The use of endophytic growth-promoting bacteria to alleviate salinity impact and enhance the chlorophyll, N uptake, and growth of rice seedling

Abstract Soil salinity is a major limiting factor for crop productivity, which increases continuously due to climate change. This barrier can possibly be overcome with the occurrence of halotolerant endophytic bacteria which reportedly plays an important role in protecting plants against various environmental stresses. Therefore, plant growth-promoting microbes are used in agriculture as an inexpensive and eco-friendly technology to enhance crop productivity in saline areas. In this study, the three isolates with nitrogen fixation ability were applied for mitigation of salt stress. The isolates were coded as C3A1, C8D2, and K10P4 and applied to rice plants by seed priming method. Furthermore, they were given as single innoculant or combined as a consortium compared to control, which was without the addition of endophytic bacteria, while the inoculated seed was planted on saline semisolid Fahraeus media at 4 dS m−1. The results showed that the single isolate of K10P4 endophytic bacteria increased the dry weight of rice plants, N uptake, and chlorophyll of plants in saline conditions. The combination of K10P4 isolate with C8D2 was synergistic and increased the population of endophytic bacteria in root tissue and chlorophyll content compared to the combination of C3A1 or three isolates. Meanwhile, the use of the 16S ribosomal RNA method on C3A1, C8D2, and K10P4 indentified the isolates as Ochrobactrum tritici (C3A1), Pseudomonas stutzeri (C8D2), and Pseudomonas stutzeri (K10P4).

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Using Rhizosphere Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Plant Productivity

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081619 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1619

Author(s):

Ana Ibáñez ◽

Alba Diez-Galán ◽

Rebeca Cobos ◽

Carla Calvo-Peña ◽

Carlos Barreiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Barley Plant ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽

Microbial Inoculants ◽

Total Phosphorous ◽

Pot Trials ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

Vulgare Plant

On average less than 1% of the total phosphorous present in soils is available to plants, making phosphorous one of the most limiting macronutrients for crop productivity worldwide. The aim of this work was to isolate and select phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) from the barley rhizosphere, which has other growth promoting traits and can increase crop productivity. A total of 104 different bacterial isolates were extracted from the barley plant rhizosphere. In this case, 64 strains were able to solubilize phosphate in agar plates. The 24 strains exhibiting the highest solubilizing index belonged to 16 different species, of which 7 isolates were discarded since they were identified as putative phytopathogens. The remaining nine strains were tested for their ability to solubilize phosphate in liquid medium and in pot trials performed in a greenhouse. Several of the isolated strains (Advenella mimigardefordensis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium and Burkholderia fungorum) were able to significantly improve levels of assimilated phosphate, dry weight of ears and total starch accumulated on ears compared to non-inoculated plants. Since these strains were able to increase the growth and productivity of barley crops, they could be potentially used as microbial inoculants (biofertilizers).

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Amelioration of Salt Tolerance in Soybean (Glycine Max. L) by Plant-Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria Produce 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylase Deaminase

ANNALES BOGORIENSES ◽

10.14203/ann.bogor.2018.v22.n2.81-93 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rumella Simarmata ◽

Ngadiman Ngadiman ◽

Saifur Rohman ◽

Partomuan Simanjuntak

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Ethylene Synthesis ◽

Soybean Seedlings

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that can induce ethylene synthesis beyond the normal limits as plants response to stress and hence reduces crop productivity. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase deaminase (ACCD)-producing bacteria can reduce excessive ethylene synthesis by taking ACC (ethylene precursor) as a nitrogen source. This study showed the possibility of using endophytic bacteria in order to reduce the undesirable effects of salinity. Strain Pseudomonas putida PIR3C and Roultella terrigena PCM8 exhibited promising performance for promoting the growth of plant under salinity stress conditions. The results showed that bacterial inoculation was effective even in the presence of higher salinity levels. Strain P. putida PIR3C was the most efficient strain compared to the other strains and significantly increased shoot length, root length, dry weight, germination percentage, and reduced stem diameter. The role of ACCD in reducing ethylene production under salinity stress conditions was also studied by measuring the evolution of ethylene in vitro by soybean seeds treated with some ACCD bacterial strain. The maximum ethylene lowering capacity was observed in R. terrigena PCM8, the strain reduced ethylene production from 622.81 nmol.g-1(control) to 352.78 nmol.g-1 (43% reduction). The production of α-ketobutyrate, chlorophyll content and germination percentage from P. putida PIR3C was higher than other strains. The results suggested that strain P. putida PIR3C and R. terrigena PCM8 can be employed for salinity tolerance in soybean seedlings and may have better prospects for an amelioration of stress condition.

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Potensi dan Karakterisasi Fisiologis Bakteri Endofit Asal Tanaman Kakao Sehat sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Benih Kakao

Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.18343/jipi.25.3.388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 388-395

Author(s):

Andi Khaeruni ◽

Tanza Nirmala ◽

Waode Siti Anima Hisein ◽

Gusnawaty Gusnawaty ◽

Teguh Wijayanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Laboratory Unit ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

This study aimed to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates originated from healthy cacao plant, potential for plant-growth promoting of cacao seedlings. This study was carried out in the Phytopathology Laboratory Unit of the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) using ten isolates of endophytic bacteria from healthy cocoa plants as treatments, plus a control treatment. The experiment was conducted in a screenhouse using seed treatment and planted in seedling boxes, containing sterile rice-husk charcoal as a growing medium. The result showed that three endophytic bacteria tested (isolates 2RPR1, 2RWB2, and 5BRB3) were potential as plant growth-promoting of cocoa seedlings, because the isolates were able to increase seed germination up to 96.67%, relative growth rate up to 90-96.67%, increased plant height up to 47.85-67.17%, root dry weight up to 35.08-52.63%, and canopy dry weight up to 97.71-108.46%. The superiority of the three isolates were related to their abilities to fix nitrogen, dissolve phosphate, as well as to produce indole acetic acid. Keywords: cacao, endophytic bacteria, plant growth-promoting agent, seed viability

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Effect of Organo-nitrogen Fertilization on N-uptake and Growth Yield of Potatoes using 15N

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i830459 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Ahmed Moursy ◽

M. M. Ismail

Keyword(s):

Tuber Yield ◽

N Uptake ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Compost Tea ◽

Mineral N ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Yield Value ◽

Tuber Production

Fertilization is an important and limiting factor for growth and tuber production of potatoes crop because plants non adsorption amounts of nutrients from the soil. Data obtained the tea compost spray or tea compost fertigation single or mixed with mineral-N. Resulted in grand mean the highest tuber yield of potatoes tea compost methods, the value of tuber yield value (42.34 tan ha -1) which relatively increased by about 15.68%, 11.31% over the untreated addition compost to soil and tea compost fertigation.Also data show that grand mean the highest shoot dry weight of potatoes foliar compost tea methods, the value of tuber yield value (4.79 tan ha -1) which relatively increased by about 41.54%,24.43% over the untreated addition compost to soil and tea compost fertigation. Also data show under methods, fertigaion compost tea, with treatment 50% compost tea+ 50% mineral –N seems to be the best ones in nitrogen uptake by tuber potato plant (131.24 kg ha-1). the compost tea fertigation, % Ndff, Ndfcompost in tuber was much higher for tea compost fertigation (57.74 kg ha-1) ,(56.62 kg ha -1 )than for compost tea foliar methods (50.21 kg ha-1),(51.84 kg ha-1) and compost addition to soil (33.02 kg ha-1) , (27.82 kg ha-1) respectively . The percentage nitrogen use efficiency (%NUE) by tuber ranged from %9.17 to %16.27 due to (MA1)+R2 and 100 % MF , respectively.

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Identification, Association of Natural Variation and Expression Analysis of ZmNAC9 Gene Response to Low Phosphorus in Maize Seedling Stage

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1447

Author(s):

Javed Hussain Sahito ◽

Xiao Zhang ◽

Haixu Zhong ◽

Xuan He ◽

Chen Zhen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Breeding ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Favorable Alleles ◽

Seedling Traits ◽

Significant Difference

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macroelement supporting maize productivity and low-P stress is a limiting factor of maize growth and yield. Improving maize plant tolerance to low P through molecular breeding is an effective alternative to increase crop productivity. In this study, a total of 111 diverse maize inbred lines were used to identify the favorable alleles and nucleotide diversity of candidate ZmNAC9, which plays an important role in response to low P and regulation in root architecture. A significant difference was found under low- and sufficient-P conditions for each of the 22 seedling traits, and a total of 41 polymorphic sites including 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 insertion and deletions (InDels) were detected in ZmNAC9 among 111 inbred lines. Among the 41 polymorphic studied sites, a total of 39 polymorphic sites were associated with 20 traits except for the dry weight of shoots and forks, of which six sites were highly significantly associated with a diverse number of low-P tolerant root trait index values by using a mixed linear model (MLM) at −log10 P = 3.61. In addition, 29 polymorphic sites under P-sufficient and 32 polymorphic sites under P-deficient conditions were significantly associated with a diverse number of seedling traits, of which five polymorphic sites (position S327, S513, S514, S520, and S827) were strongly significantly associated with multiple seedling traits under low-P and normal-P conditions. Among highly significant sites, most of the sites were associated with root traits under low-P, normal-P, and low-P trait index values. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) was strong at (r2 > 1.0) in 111 inbred lines. Furthermore, the effect of five significant sites was verified for haplotypes in 111 lines and the favorable allele S520 showed a positive effect on the dry weight of roots under the low-P condition. Furthermore, the expression pattern confirmed that ZmNAC9 was highly induced by low P in the roots of the P-tolerant 178 inbred line. Moreover, the subcellular localization of ZmNAC9 encoded by protein was located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Haplotypes carrying more favorable alleles exhibited superior effects on phenotypic variation and could be helpful in developing molecular markers in maize molecular breeding programs. Taken together, the finding of this study might lead to further functions of ZmNAC9 and genes that might be involved in responses to low-P stress in maize.

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Seed Priming with Brassinosteroids Alleviates Chromium Stress in Rice Cultivars via Improving ROS Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Response at Biochemical and Molecular Levels

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071089 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1089

Author(s):

Farwa Basit ◽

Min Chen ◽

Temoor Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Shahid ◽

Muhammad Noman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Cr Toxicity ◽

Cr Uptake

This research was performed to explore the vital role of seed priming with a 0.01 µM concentration of brassinosteroids (EBL) to alleviate the adverse effects of Cr (100 µM) in two different rice cultivars. Seed priming with EBL significantly enhanced the germination attributes (germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, and vigor index, etc.), photosynthetic rate as well as plant growth (shoot and root length including the fresh and dry weight) under Cr toxicity as compared to the plants primed with water. Cr toxicity induced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) and ROS level (MDA and H2O2 contents) in both rice cultivars; however, a larger increment was observed in YLY-689 (tolerant) than CY-927 (sensitive) cultivar. EBL application stimulatingly increased antioxidant enzyme activities to scavenge ROS production under Cr stress. The gene expression of SOD and POD in EBL-primed rice plants followed a similar increasing trend as observed in the case of enzymatic activities of SOD and POD compared to water-primed rice plants. Simultaneously, Cr uptake was observed to be significantly higher in the water-primed control compared to plants primed with EBL. Moreover, Cr uptake was significant in YLY-689 compared to CY-927. In ultra-structure studies, it was observed that EBL priming relieved the rice plants from sub-cellular damage. Conclusively, our research indicated that seed priming with EBL could be adopted as a promising strategy to enhance rice growth by copping the venomous effect of Cr.

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Aplication of Azolla pinnata and N-Fixing Endophytic Bacteria To Enhance Chemical, Plant Properties, and Dry Weight Corn Plant at Inceptisols Jatinangor

Agrologia ◽

10.30598/a.v8i1.872 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mieke Rochimi Setiawati ◽

Pujawati Suryatmana ◽

Yuliati Machfud ◽

Yori Tridendra

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

N Uptake ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Azolla Pinnata ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Corn Plant ◽

Total N ◽

Acinetobacter Sp ◽

Corn Plants

The research to determine the effect of Azolla pinnata dry weight and nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria on the chemical properties of soil and plants and the growth of corn plants on Inseptisols from Jatinangor. This experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, West Java. The experiment design was Randomized Block Design (RDB) in factorial pattern consisted of two factors and three replications. The first factor was dosage of Azolla pinnata compost consisted of four levels (0 g pot-1, 12.5 g pot-1, 25 g pot-1, 37.5 g pot-1). The second factor was nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteriaconsisted three levels: without nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria, just used nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria Acinetobacter sp., used nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria Pseudomonas sp. The results showed that there were interactions between Azolla pinnata and N2-fixing endophytic bacteria on N concentration and N uptake of corn plants. Applicaton Azolla pinnata compost with a dosage of 37.5 g pot-1 equivalent to 6 tons ha-1 can produce the highest dry weight of corn plants. Both nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria and azolla compost have not been able to increase the total N of Jatinangor Insepticols.Keywords: Azolla pinnata, nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria, Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., corn plant

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Morphophysiological Traits, Biochemical Characteristic and Productivity of Wheat under Water and Nitrogen-Colimitation: Pathways to Improve Water and N Uptake

10.5772/intechopen.94355 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nawab Ali ◽

Mohammad Akmal

Keyword(s):

N Uptake ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

N Recovery ◽

N Availability ◽

N Losses ◽

Environmental Consequences

Drought stress is the most prominent limiting factor and abiotic stress that manipulates the physiological pathway, biochemical traits and hence negatively affects wheat crop productivity. The global nitrogen (N) recovery indicated that about two-fifths of N inputs are lost in the ecosystems through emission, denitrification, gaseous loss, leaching, surface runoff and volatilization etc. Farmers are using higher rates of N to harvest maximum yield but about 50–60% of applied N to crop field is not utilized by the plants and are lost to environment causing environmental pollution. These deleterious environmental consequences need to be reduced by efficient management of N and/or water. N-availability is often regulated by soil water; hence crop is experiencing N- and water-limitation simultaneously. There is great impetus to optimize their uptake through interconnectedness of water and N for yield determination of wheat because of the water scarcity and N losses. It is further advocate that there is need to investigate the intricate role of economizing N rate and water simultaneously for wheat crop growth, yield and backing quality may be beneficial to be investigate.

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Rhizobial inoculation improves seedling emergence, nutrient uptake and growth of cotton

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea03074 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 617 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

F. Y. Hafeez ◽

M. E. Safdar ◽

A. U. Chaudhry ◽

K. A. Malik

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

N Uptake ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Rhizobial Inoculation ◽

Rhizobium Strains ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Experiments were conducted to determine the growth promoting activities of various rhizobia in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under growth room conditions. Seeds of 4 cotton cultivars were inoculated with 4-indole-3-acetic acid producing selected (Brady) rhizobium strains and Azotobacter plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strains, included as a positive control. Growth responses to inoculation exhibited bacterial strain-cotton cultivar specificity and also included increase in rate of seedling emergence by 3–9%. Shoot dry weight, biomass and N uptake were increased by 48, 75 and 57%, respectively, due to inoculation with both the Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii E11 and Azotobacter sp. S8, whereas, strain E11 also increased root dry weight, root length and area by 248, 332 and 283%, respectively. K+ and Ca2+ uptake was also increased by 2–21% and 9–14%, respectively, due to rhizobial inoculation. The results also showed that (Brady) rhizobium strains promoted cotton growth through efficient nutrient uptake, which was mainly related to increased root growth due to the effect of IAA produced by these strains. However, growth promotion by Azotobacter sp. S8, in addition to 4-indole-3-acetic acid production, might also involve biological N2 fixation by this rhizobacterial strain at some stage during its growth.

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