Obesity prevalence and contributing factors among adolescents in secondary schools in Pemagatshel district, Bhutan

Abstract Background The prevalence of obesity has increased globally, with childhood and adolescent obesity being more common in developed countries. There has been no study on teenage obesity in Bhutan. In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of obesity in Bhutan for the first time in order to provide a baseline for future researchers. Methods The investigation, which included 392 adolescents, aimed to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its contributing factors. Anthropometric measurements, food recall and knowledge, attitude, behaviour and environment questionnaires were administered. The body mass index (BMI) cut-off points for adolescents matched with those of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants were 7.1% and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 1.0% in females and 0.5% in males (p < 0.001). There were significant (p < 0.001) correlations between BMI and other variables; however, Pearson’s χ2 test uncovered no significant associations. BMI also had no significant associations with attitude, behaviour, environment and distance travelled to school. Food recall results revealed the following findings for average food consumption: total energy intake, 3522.6 kcal; fat, 47.6 g; carbohydrate, 690.2 g; protein, 90.5 g; fibre, 20.3 g; and sodium, 12.5 g. Conclusion The results of this study clarified the prevalence of obesity among adolescents in Bhutan, who require appropriate strategies for combating overweight and obesity.

Download Full-text

Recent Trends in Functional Foods for Obesity Management

Nutraceutical and Functional Foods in Disease Prevention - Advances in Human Services and Public Health ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3267-5.ch003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 69-92

Author(s):

Amrita Poonia

Keyword(s):

Functional Foods ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Energy Balance Equation ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

The World ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Energy Dissipated

Obesity is a medical condition caused by the accumulation of excess fat in the body. The main causes of obesity are lifestyle, less physical activity, and increased health problems. Overweight and obesity have increased over the past 20 years in many regions of the world, particularly the prevalence of obesity in childhood. It is not only a problem of developed countries but also becoming a growing burden for the developing countries. Functional foods might play important role in prevention or treatment of overweight. Functional foods for obesity influences the energy balance equation regulated by the control of energy intake or of energy dissipated as heat (thermogenesis).

Download Full-text

Recent Trends in Functional Foods for Obesity Management

10.4018/978-1-6684-3546-5.ch052 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1081-1099

Author(s):

Amrita Poonia

Keyword(s):

Functional Foods ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Energy Balance Equation ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

The World ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Recent Trends ◽

Energy Dissipated

Download Full-text

Prevalence of obesity among stroke patients in five Brazilian cities: a cross-sectional study

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20180053 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 367-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vanessa Speckhahn Vicente ◽

Norberto Luiz Cabral ◽

Vivian Nagel ◽

Vanessa V Guesser ◽

Juliana Safanelli

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

ABSTRACT Objective There is gap in knowledge about obesity prevalence in stroke patients from low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity status among patients with incident stroke in Brazil. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we measured the body mass index (BMI) of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. The sample was extracted in 2016, from the cities of Sobral (CE), Sertãozinho (SP), Campo Grande (MS), Joinville (SC) and Canoas (RS). Results In 1,255 patients with first-ever strokes, 64% (95% CI, 62–67) were overweight and 26% (95%CI, 24–29) were obese. The obesity prevalence ranged from 15% (95%CI, 9–23) in Sobral to 31% (95%CI, 18–45) in Sertãozinho. Physical inactivity ranged from 53% (95%CI, 43-63) in Sobral to 80% (95%CI, 73–85) in Canoas. Conclusions The number of overweight patients with incident stroke is higher than the number of patients with stroke and normal BMI. Although similar to other findings in high-income countries, we urgently need better policies for obesity prevention.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and associated socio-demographic variables in Syrian women using different anthropometric indicators

Anthropological Review ◽

10.1515/anre-2017-0013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 191-205

Author(s):

M Adel Bakir ◽

Kholoud Hammad ◽

Loreen Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Central Obesity ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Base Line ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

AbstractThe prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally in both developing and developed countries, especially, those with rapid cultural and social changes. The aims of current study were twofold: (a) to examine, for the first time in Syria, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in Syrian women and obesity-related socio-demographic determinants, and (b) to establish a base line data about obesity related determinants needed to develop appropriate treatment and prevention strategies. Cross-sectional study with a randomly representative sample of 923 women aged 18-60 years was conducted. Waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Socio-demographic data were collected with a designed questionnaire. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in Syrian women as defined by BMI were 31% and 43%, respectively. The overall central obesity as defined by WC and WHR were 53% and 33%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity and central obesity were increased with age. WC and HC were strongly correlated with BMI. The mean BMIs and other anthropometric measurements were significantly higher in married, house wife, less educated, high parity, and low physical activity women. The results of this study indicate an increased rates of overweight, overall, and central obesity in Syrian women. Also, central obesity as defined by WC is higher than BMI derived obesity. In conclusion, WC is more appropriate to be used for obesity assessment, where, BMI underestimates the obesity prevalence among middle-age women. Development of appropriate treatment and prevention strategies are urgently needed to combat with increasing rate of obesity among Syrian women.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Childhood Obesity In Northeastern Ontario: A Cross-sectional Study

Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research ◽

10.3148/67.3.2006.143 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 143-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Foyez Haque ◽

Alberto G. de la Rocha ◽

Betty Ann Horbul ◽

Patricia Desroches ◽

Craig Orrell

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Program Planning ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Northern Ontario ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Chi Square Test

Purpose: In Canada, the incidence of childhood obesity has tripled within the past 20 years. The prevalence of obesity in the Timmins, Ontario, student population was studied to gain knowledge for program planning and resource allocation, and to compare Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with Cole’s international criteria for childhood obesity. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 801 students were taken. Students were chosen from randomly selected schools for each grade. Data were analyzed according to age, gender, and ethnicity. Data were also compared with other studies. Intragroup comparisons were performed using hypothesis testing for significance with the z table and chi-square test. Results: Overweight and obesity prevalence was 28% according to CDC criteria. No statistical difference was found between genders or among ethnic groups, or between this study and other Canadian studies. In comparison with the CDC criteria, Cole’s international criteria indicated less obesity and increased overweight prevalence. These differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that in the northern Ontario community of Timmins, the prevalence of childhood obesity is of epidemic proportions. When the findings are shared with different agencies, this study will help the health unit to take necessary public health measures to curb the epidemic.

Download Full-text

Taxing sugar-sweetened beverages as a policy to reduce overweight and obesity in countries of different income classifications: a systematic review

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021002901 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Alexander Itria ◽

Stéfani S. Borges ◽

Ana Elisa M. Rinaldi ◽

Luciana Bertoldi Nucci ◽

Carla Cristina Enes

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Price Change ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Middle Income ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the potential impact of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes on overweight and obesity prevalence in countries of different income classifications. Design: Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO number CRD42020161612). Five databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, LILACS (via Virtual Health Library) and MEDLINE (via PubMed), and Web of Science were searched, from January 2009 up to December 2019. Articles that reported changes in purchases, sales, intake, body weight, BMI, overweight and/or obesity prevalence due to a tax on, or price change in SSBs were included. Setting: Studies conducted in countries of different income classifications. Participants: The search yielded 8,349 articles of which twenty-one met inclusion criteria. Results: Among the 16 studies selected, only 2 did not show that consumption, sales and purchase decreased as the price of SSBs increased. In 8 of the 13 studies selected, a positive effect of an SSB tax on decreasing overweight and obesity prevalence was expected. It is estimated that a 20% taxation on SSBs would result in a greater decrease in the prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to a 10% rate. Studies with no significant effect of taxing on sales, purchases, consumption and prevalence of obesity were from high-income countries, while significant effects of taxing on reducing purchase, consumption and/or obesity prevalence were found in studies from upper-middle and middle-income countries. Conclusion: A high SSB tax might be an effective fiscal policy to decrease purchase and consumption of SSBs and reduce overweight/obesity prevalence, especially if the tax were specific for beverage volume.

Download Full-text

The prevalence of obesity in older adults in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-019-1396-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani ◽

Masoud Mohammadi ◽

Rostam Jalali ◽

Akram Ghobadi ◽

Nader Salari

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Older Adult ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Body ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Analysis Software ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

Abstract Background one of the most important age-dependent physiologic alterations in the body composition of older adult people is obesity and overweight, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality rate. Objective The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of obesity in older adults in Iran. Methods The present study was conducted via meta-analysis and systematic review method, from March 2000 to October 2018. Subject-related literature was obtained via searches in ScienceDirect, Medline (PubMed), SID, Magiran, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed using the I2 index, and data were analyzed by Comprehensive-Meta analysis software. Results In the assessment of 18 studies and 29,943 persons aged over 50 years, the prevalence of obesity in older adults of Iran was 21.4% (95%CI: 26.6–16.9%) based on the meta-analysis. The highest obesity prevalence was obtained in older adults of Babol (Amir Shahr) which was 44.2% (95%CI: 41.1–47.2%) in 2007, while the minimum obesity prevalence was found in older adults of Razavi Khorasan which was 11.3% (95%CI, 10–12.8%) in 2007. Further, as the sample size and the study year increased, the obesity prevalence diminished in older Iranian adults (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study suggests that the prevalence of obesity in the older adults of Iran is high. Accordingly, healthcare planners and politicians should consider effective and practical policies to reduce obesity in older adults.

Download Full-text

Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region of low economic status

Revista Paulista de Pediatria ◽

10.1590/s0103-05822013000400004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 437-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dartagnan Pinto Guedes ◽

Francisléia Nascimento Almeida ◽

Jaime Tolentino M. Neto ◽

Maria de Fátima de M. Maia ◽

Thatiana Maia Tolentino

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Task Force ◽

Economic Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Weight Excess

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity in a representative sample of children and adolescents from a Brazilian region with low economic development. METHODS: A total of 982 girls and 986 boys, aged seven to 17 years old and assisted by Segundo Tempo Program, from Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, were included in the study. Low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity were defined based on body mass cut-off indexes recommended by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence of the nutritional status according to sex and age was compared by chi-square test. RESULTS: In girls, the frequency of low body weight/thinness, overweight and obesity was 4.1, 18.4 and 3.8%, respectively; in boys, these percentages were 6.3, 13.2 and 2.9%, respectively. The low body weight/thinness for girls raised from 2.7% (7-10 years old) to 5.5% (15-17 years old); the body weight excess (overweight and obesity) decreased from 30.1 to 16.2% for the same age groups. In boys, the corresponding trends were from 3.2 to 9.4% for low body weight/thinness, and from 23.4 to 9.2%, for body weight excess. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate that, even in a region with low economic status, the body weight excess was the main problem associated with nutritional health. The high overweight and obesity prevalence rates indicate the need of public policies for promoting healthy feeding behaviors and physical activity.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and temporal trends of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Jilin, Northeast China, 2011-2015

10.7287/peerj.preprints.3207 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Li ◽

Zhijun Li ◽

Qing Sun ◽

Mengying Wang ◽

Meng Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Northeast China ◽

National Level ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Age Group ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

And Gender

Objective: In China, the obesity epidemic is truly national and childhood obesity prevalence has rapidly increased and is close to the developed countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and temporal trends of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Jilin City, China (2011-2015). Methods: The data derived from the census on students’ constitution and health in 2011-2015 carried out by the Jilin CDC, Jilin City. 191191 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years were included in the present survey, of which 37549 in 2011 to 41564 in the 2015. The newly developed age- and gender-specific BMI cutoffs by the working group on obesity in China were used to define overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Results: The mean of BMI (body mass index) was significantly increasing from 20.9 kg/m2 in 2011 to 21.5 kg/m2 in 2015 in all subjects. Overweight and Obesity prevalence of total students aged 7-18 years had a significantly increasing from 2012 to 2015 (P<0.001), from 16.0% and 13.1% to 17.1% and 17.1%. The minimum value of BMI and overweight and obesity prevalence in overall age group all presented in 2012. Boys and girls all showed the significant increase in overweight and obesity prevalence in every age group from 2012 to 2015 and boys higher than girls (P<0.001). Regardless of girls and boys, the most likely of children and adolescents being overweight and obesity had been observed in the youngest age and lowest school grade category. Conclusion: In summary, our results indicate that all the overweight and obesity prevalence among children and adolescents over the past 5 years were higher than the 2010 Chinese National Level and Chinese large coastal cities’ level and a significantly increase from 2011-2015. Obesity epidemic is serious, at least not optimistic among children and adolescents in Jilin, Northeast China.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980017003664 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1048-1056 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Herbert Sagbo ◽

Didier Koumavi Ekouevi ◽

Dorland Tafitarilova Ranjandriarison ◽

Serge Niangoran ◽

Tchaa Abalo Bakai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Factors Associated

AbstractObjectiveOverweight and obesity in childhood are serious public health issues, both in developing and developed countries. The present study aimed to ascertain overweight and obesity prevalence rates among Togolese schoolchildren in Lomé, Togo, and their correlation with physical activity, socio-economic conditions and eating habits.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted in December 2015. Overweight and obesity were defined using age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force. Physical activity, socio-economic conditions and eating habits were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Specially trained medical students interviewed children and collected the data. After bivariate regression analyses, factors associated with overweight/obesity were identified by multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was two-sided P<0·05.SettingLomé, Togo.SubjectsRepresentative sample of 634 children (288 boys, 346 girls), aged 8–17 years, who were studying in primary schools.ResultsOverweight and obesity respectively affected 5·2 and 1·9 % of children surveyed. Watching television (>4 h) on weekends (OR; 95 % CI: 3·8; 1·2, 12·0, P=0·02) and medium dietary diversity score (3·0; 1·1, 8·1, P=0·03) were independently associated with overweight/obesity in a multivariate regression model. Eating breakfast in the school cafeteria (0·2; 0·1, 0·8, P=0·03) and eating fruits (0·4; 0·1, 0·9, P=0·03) significantly reduced the risk of overweight/obesity.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity prevalence were linked with sedentary behaviour and non-optimal food diversity. Promoting physical activity and fruit consumption should be explored as interventions to reduce and prevent overweight and obesity in Lomé schoolchildren. In addition, preventive approaches in the social environment of children should be considered.

Download Full-text