Anti-Müllerian hormone in children: a ten-year prospective longitudinal study (EarlyBird 39)

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Jeffery ◽  
Adam J. Streeter ◽  
Joanne Hosking ◽  
Terence J. Wilkin ◽  
Scott M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

AbstractAnti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by Sertoli cells of the testes and granulosa cells of the ovary. There are limited prospective longitudinal data assessing AMH concentrations throughout childhood in both sexes.This study aimed to examine AMH throughout childhood with particular reference to the relationship of AMH to pubertal development in both sexes.This is a prospective longitudinal non-intervention cohort study with annual sampling for participants aged 5–14 years.Community cohort study.A total of 307 healthy children (170 boys) recruited at 5 years from randomly selected schools in Plymouth, UK, participated in this study. Data sets are complete in 76% of the children at 14 years of age.Annual measures of serum AMH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), Tanner stage (TS).Boys: AMH was stable from 5 to 7 years, increased slightly from 8 to 10 years, then declined at TS2. This decline was preceded by rising FSH and the appearance of LH. AMH correlated inversely with gonadotrophic hormones during puberty. Girls: AMH increased slightly between 6 and 10 years, peaking during the final prepubertal year before returning to near baseline levels at TS3. Inverse correlations between AMH and FSH were apparent during the prepubertal years.Our longitudinal data clarified the development of individual AMH levels over a 10-year period. We described modest late prepubertal peaks in both boys and girls, and confirmed the pubertal decline in boys. The inverse association of AMH with gonadotrophins in young females supports its role as a marker of ovarian function, while the precise role for AMH in relation to testicular function in young males remains unclear.

scholarly journals Growth and puberty in a prospective cohort of patients with sickle-cell anaemia: an assessment over ten years abstract

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Cristiane Pereira Gomes ◽  
Hugo Nivaldo Melo ◽  
Suyaluane Italla Amana Melo ◽  
Nelmo Vasconcelos de Menezes ◽  
Tulio Vinicius Paes Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Introduction: Hereditary haemoglobinopathies are the most common group of monogenic hereditary diseases in the world. Erythrocytes in sickle form, cellular expression of polymerization of deoxygenated HbS, cause intermittent vascular obstruction, leading to tissue ischaemia and consequent chronic damage in organs and endocrine glands. Objective: The evaluation of the growth pattern and pubertal development of a group of patients with sickle-cell anaemia (SCA) from childhood to adulthood. Method: Thirty patients with SCA between the ages of 10 and 23 years were evaluated in a prospective longitudinal study at three points in time (Te1: 2005; Te2: 2010 and Te3: 2015) and compared with controls. Anthropometric, pubertal and hormonal evaluations were carried out. Age- and gender-specific Z-scores for weight, height and BMI (body mass index) were calculated according to the reference growth standards. Results: Thirty patients with SCA (mean age = 13.93 years) were evaluated at Te1 and 26 patients (mean age = 25.08 years) at Te3. The SCA group lower showed Z-scores for weight (p = 0.0002), height (p = 0.0184) and BMI (p = 0.0011) than the control group at Te1. At Te3, there was no difference in height, but weight (p = <0.0001) and BMI (p = <0.0001) were lower in the SCA group. Men showed greater weight commitment than women at the three study times (Te1: p = 0.0340, Te2: p = 0.0426 and Te3: p = 0.0387) and lower BMI in Te3 (p = 0.0155) in the SCA group. There was a significant increase in weight when comparing Te1 with Te3 (p = 0.0009) and in height when comparing Te1 with Te2 (p = 0.0292) and with Te3 (p = 0.0003) in the SCA group. There was a significant increase in weight when comparing Te1 and Te3 (p = 0.0009) and in height when comparing Te1 and Te2 (p = 0.0292) and Te3 (p = 0.0003) in the SCA group. At Te1, 14 cases and 2 controls were prepubertal. Bone age was delayed in 12 patients. Age at menarche was delayed and lower in the SCA group (mean = 15 years). Five patients had gestated, but no patient had experienced fatherhood. At Te1, TSH levels were higher (p = 0.0080) and T3 levels were lower (p = 0.0020) in the SCA group. At Te3, LH and FSH levels were higher in men with SCA (p = 0.0014; p; 0.0002). IGF-I levels were lower in cases both at Te1 (p = 0.0002) and at Te3 (p = 0.0032). Conclusions: Patients with SCA showed growth impairment and pubertal delay compared with healthy controls. However, albeit belatedly, they reached normal sexual maturation and height in adulthood. Women with SCA showed no fertility problems. The findings highlight the need to investigate the intention of paternity and fertility among men with SCA.

scholarly journals Transitions between frailty states in the very old: the influence of socioeconomic status and multi-morbidity in the Newcastle 85+ cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-981
Author(s):  
Nuno Mendonça ◽  
Andrew Kingston ◽  
Mohammad Yadegarfar ◽  
Helen Hanson ◽  
Rachel Duncan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Subsequent Time ◽  
Multidimensional Health ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Cohort

Abstract Background Using Newcastle 85+ Study data, we investigated transitions between frailty states from age 85 to 90 years and whether multi-morbidities and socioeconomic status (SES) modify transitions. Methods The Newcastle 85+ Study is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of all people born in 1921 in Newcastle and North Tyneside. Data included: a multidimensional health assessment; general practice record review (GPRR) and date of death. Using the Fried phenotype (participants defined as robust, pre-frail or frail), frailty was measured at baseline, 18, 36 and 60 months. Results Frailty scores were available for 82% (696/845) of participants at baseline. The prevalence of frailty was higher in women (29.7%, 123/414) than men (17.7%, 50/282) at baseline and all subsequent time points. Of those robust at baseline, 44.6% (50/112) remained robust at 18 months and 28% (14/50) at age 90. Most (52%) remained in the same state across consecutive interviews; only 6% of the transitions were recovery (from pre-frail to robust or frail to pre-frail), and none were from frail to robust. Four or more diseases inferred a greater likelihood of progression from robust to pre-frail even after adjustment for SES. SES did not influence the likelihood of moving from one frailty state to another. Conclusions Almost half the time between age 85 and 90, on average, was spent in a pre-frail state; multi-morbidity increased the chance of progression from robust and to frail; greater clinical intervention at the onset of a first chronic illness, to prevent transition to multi-morbidity, should be encouraged.

Estimation of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in a Prospective Longitudinal Study of Children with Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 831-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Avcin ◽  
G Markelj ◽  
V Niksic ◽  
Z Rener-Primec ◽  
S Cucnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Unselected Group ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in children with migraine. The values of anti-cardiolipin (aCL) and antiβ2 glycoprotein I (antiβ2GPI) antibodies were assayed by an ELISA method in 52 children with migraine and 22 children with tension-type headache. The control group consisted of 61 apparently healthy children at regular preventive visits. Two monoclonal β2GPI dependent aCL (HCAL and EY2C9) were used as calibrators. Lupus anticoagulant (LA) was determined by a modified dilute Russell viper venom time test. Persistently positive aPL were observed during the follow-up in 16.3% of children with migraine (9.3% for aCL, 7.0% for antiβ2GPI and 0% for LA) and in 16.7% of children with tension-type headache (11.1% for aCL, 5.6% for antiβ2GPI and 0% for LA). The prevalence of aPL did not differ significantly between patient groups and healthy children. The prevalence of aPL does not appear to be increased in an unselected group of children with migraine, however, the possible role of aPL in individual cases of paediatric migraine can not be excluded.

Noncommunicable Diseases in The Southwest of Iran, A Region of High Altitude with Distinctive Ethnic Groups: Results of The Shahrekord Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALI Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health System ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background: Critical inter-provincial differences within Iran in the pattern of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and difficulties inherent to the identification of prevention methods to reduce mortality from NCDs have challenged the implementation of the provincial health system plan. The Shahrekord Cohort Study was designed to address these gaps in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a province of high altitude of the southwest of Iran, characterized by its large Bakthiari population.Methods: This ongoing cohort, prospective longitudinal study is a unique, rich biobank and a large-scale study conducted for the first time in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in Iran. The study began in 2015, recruited 10075 participants (52.8% female) from both urban and rural (30.2%) areas and participants will be followed up until at least 2035. Diseases and their outcomes are ascertained from clinical examinations, interviews, and linkage with medical records registered in the health system.Results: Preliminary results indicate that the prevalence of NCDs at baseline was relatively high, for example 10.7% for type 2 diabetes mellitus, 20.2% for hypertension, 14.6% for non-alcoholic fatty liver, 11.4% for thyroid disease, and 5.7%, 0.9% and 1.3% for ischemic heart disease, stroke and myocardial infarction respectively. The mean (standard deviation) of BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol were 27.6 (4.6) kg/m2, 115.4 (17.3) mmHg, 96.7 (27.3) mmol/L and 184.1 (42.8) respectively. All NCDs appeared to be more frequent in urban than rural areas, except gastroesophageal reflux (32.3% in rural and 29% in the urban area). Conclusions: The Shahrekord Cohort Study provides a platform for epidemiological studies that will be useful for a better prevention and management of NCDs in the southwest of Iran.

scholarly journals Complex Biological Pattern of Fertility Hormones in Children and Adolescents: A Study of Healthy Children from the CALIPER Cohort and Establishment of Pediatric Reference Intervals

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Konforte ◽  
Jennifer L Shea ◽  
Lianna Kyriakopoulou ◽  
David Colantonio ◽  
Ashley H Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Pubertal Stage

BACKGROUND Pediatric endocrinopathies are commonly diagnosed and monitored by measuring hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Because growth and development can markedly influence normal circulating concentrations of fertility hormones, accurate reference intervals established on the basis of a healthy, nonhospitalized pediatric population and that reflect age-, gender-, and pubertal stage–specific changes are essential for test result interpretation. METHODS Healthy children and adolescents (n = 1234) were recruited from a multiethnic population as part of the CALIPER study. After written informed parental consent was obtained, participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic and pubertal development information (assessed by self-reported Tanner stage) and provided a blood sample. We measured 7 fertility hormones including estradiol, testosterone (second generation), progesterone, sex hormone–binding globulin, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone by use of the Abbott Architect i2000 analyzer. We then used these data to calculate age-, gender-, and Tanner stage–specific reference intervals according to Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute C28-A3 guidelines. RESULTS We observed a complex pattern of change in each analyte concentration from the neonatal period to adolescence. Consequently, many age and sex partitions were required to cover the changes in most fertility hormones over this period. An exception to this was prolactin, for which no sex partition and only 3 age partitions were necessary. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive database of pediatric reference intervals for fertility hormones will be of global benefit and should lead to improved diagnosis of pediatric endocrinopathies. The new database will need to be validated in local populations and for other immunoassay platforms as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute.

scholarly journals Changes in liver stiffness after ART initiation in HIV-infected Nigerian adults with and without chronic HBV

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2003-2008
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Grant ◽  
Patricia Agaba ◽  
Placid Ugoagwu ◽  
Auwal Muazu ◽  
Jonathan Okpokwu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background There are limited data from sub-Saharan Africa on long-term liver fibrosis changes in HIV- and HIV/HBV-infected individuals. Objectives To assess the effects of ART on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using transient elastography (TE) in HIV- and HIV/HBV-infected Nigerian adults and examine factors associated with fibrosis regression. Methods We included ART-naive HIV- and HIV/HBV-infected adults (≥18 years) enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study of liver disease between July 2011 and February 2015 at Jos University Teaching Hospital HIV Care and Treatment Centre in Nigeria. Patients initiated ART and had TE at baseline and follow-up (year 3). LSM cut-offs for Metavir scores were 5.9, 7.6 and 9.4 kPa for moderate fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively. We used multivariable regression to identify factors associated with TE (≥1 Metavir) stage decline. Results A total of 106 HIV- and 71 HIV/HBV-infected patients [70.5% female and median age = 34 years (IQR = 29–42 years)] were studied. Baseline LSM and median LSM decline were significantly higher in HIV/HBV- versus HIV-infected patients; 41% of HIV/HBV-infected patients regressed ≥1 Metavir stage versus 17% of HIV-infected patients (P < 0.01); LSM scores at year 3 were not significantly different between HIV- and HIV/HBV-infected patients. In multivariable analyses, patients with baseline CD4+ T cells ≥200 (versus <200) cells/mm3 and lower BMIs were more likely to experience LSM stage decline. Conclusions HBV coinfection does not attenuate LSM declines in HIV-infected patients after ART initiation despite being a risk factor for more advanced liver disease prior to therapy. The inverse association between BMI and TE stage decline needs further investigation.

scholarly journals Interns’ depressive symptoms evolution and training aspects: a prospective cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 806-813
Author(s):  
Daniela Betinassi Parro-Pires ◽  
Luiz Antônio Nogueira-Martins ◽  
Vanessa de Albuquerque Citero
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Occupational Characteristics ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To study depression symptoms’ incidence of medical interns (first year of medical residency) and its correlation with occupational characteristics, satisfaction and stress about their training program. METHODS Prospective Cohort Study conducted at Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. First year residents, N = 166, from a teaching hospital were invited to answer the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and an occupational questionnaire in a prospective longitudinal study. BDI score variation was related with socio-demographic aspects and occupational characteristics using linear regression models. RESULTS 111 subjects participated (67%); the BDI-score increased in 8 months (mean = 2.75 ± 3.29 vs. 7.00 ± 5.66; p<0.0001). The depressive symptoms’ incidence was 9.01% (score>15). BDI-score variation had mean = 4.25 ± 4.93, ranging from -8 to 28. Residents not satisfied with professional training acquired (β = 3.44; p = 0.004), with their personal life (β = 2.97; p = 0.001), or who felt stressed in the relationship with senior residents (β = 2.91; p = 0.015) presented 3 more points of BDI-score after 8 months comparing to those without these perceptions; and being unsatisfied with the nursing team increased BDI-score after 8 months in 2 more points (β = 1.95; p = 0.025). CONCLUSION Among the factors that interfere with depression in interns is the occupational characteristics, which might be enhanced by the training facility. Addressing these dissatisfaction and stressful issues should help the university provide better care of interns’ mental health.

The association between depressive symptoms and neurocognitive impairment in people with well-treated HIV in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242098743
Author(s):  
Galia Santos ◽  
Isabella Locatelli ◽  
Mélanie Métral ◽  
Alexandre Berney ◽  
Isaure Nadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Assessment ◽  
Score Threshold ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Depression may contribute to neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH). Attributing NCI to depression rather than to HIV is complicated as depression may be both a causal factor and an effect of NCI. This study aimed to determine the association between depressive symptoms and NCI among PWH with well-controlled infection. Methods: The Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Ageing Cohort study is an ongoing, prospective, longitudinal study of PWH aged ≥45 years old nested within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Neurocognitive Assessment in the Metabolic and Ageing Cohort study participants underwent neurocognitive assessment and grading of depressive symptoms using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Neurocognitive impairment categories were defined using Frascati criteria. Participants with NCI related to neurological or psychiatric confounders other than depression were excluded. The cross-sectional association between the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score and neurocognitive impairment was examined taking Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score as a continuous variable and then as a binary variable using two score thresholds, 16 and 27. Results: Excluding 79 participants with confounding factors, 902 participants were studied: 81% were men; 96% had plasma viral loads <50 copies/ml; 35% had neurocognitive impairment; 28% had Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores ≥16. Higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores were associated with female sex ( p = 0.0003), non-Caucasian origin ( p = 0.011) and current/past intravenous drug use ( p = 0.002). Whilst neurocognitive impairment was associated with higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score was a poor predictor of having neurocognitive impairment (area under the ROC curve 0.604). Applying a Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score threshold of 16 predicted the presence of neurocognitive impairment with a sensitivity of 38.3% (specificity 77.2%), increasing the threshold to 27 lowered sensitivity to 15.4% (specificity 93.6%). Conclusion: In this large cohort of PWH in Switzerland, we did not observe a Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression score threshold that was sensitive in predicting neurocognitive impairment. As neurocognitive impairment was however associated with higher Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression scores, the data support the screening for and treatment of depression among PWH diagnosed with neurocognitive impairment.

scholarly journals The relationship between breastfeeding and reported respiratory and gastrointestinal infection rates in young children

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Frank ◽  
◽  
Kristian F. Lynch ◽  
Ulla Uusitalo ◽  
Jimin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infection ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Abstract Background Although breastfeeding is touted as providing many health benefits to infants, some aspects of this relationship remain poorly understood. Methods The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) is a prospective longitudinal study that follows children from birth through childhood, and collects data on illness events, breastfeeding duration, and time to introduction of formula or foods at 3 month intervals up until 4 years of age and at 6 months intervals thereafter. Exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding is examined in relation to the 3-month odds of a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection for 6861 children between the ages of 3–18 months, and 5666 children up to the age of 4 years. Analysis was performed using logistic regression models with generalized estimating equation methodology. All models were adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results At 3–6 months of age, breastfeeding was found to be inversely associated with the odds of respiratory infections with fever (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70–0.95), otitis media (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.62–0.94), and infective gastroenteritis (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.46–0.70), although the inverse association with respiratory illnesses was observed only for girls during the winter months. Between 6 and 18 months of age, breastfeeding within any 3 month period continued to be inversely associated with the odds of ear infection and infective gastroenteritis, and additionally with the odds of conjunctivitis, and laryngitis and tracheitis, over the same 3 month period within this age range. However, breastfeeding in this group was associated with increased reports of common cold. Duration of exclusive breastfeeding was inversely associated with the odds of otitis media up to 48 months of age (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99) after breastfeeding had stopped. Conclusions This study demonstrates that breastfeeding can be protective against multiple respiratory and gastrointestinal acute illnesses in some children up to at least 6 months of age, with duration of exclusive breastfeeding being somewhat protective of otitis media even after breastfeeding has stopped. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00279318. Date of registration: January 17, 2006 (proactively registered). First Posted: January 19, 2006.

scholarly journals Hypovitaminosis Din Postherpetic Neuralgia—High Prevalence and Inverse Association with Pain: A Retrospective Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Yin Chen ◽  
Yao-Tsung Lin ◽  
Li-Kai Wang ◽  
Kuo-Chuan Hung ◽  
Kuo-Mao Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postherpetic Neuralgia ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Spontaneous Pain ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
First Pain ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Hypovitaminosis D (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) <75 nmol/L) is associated with neuropathic pain and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) immunity. A two-part retrospective hospital-based study was conducted. Part I (a case-control study): To investigate the prevalence and risk of hypovitaminosis D in postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) patients compared to those in gender/index-month/age-auto matched controls who underwent health examinations. Patients aged ≥50 years were automatically selected by ICD-9 codes for shingle/PHN. Charts were reviewed. Part II (a cross-sectional study): To determine associations between 25(OH)D, VZV IgG/M, pain and items in the DN4 questionnaire at the first pain clinic visit of patients. Independent predictors of PHN were presented as adjusted odds ratios(AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Prevalence (73.9%) of hypovitaminosis D in 88 patients was high. In conditional logistic regressions, independent predictors for PHN were hypovitaminosis D (AOR3.12, 95% CI1.73–5.61), malignancy (AOR3.21, 95% CI 1.38–7.48) and Helicobacter pylori-related peptic ulcer disease (AOR3.47, 95% CI 1.71–7.03). 25(OH)D was inversely correlated to spontaneous/brush-evoked pain. Spontaneous pain was positively correlated to VZV IgM. Based on the receiver operator characteristic curve, cutoffs for 25(OH)D to predict spontaneous and brush-evoked pain were 67.0 and 169.0 nmol/L, respectively. A prospective, longitudinal study is needed to elucidate the findings.

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