scholarly journals Modelling and mapping of the COVID-19 trajectory and pandemic paths at global scale: A geographer’s perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1603-1616
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Valjarević ◽  
Marija Milić ◽  
Dragana Valjarević ◽  
Zorica Stanojević-Ristić ◽  
Ljiljana Petrović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Traffic Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIn December 2019, the virus SARS-CoV-2 responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic was detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan. The virus started to spread from China and dispersed over the rest of the world. In March 2020, WHO (World Health Organization) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The transmission path of the pandemic was accelerated by different types of transportation. With complete analysis of spatial data, population density, types of traffic networks, and their properties, the spatial distribution of COVID-19 was estimated. GIS (Geographical Information System), numerical methods, and software for network analysis were used in this research to model scenarios of virus distribution on a global scale. The analyzed data included air, railway, marine, and road traffic. In the pandemic research, numerous models of possible trajectory of viruses can be created. Many have a stochastic character. This study includes all countries in the world affected by the COVID-19 up to date. In this study, GIS methods such as buffer, interpolations, and numerical analysis were used in order to estimate and visualize ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation. According to the availability of new data, trajectory of virus paths was estimated. On the other hand, sparsely populated areas with poorly developed and small traffic networks (and isolated island territories) tend to be less or not affected as shown by the model. This low-cost approach can be used in order to define important measures that need to be addressed and implemented in order to successfully mitigate the implications of COVID-19 not only on global, but local and regional scales as well.

scholarly journals Factors increasing safety of the disabled road users

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Monika Ucińska ◽  
Ewa Odachowska
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
World Health ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Health Organization

A report by the World Health Organization indicates that over one billion people in the world are affected by some form of disability or have limited fitness, and 200 million have difficulties in functioning [1]. In Poland, according to the statistics, there are 7.5 million people with functional limitations, including almost 2.5 million those in a significant degree [2]. Many people with different dysfunctions drive vehicles, among this group there are also older people, who, with age experience the reduction of many functions affecting the safe driving of the vehicle. To assess some factors increasing the safety of disabled participants in the road traffic, selected psychomotor aspects have been verified. This article presents analyses related to determining the capabilities of people with disabilities depending on whether the disability was congenital or acquired. These drivers were also compared with non-disabled road users. Psychomotor performance was checked using the DTS (Driver Test Station) device. It was noticed that people with acquired disability do better in the majority of tests measuring both pressure forces and reactions of particular limbs in comparison with people with a congenital disability. The research presented sets the direction for further explorations, mainly due to the small group of respondents, but they can nevertheless form the basis for further hypotheses and their verification.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Drug Discovery Using Intensive Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumu Asai ◽  
Masamitsu Konno ◽  
Miyuki Ozaki ◽  
Chihiro Otsuka ◽  
Andrea Vecchione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable.

A novel pyrene based highly selective reversible fluorescent-colorimetric sensor for the rapid detection of Cu2+ ions: application in bio-imaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1063-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Ghorai ◽  
Jahangir Mondal ◽  
Amit Kumar Manna ◽  
Shubhamoy Chowdhury ◽  
Goutam K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Selective Detection ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Health Organization

A simple, low-cost pyrene derivative containing a benzilmonohydrazone moiety has been exploited for the selective detection of Cu2+ by colorimetric, absorption, emission and bio-imaging methods. The sensitivity of the fluorescence based assay is 7.8 nM for Cu2+, which is far below the limit mentioned in the World Health Organization.

scholarly journals Development of a public geographical information system-based website to follow the impact of control activities of soil-transmitted helminths in endemic countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paola Maurelli ◽  
Paola Pepe ◽  
Antonio Montresor ◽  
Denise Mupfasoni ◽  
Martina Nocerino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Preventive Chemotherapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are among the most common neglected tropical diseases worldwide causing high morbidity and mortality rates in endemic areas. Preventive chemotherapy (PC) programmes and health education are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to reduce the impact of STH in endemic countries. Following our role as WHO collaborating centre (WHO CC ITA-116), we have developed a WebGIS and a dataset to support PC programmes to monitor the impact of STH control. This vHealth presentation shows the potentiality of these tools in improving communication among WHO’s regional and country offices, Ministries of Health, pharmaceutical industries and other partners.

scholarly journals Burden of Surgical Disease: Strategies to Manage an Existing Public Health Emergency

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S2) ◽  
pp. s228-s231 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Kelly McQueen ◽  
Parveen Parmar ◽  
Mamata Kene ◽  
Sam Broaddus ◽  
Kathleen Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Traffic Incidents ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Surgical Disease ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe World Health Organization estimates that the burden of surgical disease due to war, self-inflicted injuries, and road traffic incidents will rise dramatically by 2020. During the 2009 Harvard Humanitarian Initiative's Humanitarian Action Summit (HHI/HAS), members of the Burden of Surgical Disease Working Group met to review the state of surgical epidemiology, the unmet global surgical need, and the role international organizations play in filling the surgical gap during humanitarian crises, conflict, and war. An outline of the group's findings and recommendations is provided.

scholarly journals Improving Pre-hospital Care of Road Traffic Accident's Victims with Smartphone Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman A. Abdellah ◽  
Majed M. Aborokbah ◽  
Abbdelrahman Osman Elfaki
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Health Organization

<p class="0abstract">One of the most causes to lose millions of lives around the world is Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs). According to the world health organization (WHO) report, 1.25 million people are killed each year as a result of RTAs, 20 to 50 million people were injured, and the number of killed people by RTAs is expected to increase further by 2020. The recent studies conclude that patient survival during a health emergency situation depends on the effective pre-hospital healthcare services, while the effective communication between the paramedics and prehospital staff is one of the important healthcare success factors. With the rapid growing of information and communication technology (ICT), wireless technologies and mobile services can provide viable solution to overcome the pre-hospital healthcare problems. The aim of this research is to improve the quality of prehospital emergency healthcare services at KSA by developing and implementing a mobile based emergency system. The proposed application is moving the diagnosis time to be started during traveling time witch accelerate the treatment. The proposed system shows satisfactory results in term of effectiveness and satisfaction</p>

scholarly journals Children road traffic injuries in Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Goniewicz ◽  
Mariusz Goniewicz ◽  
Witold Pawłowski ◽  
Piotr Fiedor
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Road Traffic Injuries ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractRoad traffic injuries are the leading cause of child mortality in Poland, resulting in more deaths than cancer or birth defects. We present the main problems of road safety and the nature of the causes and consequences of accidents among children based on the World Health Organization Report. Children injuries are one of the main problems in modern medicine requiring vigorous and preventive actions. Children of all ages should be intensively involved in the educational activities related to road safety. Raising awareness concerning the risks associated with children’s participation in traffic as well as the awareness of parents and carers can greatly reduce the number of accidents.

scholarly journals Pedestrians’ Injury Severity in Traffic Accidents in Spain: A Pedestrian Actions Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6439
Author(s):  
Juan Diego Febres ◽  
Miguel Ángel Mariscal ◽  
Sixto Herrera ◽  
Susana García-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Unsafe Behavior ◽  
Health Organization

Road traffic accidents are currently between the seventh and tenth leading cause of death in the world, with approximately 1.35 million people killed per year. Despite extensive efforts by governments, according to the World Health Organization, road accidents still cause far too many deaths, especially among pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheel motor vehicle riders, who together account for almost 50% of road traffic fatalities. In particular, Spain had 410,974 traffic accidents between 2016 and 2019, involving 722,516 vehicles and 61,177 pedestrians with varying degrees of injury. This study uses the Bayesian network method to understand how the pedestrians’ responsibility and actions at the time of the traffic accident affect the injury suffered by said pedestrian, also considering the variables of the road infrastructure and vehicles at the accident site. The results confirm that the variables linked to the unsafe behavior of pedestrians, and their responsibility in traffic accidents, increase the risk of suffering serious or fatal injuries during an accident; for example, if a pedestrian is distracted this increases his/her probability of suffering a severe injury (27.86%) with respect to not being distracted (20.73%). Conditions related to traffic in high-speed areas, areas with no or poor lighting, and areas lacking sidewalks, also record increases in pedestrian injury, as is the case in the age group of pedestrians over 60 years of age.

scholarly journals Acridine-Based Antimalarials—From the Very First Synthetic Antimalarial to Recent Developments

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Mélanie Fonte ◽  
Natália Tassi ◽  
Paula Gomes ◽  
Cátia Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Antimalarial Drugs ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cost Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance ◽  
Artemisinin Combination Therapies

Malaria is among the deadliest infectious diseases in the world caused by Plasmodium parasites. Due to the high complexity of the parasite’s life cycle, we partly depend on antimalarial drugs to fight this disease. However, the emergence of resistance, mainly by Plasmodium falciparum, has dethroned most of the antimalarials developed to date. Given recent reports of resistance to artemisinin combination therapies, first-line treatment currently recommended by the World Health Organization, in Western Cambodia and across the Greater Mekong sub-region, it seems very likely that artemisinin and its derivatives will follow the same path of other antimalarial drugs. Consequently, novel, safe and efficient antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. One fast and low-cost strategy to accelerate antimalarial development is by recycling classical pharmacophores. Quinacrine, an acridine-based compound and the first clinically tested synthetic antimalarial drug with potent blood schizonticide but serious side effects, has attracted attention due to its broad spectrum of biological activity. In this sense, the present review will focus on efforts made in the last 20 years for the development of more efficient, safer and affordable antimalarial compounds, through recycling the classical quinacrine drug.

scholarly journals PANDEMIC AND CITY - A REASON FOR SEARCHING NEW APPROACHES IN DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
N. Tekenova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic in the world [1]. The modern world is faced with a pandemic on a global scale - the way of life of millions of people has changed. Quarantine mode, restrictions on movement, remote work, online education for schoolchildren and students, and much more. The author has developed a questionnaire on the Google platform of the questionnaire "City and Pandemic" [3] about the safety of the living environment. What should be a safe city? What needs to be changed in the design of cities in order to protect their residents from virus attacks? All these questions faced the society - architects, city planners, and urbanists began searching for ideas to solve new "quarantine" problems.

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