biochemical parameters [tissue electrical conductivity (TEC), tissue relative water content (TRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, antioxidant enzyme activity], and plant nutrient element content of pepper seedlings under different irrigation levels were significantly important.  The results of the study showed that the drought stress conditions negatively affected the plant growth, increased the content of TEC, H2O2 and MDA, and decreased the TRWC and  plant mineral content in pepper. However, MA application improved plant growth and decreased TEC, H2O2 and MDA content compared to control in pepper under drought conditions. MA treated plants at I3 had higher shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight than non-treated plants by 12 and 20%, respectively.  In conclusion, MA application could mitigate the deleterious effects of the drought stress on the pepper seedlings.

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